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Journal of Dental Research Jun 2020Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression and diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to the...
Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression and diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to the cause-and-effect relationship between periodontal disease and DM is poorly understood. We examined the bacterial composition in plaque samples from 128 South Africans with periodontal disease across glycemic statuses using 16S rDNA sequencing of regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8, and 9. Of the 9 phyla identified, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria made up >98%. Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant in subjects with diabetes, while Proteobacteria were less abundant. However, in the presence of gingival bleeding and DM, as compared with DM without gingival bleeding, Actinobacteria were markedly reduced while Bacteroidetes were more abundant. In contrast, no differences in Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes abundance were observed between DM with and without pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm. At the genus level, similar changes in relative abundance were observed in the presence of DM and periodontal disease. Our findings remained in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and the 5 most dominant phyla. For example, Actinobacteria significantly increased the odds of diabetes by 10% in subjects with gingival bleeding, while Fusobacteria increased this odd by 14%; yet, among subjects with PD ≥4 mm, Fusobacteria decreased the odds of DM by 47%. Our findings have confirmed the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiota across glycemic statuses as well as different stages of periodontal disease. However, it is not clear whether these differences were the consequence of hyperglycemia or the presence of periodontal diseases. Therefore, we recommend further investigations in a longitudinal study design.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Fusobacteria; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 32298191
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520913818 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jan 2021Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of developing cholecystic disease. The gut microbiota has been shown to be strongly associated with...
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of developing cholecystic disease. The gut microbiota has been shown to be strongly associated with cholecystectomy and T2DM pathogenesis. However, alterations of the gut microbiome in patients with T2DM who had undergone cholecystectomy remain unexplored. In this study, the gut microbiomes of 14 long-term patients with T2DM who had undergone cholecystectomy (T2DIIC group) and 21 age- and/or sex-matched subjects with new-onset (T2DI group) and long-term (T2DII group) T2DM without cholecystectomy were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. It was found that cholecystectomy could alleviate the decrease in Pielou's evenness and the increase in the relative abundances of the Firmicutes phylum and genus in long-term patients with T2DM compared with T2DII subjects. Moreover, cholecystectomy also significantly increased the relative abundance of the Fusobacteria phylum, as well as that of the and genera. Interestingly, the T2DIIC and T2DI groups showed higher similarities than the T2DII group with respect to patterns of gut microbiota composition and predicted gut metagenomes. In summary, cholecystectomy could partially alleviate long-term diabetes-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota composition and function, but alterations in T2DM patient health warrant further study. The gut microbiome of long-term T2DM patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and age- and/or sex-matched subjects of new-onset and long-term T2DM without cholecystectomy was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in stool samples. The findings suggest that, cholecystectomy could partially alleviate long-term diabetes-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiome composition and function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bilophila; Cholecystectomy; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feces; Female; Fusobacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 33166187
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00471.2020 -
Gut Nov 2020Fusobacteria are not common nor relatively abundant in non-colorectal cancer (CRC) populations, however, we identified multiple taxa nearly absent in western and rural...
OBJECTIVE
Fusobacteria are not common nor relatively abundant in non-colorectal cancer (CRC) populations, however, we identified multiple taxa nearly absent in western and rural populations to be comparatively more prevalent and relatively abundant in southern Chinese populations. We investigated whether these represented known or novel lineages in the genus, and assessed their genomes for features implicated in development of cancer.
METHODS
Prevalence and relative abundances of fusobacterial species were calculated from 3157 CRC and non-CRC gut metagenomes representing 16 populations from various biogeographies. Microbial genomes were assembled and compared with existing reference genomes to assess novel fusobacterial diversity. Phylogenetic distribution of virulence genes implicated in CRC was investigated.
RESULTS
Irrespective of CRC disease status, southern Chinese populations harboured increased prevalence (maximum 39% vs 7%) and relative abundances (average 0.4% vs 0.04% of gut community) of multiple recognised and novel fusobacterial taxa phylogenetically distinct from . Genomes assembled from southern Chinese gut metagenomes increased existing fusobacterial diversity by 14.3%. Homologues of the FadA adhesin linked to CRC were consistently detected in several monophyletic lineages sister to and inclusive of and , but not . We also detected increased prevalence and relative abundances of in CRC compared with non-CRC cohorts, which together with distribution of FadA homologues supports a possible association with gut disease.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of fusobacteria in guts of southern Chinese populations are higher compared with several western and rural populations in line with the notion of environment/biogeography driving human gut microbiome composition. Several non-nucleatum taxa possess FadA homologues and were enriched in CRC cohorts; whether this imposes a risk in developing CRC and other gut diseases deserves further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; China; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Female; Fusobacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32051205
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319635 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Aug 2021is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic... (Review)
Review
is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. For this reason, molecular methods are typically required for the detection and differential diagnosis of infections. Here, we review the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of infections, the molecular mechanisms underlying its virulence, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. We further review the evidence of 's contributions to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour, stillbirth, maternal and neonatal sepsis, HIV infection, and cervical cancer. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that represents an important yet underappreciated pathogen affecting the development and progression of several adverse clinical conditions diagnosed in pregnant women and their neonates, as well as in non-pregnant women.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fusobacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 33823747
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1905606 -
Anaerobe Apr 2020We present a case of a healthy 29 year-old female with an uneventful vaginal delivery who had transient, sudden onset of rigors and fever 36 hours postpartum. She was...
We present a case of a healthy 29 year-old female with an uneventful vaginal delivery who had transient, sudden onset of rigors and fever 36 hours postpartum. She was found to have Fusobacterium gonidiaformans bacteremia due to retained placental tissue. We report this organism as it is not well-described and rarely reported. It does bear some similarities to other Fusobacterium species that have been reported to cause septicemia in young otherwise healthy patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Biomarkers; Blood Culture; Female; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Postpartum Period; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32045837
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102168 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The misuse of antibiotics in our daily lives has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, many antibiotics are becoming ineffective. This...
The misuse of antibiotics in our daily lives has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, many antibiotics are becoming ineffective. This phenomenon is linked with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, new approaches are required to address this major health issue. is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which normally resides in the oral and vaginal cavities. It is an emerging bacterial pathogen which is developing new antibiotic-resistance mechanisms. No approved vaccine is available against this pathogen, which is a cause for growing concern. In this study, an in silico-based, multi-epitopes vaccine against this pathogen was designed by applying reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatic approaches. Of a total of 2193 predicted proteins, 294 were found to be redundant while 1899 were non-redundant. Among the non-redundant proteins, 6 were predicted to be present in the extracellular region, 12 in the periplasmic region and 23 in the outer-membrane region. Three proteins (trypsin-like peptidase domain-containing protein, sel1 repeat family protein and TrbI/VirB10 family protein) were predicted to be virulent and potential subunit vaccine targets. In the epitopes prediction phase, the three proteins were subjected to B- and T-cell epitope mapping; 19 epitopes were used for vaccine design. The vaccine construct was docked with MHC-I, MHC-II and TLR-4 immune receptors and only the top-ranked complex (based on global energy value) was selected in each case. The selected docked complexes were examined in a molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energies analysis in order to assess their intermolecular stability. It was observed that the vaccine binding mode with receptors was stable and that the system presented stable dynamics. The net binding free energy of complexes was in the range of -300 to -500 kcal/mol, indicating the formation of stable complexes. In conclusion, the data reported herein might help vaccinologists to formulate a chimeric vaccine against the aforementioned target pathogen.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Computational Biology; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Female; Humans; Leptotrichia; Molecular Docking Simulation; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 36078462
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710742 -
Anaerobe Feb 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for screening this disorder; however, it can be challenging for patients. As research on microbiota, especially anaerobic microbiota, has expanded substantially, new links have been determined between anaerobic bacteria and CRC progression. These associations can be useful in screening CRC in the near future. This review discusses current research investigating the presence of anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium septicum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra in CRC and presents an overview about their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the current anaerobic probiotics used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides fragilis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34906686
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102501 -
Carcinogenesis Jan 2018
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium; Humans
PubMed: 28968715
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx092 -
The Journal of Infection Mar 2021
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 33248222
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.020 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Apr 2021To analyse, through a pre-clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels.
AIM
To analyse, through a pre-clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Periodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar:Han rats (oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) during 12 weeks, followed by a 3-week period of Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) induction. Four groups (n = 12 rats/group) were obtained: periodontitis and CMS (P+CMS+); periodontitis without CMS; CMS without periodontitis; and control. Periodontal clinical variables, alveolar bone levels (ABL), depressive-like behaviour, microbial counts and expression of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain frontal cortex (FC), were measured. ANOVA tests were applied.
RESULTS
The highest values for ABL occurred in the P+CMS+ group, which also presented the highest expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-kB) in frontal cortex, related to the lipoprotein APOA1-mediated transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the brain and the detection of F. nucleatum in the brain parenchyma. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, reflected by the increase in plasma corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels in FC, was also found in this group.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuroinflammation induced by F. nucleatum (through a leaky mouth) might act as the linking mechanism between periodontal diseases and depression.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 33432590
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13420