-
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Microbiome is a keystone polymicrobial community that coexist with human body in a beneficial relationship. These microorganisms enable the human body to maintain... (Review)
Review
Microbiome is a keystone polymicrobial community that coexist with human body in a beneficial relationship. These microorganisms enable the human body to maintain homeostasis and take part in mechanisms of defense against infection and in the absorption of nutrients. Even though microbiome is involved in physiologic processes that are beneficial to host health, it may also cause serious detrimental issues. Additionally, it has been proven that bacteria can migrate to other human body compartments and colonize them even although significant structural differences with the area of origin exist. Such migrations have been clearly observed when the causes of genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the oral microbiome is capable of penetrating into the large intestine and cause impairments leading to dysbiosis and stimulation of cancerogenic processes. The main actors of such events seem to be oral pathogenic bacteria belonging to the red and orange complex (regarding classification of bacteria in the context of periodontal diseases), such as and respectively, which are characterized by significant amount of cancerogenic virulence factors. Further examination of oral microbiome and its impact on CRC may be crucial on early detection of this disease and would allow its use as a precise non-invasive biomarker.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Microbiota; Virulence Factors; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37124035
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159822 -
Obesity Surgery May 2022We aimed to assess the changes in composition of bacterial microbiota at two levels of the digestive tract: oral cavity and large intestine in patients 6 months after...
BACKGROUND
We aimed to assess the changes in composition of bacterial microbiota at two levels of the digestive tract: oral cavity and large intestine in patients 6 months after bariatric surgery.
METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study including patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Before surgery and 6 months after the procedure, oral swabs were obtained and stool samples were provided. Our endpoint was the analysis of the differences in compositions of oral and fecal microbiota prior and after the surgical treatment of obesity.
RESULTS
Bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes seemed to increase in abundance in both the oral cavity and the large intestine 6 months after surgery among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The subgroup analysis we conducted based on the volume of weight-loss revealed that patients achieving at least 50% of excess weight loss present similar results to the entire study group. Patients with less favorable outcomes presented an increase in the population of bacteria from phylum Fusobacteria and a decrease of phylum Firmicutes in oral cavity.
CONCLUSION
Intestinal microbiota among these patients underwent similar changes in composition to the rest of the study group. Bariatric surgery introduces a significant change in composition of oral and intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Laparoscopy; Obesity, Morbid; Prospective Studies; Weight Loss
PubMed: 35188608
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05954-9 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Sep 2023Studies try to explain the hypothesis that maternal periodontitis may be associated with preterm birth.
BACKGROUND
Studies try to explain the hypothesis that maternal periodontitis may be associated with preterm birth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a case-control study with 120, 40 cases (gestational age <37 weeks) and 80 controls (gestational age ≥37 weeks), that were submitted to the clinical periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm collection. Bacterial DNA of subgingival biofilm was performed and processed by qPCR.
RESULTS
Periodontitis was statistically significant in the Case group (35%) when compared to the Control group (11.2%) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), sites with PS ≥ 4mm and sites with CAL ≥ 5mm were statistically higher in the Case group (p < 0.05). The proportions of Pi (p = 0.026) and Fn (p = 0.041) of subgingival biofilm were higher in the Case group. A greater number of sites with PS ≥ 4mm (r = -0.202; p = 0.026) and CAL ≥ 5mm (r = -0.322; p < 0.001) were correlated to lower gestational age.
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontitis, preterm delivery, and/or low birth weight may have a possible relationship based on clinical parameters and the ratio of Pi and Fn at periodontal sites.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Infant; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Prevotella; Case-Control Studies; Premature Birth; Periodontitis
PubMed: 37622431
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25874 -
Biomolecules Aug 2021Irritable bowel syndrome is not a life-threatening disease, yet it significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to economic loss. It is estimated that even... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome is not a life-threatening disease, yet it significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to economic loss. It is estimated that even up to 45% of the world's population can suffer from the disease. The first attempts to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome were made at the end of the 19th century; however, establishing appropriate diagnostic criteria and treatment methods is still ongoing. To date, little is known about the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome; however, growing attention is drawn to the intestinal microbiota as a factor in the disease development. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on therapies that modulate the microbiota, among which probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are widely studied. To date, most studies have examined probiotics; however, there are also several studies demonstrating the efficacy of prebiotics and synbiotics. The aim of this review was to summarize findings on the usefulness of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidetes; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dysbiosis; Firmicutes; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Proteobacteria; Quality of Life; Synbiotics
PubMed: 34439821
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081154 -
Potential role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by periodontal pathogens in oral cancer.Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jan 2024With the increasing incidence of oral cancer in the world, it has become a hotspot to explore the pathogenesis and prevention of oral cancer. It has been proved there is... (Review)
Review
With the increasing incidence of oral cancer in the world, it has become a hotspot to explore the pathogenesis and prevention of oral cancer. It has been proved there is a strong link between periodontal pathogens and oral cancer. However, the specific molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontal pathogens-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to the progression of oral cancer. Cells undergoing EMT showed increased motility, aggressiveness and stemness, which provide a pro-tumour environment and promote malignant metastasis of oral cancer. Plenty of studies proposed periodontal pathogens promote carcinogenesis via EMT. In the current review, we discussed the association between the development of oral cancer and periodontal pathogens, and summarized various mechanisms of EMT caused by periodontal pathogens, which are supposed to play an important role in oral cancer, to provide targets for future research in the fight against oral cancer.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Mouth Neoplasms; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Carcinogenesis; Fusobacterium nucleatum
PubMed: 38031653
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18064 -
PloS One 2022This study examined the correlation between pancreatic microbiome and patients characteristics. Furthermore, we compared different duodenal materials to examine their...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
This study examined the correlation between pancreatic microbiome and patients characteristics. Furthermore, we compared different duodenal materials to examine their reflection of the pancreatic microbiome.
METHODS
Patients undergoing pancreatic surgery were included in the study. Characteristics of those patients were prospectively registered and sterile pancreatic biopsies were collected during surgery. After completion of the resection, duodenal fluid, -tissue and -swab were collected. Bacterial DNA was extracted and analyzed with IS-pro assay.
RESULTS
Paired samples of 51 patients were available for evaluation, including pancreatic biopsies from all patients, 22 duodenal fluids, 21 duodenal swabs and 11 duodenal tissues. The pancreatic microbiome consisted mostly of Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (FAFV) and Bacteroidetes. On species level, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter-Klebsiella were most abundant. In pancreatic biopsies, the total bacterial load and Proteobacteria load were significantly higher in patients with biliary drainage (54618.0 vs 5623.5; 9119.0 vs 2067.1). Patients who used proton pump inhibitors had a significantly higher total bacterial load (115964.7 vs 8495.8), more FAFV (66862.9 vs 1890.1), more Proteobacteria (24245.9 vs 2951.4) and more Bacteroidetes (542.5 vs 25.8). The head of the pancreas contained significantly more bacteria (21193.4 vs 2096.8) and more FAFV (5225.7 vs 19.0) compared to the tail, regardless of biliary drainage. Furthermore, the microbiome of all duodenal materials showed a weak correlation with the pancreatic microbiome.
CONCLUSION
Biliary drainage, use of proton pump inhibitors, and anatomic location of the pancreatic biopsy influence the pancreatic microbiome. Furthermore, the duodenal microbiome does not suffice as a surrogate for the pancreatic microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Microbiota; Duodenum; Pancreas; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Proteobacteria; Fusobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36525425
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278377 -
Microbiome Jan 2024Aquaculture plays an important role in global protein supplies and food security. The ban on antibiotics as feed additive proposes urgent need to develop alternatives....
BACKGROUND
Aquaculture plays an important role in global protein supplies and food security. The ban on antibiotics as feed additive proposes urgent need to develop alternatives. Gut microbiota plays important roles in the metabolism and immunity of fish and has the potential to give rise to novel solutions for challenges confronted by fish culture. However, our understanding of fish gut microbiome is still lacking.
RESULTS
We identified 575,856 non-redundant genes by metagenomic sequencing of the intestinal content samples of grass carp. Taxonomic and functional annotation of the gene catalogue revealed specificity of the gut microbiome of grass carp compared with mammals. Co-occurrence analysis indicated exclusive relations between the genera belonging to Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria/Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, suggesting two independent ecological groups of the microbiota. The association pattern of Proteobacteria with the gene expression modules of fish gut and the liver was consistently opposite to that of Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, implying differential functionality of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria/Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Therefore, the two ecological groups were considered as two functional groups, i.e., Functional Group 1: Proteobacteria and Functional Group 2: Fusobacteria/Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Further analysis revealed that the two functional groups differ in genetic capacity for carbohydrate utilization, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Finally, we proposed that the ratio of "Functional Group 2/Functional Group 1" can be used as a biomarker that efficiently reflects the structural and functional characteristics of the microbiota of grass carp.
CONCLUSIONS
The gene catalogue is an important resource for investigating the gut microbiome of grass carp. Multi-omics analysis provides insights into functional implications of the main phyla that comprise the fish microbiota and shed lights on targets for microbiota regulation. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Carps; Multiomics; Microbiota; Proteobacteria; Fusobacteria; Bacteroidetes; Firmicutes; Fusobacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mammals
PubMed: 38167330
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01715-7 -
Gastroenterology Mar 2017
Topics: Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28143770
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.024 -
Anaerobe Feb 2018Very long fusiform gram-negative bacilli were observed after Gram staining of amniotic fluid from a 36-year-old multigravida woman. At 24 hours, pure, abundant growth of...
Very long fusiform gram-negative bacilli were observed after Gram staining of amniotic fluid from a 36-year-old multigravida woman. At 24 hours, pure, abundant growth of smooth, gray, only slightly convex catalase-positive and oxidase-negative colonies measuring about 2 mm were observed. Growth was greater in anaerobic than in aerobic conditions. The bacterium was identified as Leptotrichia trevisanii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Ampicillin and gentamicin were prescribed for chorioamnionitis, and vaginal prostaglandins were administered to terminate the pregnancy. The patient remained afebrile throughout 48 hours and was discharged. Microscopic examination of the placenta revealed severe acute chorioamnionitis with a maternal inflammatory response and abundant bacillary-shaped microorganisms. To our knowledge, this isolate constitutes the first reported case of chorioamnionitis caused by L. trevisanii.
Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Fusobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Leptotrichia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 29155162
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.11.001 -
EMBO Reports Jul 2021Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a Gram-negative oral commensal, prevalent in various human diseases. It is unknown how this common commensal converts to a rampant...
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a Gram-negative oral commensal, prevalent in various human diseases. It is unknown how this common commensal converts to a rampant pathogen. We report that Fn secretes an adhesin (FadA) with amyloid properties via a Fap2-like autotransporter to enhance its virulence. The extracellular FadA binds Congo Red, Thioflavin-T, and antibodies raised against human amyloid β42. Fn produces amyloid-like FadA under stress and disease conditions, but not in healthy sites or tissues. It functions as a scaffold for biofilm formation, confers acid tolerance, and mediates Fn binding to host cells. Furthermore, amyloid-like FadA induces periodontal bone loss and promotes CRC progression in mice, with virulence attenuated by amyloid-binding compounds. The uncleaved signal peptide of FadA is required for the formation and stability of mature amyloid FadA fibrils. We propose a model in which hydrophobic signal peptides serve as "hooks" to crosslink neighboring FadA filaments to form a stable amyloid-like structure. Our study provides a potential mechanistic link between periodontal disease and CRC and suggests anti-amyloid therapies as possible interventions for Fn-mediated disease processes.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Biological Transport; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mice; Protein Sorting Signals; Virulence
PubMed: 34184813
DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152891