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The Journal of Infection Mar 2021
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 33248222
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.020 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2019Kwashiorkor and marasmus are considered to be two different clinical diseases resulting from severe malnutrition, but this distinction has been questioned. In a previous...
Kwashiorkor and marasmus are considered to be two different clinical diseases resulting from severe malnutrition, but this distinction has been questioned. In a previous study comparing children with kwashiorkor and healthy children from Niger and Senegal, we found a dramatic gut microbiota alteration with a predominant depletion of anaerobes and enrichment in Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in kwashiorkor. However, it remained unknown whether this association was related to malnutrition or was a specific feature of kwashiorkor. In this continuation study, we added 7 new marasmus subjects and 71,162 new colonies from the same countries. Our results showed that, compared to marasmus, the kwashiorkor gut microbiota was characterized by an increased proportion of Proteobacteria (culturomics, Marasmus 5.0%, Kwashiorkor 16.7%, p < 0.0001; metagenomics, Marasmus 14.7%, Kwashiorkor 22.0%, p = 0.001), but there was a decreased proportion of Bacteroidetes in marasmus (culturomics, Marasmus 0.8%, Kwashiorkor 6.5%, p = 0.001; metagenomics, Marasmus 5.4%, Kwashiorkor 7.0%, p = 0.03). Fusobacterium was more frequently cultured from kwashiorkor. All detected potential pathogenic species were enriched in the kwashiorkor gut microbiota. These results provide a biological basis to support the usage of an antibiotic therapy more effective in suppressing the overgrowth of bacterial communities resistant to penicillin, combined with antioxidants and probiotics for nutritional recovery therapies, particularly for kwashiorkor.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Biodiversity; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kwashiorkor; Male; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Proteobacteria
PubMed: 31235833
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45611-3 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Apr 2021To analyse, through a pre-clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels.
AIM
To analyse, through a pre-clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Periodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar:Han rats (oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) during 12 weeks, followed by a 3-week period of Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) induction. Four groups (n = 12 rats/group) were obtained: periodontitis and CMS (P+CMS+); periodontitis without CMS; CMS without periodontitis; and control. Periodontal clinical variables, alveolar bone levels (ABL), depressive-like behaviour, microbial counts and expression of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain frontal cortex (FC), were measured. ANOVA tests were applied.
RESULTS
The highest values for ABL occurred in the P+CMS+ group, which also presented the highest expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-kB) in frontal cortex, related to the lipoprotein APOA1-mediated transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the brain and the detection of F. nucleatum in the brain parenchyma. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, reflected by the increase in plasma corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels in FC, was also found in this group.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuroinflammation induced by F. nucleatum (through a leaky mouth) might act as the linking mechanism between periodontal diseases and depression.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 33432590
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13420 -
Virulence Aug 2016Rat bite fever (RBF), a worldwide occurring and most likely under-diagnosed zoonosis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, represents the most prominent disease of... (Review)
Review
Rat bite fever (RBF), a worldwide occurring and most likely under-diagnosed zoonosis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, represents the most prominent disease of Streptobacillus infections. Recently, novel members have been described, from which a reservoir in rats and other animal species and a zoonotic potential can be assumed. Despite regularly published case reports, diagnostics of RBF continues to represent a 'diagnostic dilemma', because the mostly applied 16S rRNA sequence analysis may be uncertain for proper pathogen identification. Virtually nothing is known regarding prevalence in humans and animal reservoirs. For a realistic assessment of the pathogen's spread, epidemiology and virulence traits, future studies should focus on the genomic background of Streptobacillus. Full genome sequence analyses of a representative collection of strains might facilitate to unequivocally identify and type isolates. Prevalence studies using selective enrichment mechanisms may also enable the isolation of novel strains and candidate species of this neglected group of microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium Infections; Genes, Essential; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rat-Bite Fever; Rats; Serology; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Streptobacillus; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27088660
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1177694 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... May 2020Periodontal pathogens are the main pathogenic factor of periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens have a large variety of virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide,... (Review)
Review
Periodontal pathogens are the main pathogenic factor of periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens have a large variety of virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae and proteases, which enables the pathogens to infect periodontal tissues and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic systemic inflammation. Periodontal pathogens may invade multiple systems such as the circulatory system, immune system, respiratory system and digestive system to cause systematic diseases. Recent studies have shown that periodontal pathogens may have close relations with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Among the periodontal pathogens, can be found in atherosclerotic plaques to impairing the function of the vascular endothelium; may also increase the level of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α to promote insulin resistance and diabetes. Many of the periodontal pathogens such as , and can be detected in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. may cause alterations in the intestinal microbiome in mice and promote the occurrence of intestinal tumors. Herein we review the recent progresses in the relationship between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 32897213
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.24 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2021The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions.
DESIGN
Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data.
RESULTS
From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Prevalence; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33588190
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Aug 2021The in vitro antibacterial spectra and activities of five antimicrobial agents, including lascufloxacin (LSFX) and two quinolones, were investigated against 69 species...
The in vitro antibacterial spectra and activities of five antimicrobial agents, including lascufloxacin (LSFX) and two quinolones, were investigated against 69 species of anaerobes in 31 genera and 188 strains in 9 genera, respectively. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lascufloxacin against the reference strains associated with respiratory and head and neck infections. LSFX inhibited the growth of 33 gram-positive and gram-negative reference strains at ≤0.015-2 μg/mL, except for Leptotrichia buccalis. MICs ranges of LSFX against the clinical isolates of 44 Porphyromonas spp., 45 Prevotella spp., 25 Fusobacterium spp., 7 Leptotrichia spp., 25 Parvimonas micra, 25 other gram-positive anaerobic cocci, and 17 Veillonella spp., were ≤0.015-4, 0.125-4, 0.06-0.5, 2, 0.25-16, ≤0.015-2, ≤0.015-16 μg/mL, respectively. LSFX demonstrated potent antibacterial efficacy against a wide range of species isolated from specimens involved in respiratory as well as head and neck infections.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Firmicutes; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Leptotrichia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 33867268
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.026 -
Journal of Crohn's & Colitis Nov 2020Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in Crohn's disease [CD] and may play an important role in triggering postoperative disease recurrence [POR]. We...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in Crohn's disease [CD] and may play an important role in triggering postoperative disease recurrence [POR]. We prospectively studied faecal and mucosal microbial recolonisation following ileocaecal resection to identify the predictive value of recurrence-related microbiota.
METHODS
Mucosal and/or faecal samples from 121 CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection were collected at predefined time points before and after surgery. Ileal biopsies were collected from 39 healthy controls. POR was defined by a Rutgeerts score ≥i2b. The microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Prediction analysis was performed using C5.0 and Random Forest algorithms.
RESULTS
The mucosa-associated microbiota in CD patients was characterised by a depletion of butyrate-producing species (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.01) and enrichment of Proteobacteria [FDR = 0.009] and Akkermansia spp. [FDR = 0.02]. Following resection, a mucosal enrichment of Lachnospiraceae [FDR <0.001] was seen in all patients but in POR patients, also Fusobacteriaceae [FDR <0.001] increased compared with baseline. Patients without POR showed a decrease of Streptococcaceae [FDR = 0.003] and Actinomycineae [FDR = 0.06]. The mucosa-associated microbiota profile had good discriminative power to predict POR, and was superior to clinical risk factors. At Month 6, patients experiencing POR had a higher abundance of taxa belonging to Negativicutes [FDR = 0.04] and Fusobacteria [FDR = 0.04] compared with patients without POR.
CONCLUSIONS
Microbiota recolonisation after ileocaecal resection is different between recurrence and non-recurrence patients, with Fusobacteria as the most prominent player driving early POR. These bacteria involved in the early recolonisation and POR represent a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention of disease recurrence.
Topics: Adult; Belgium; Biopsy; Cecum; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32333762
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa081 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021The gastric microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of stomach microbiota between CD patients and...
The gastric microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of stomach microbiota between CD patients and controls. DNA was extracted from gastric mucosal and fluid samples, from 24 CD patients and 19 controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 1511 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 239 passed the low abundance and low variance filters. All but one CD patients were HP negative. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in at least one mucosal or fluid site. Of these, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes accounted for 70% of all phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Fusobacteriota combined accounted for 27%. There was significant difference in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Campilobacterota between CD patients and controls only in gastric corpus samples. In gastric liquid, there was a significant difference only in Actinobacteriota. Pairwise comparison identified 67 differentially abundant OTUs in at least one site. Of these, 13 were present in more than one comparison, and four differentiating OTUs (Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Absconditabacteriales, and Microbacteriaceae) were identified at all tested sites. The results reveal significant changes in gastric microbial profiles (beta diversity, phylum, and individual taxa levels) between H. pylori-negative CD patients and controls.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Crohn Disease; Feces; Firmicutes; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Proteobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34504159
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97261-z -
Journal of Periodontology Sep 2019This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.
METHODS
Thirty-two rats were divided into groups C (control), EP, C-HD100, and EP-HD100. At day 0, animals of groups EP and EP-HD100 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFM). In groups C-HD100 and EP-HD100, 1 mL of suspensions containing B. bacteriovorus HD100 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs at days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Group EP-HD100 presented greater bone volume and lower connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) than group EP (P < 0.05). Group EP-HD100 presented greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus-like species and lower proportions of Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium polymorphum, Eikenella corrodens, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter gracilis, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Veillonella parvula-like species than group EP. Group EP-HD100 presented greater levels of osteoprotegerin and gene expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and forkhead box P3 than group EP (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTAL in rats with EP.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Rats; Veillonella
PubMed: 30828815
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.18-0485