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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Kapok fiber (KF), with the characteristics of a natural hollow structure, light weight, and low density, can be used as acoustic and thermal insulation, buoyancy,...
Kapok fiber (KF), with the characteristics of a natural hollow structure, light weight, and low density, can be used as acoustic and thermal insulation, buoyancy, adsorption, filling, and composite material. The flame-retardant treatment can expand the functionality and application of KF. In this work, the phosphorylation of KF using phytic acid (PA) in the presence of urea at a high temperature was used to enhance its flame retardancy. The phosphorylation reaction conditions were discussed, and the surface topography, thermal degradation, heat release, and combustion properties of phosphorylated KF were studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the grafting of PA on cellulose by the formation of phosphate ester bonds. Due to the covalent binding of PA, phosphorylated KF exhibited good washing durability. The surface topography, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG), and microcalorimetry analyses revealed the excellent charring ability of phosphorylated KF. In the TG test in nitrogen, the char residue increased to 42.6% of phosphorylated KF from 8.3% of raw KF at 700 °C. In the vertical combustion, raw KF sheet was almost completely burned out within 30 s, while phosphorylated KF was very difficult to catch fire. In the microcalorimetry analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF decreased to 67 J/g∙K and 3.9 kJ/g, respectively from 237 J/g∙K and 18.1 kJ/g of raw KF. This work suggests that phosphorylated KF is an excellent flame-retardant material.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Phosphorylation; Hot Temperature; Acoustics; Adsorption; Flame Retardants
PubMed: 36499278
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314950 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jul 2021In order to improve early osseointegration and long-term survival rate of implants, a multifunctional titanium surface that promotes osteogenesis and antibacterial...
In order to improve early osseointegration and long-term survival rate of implants, a multifunctional titanium surface that promotes osteogenesis and antibacterial properties is expected. Incorporation of bioactive trace elements such as magnesium ions was proved a promising method to improve osseointegration of titanium. Phytic acid has strong chelating ability with multivalent cations, which has been used in surface modification. Moreover, phytic acid was proved antibacterial potential. Herein, to improve the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, a phytic acid-magnesium (PA-Mg) layer was introduced on titanium using phytic acid as a cross-linker molecule. No obvious changes of the surface characterization were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the PA-Mg layer covalently bond to the Ti surface, and the thickness of the PA-Mg layer was about 150 nm. Besides, improved hydrophilic and more protein adsorption were observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Notably, a relatively controlled magnesium release was also observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells showed better adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on Ti-PA-Mg samples, indicating improved biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Moreover, Ti-PA-Mg had better antibacterial properties against porphyromonas gingivalis than Ti. Overall, the PA-Mg layer on Ti surface improved the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, which may have promise for use in dental implantation.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Magnesium; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Phytic Acid; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 33872830
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111768 -
The New Phytologist Oct 2015Phytase activity was investigated in 13 lichen species using a novel assay method. The work tested the hypothesis that phytase is a component of the suite of...
Phytase activity was investigated in 13 lichen species using a novel assay method. The work tested the hypothesis that phytase is a component of the suite of surface-bound lichen enzymes that hydrolyse simple organic forms of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deposited onto the thallus surface. Hydrolysis of inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 , the substrate for phytase) and appearance of lower-order inositol phosphates (InsP5 -InsP1 ), the hydrolysis products, were measured by ion chromatography. Phytase activity in Evernia prunastri was compared among locations with contrasting rates of N deposition. Phytase activity was readily measurable in epiphytic lichens (e.g. 11.3 μmol InsP6 hydrolysed g(-1) h(-1) in Bryoria fuscescens) but low in two terricolous species tested (Cladonia portentosa and Peltigera membranacea). Phytase and phosphomonoesterase activities were positively correlated amongst species. In E. prunastri both enzyme activities were promoted by N enrichment and phytase activity was readily released into thallus washings. InsP6 was not detected in tree canopy throughfall but was present in pollen leachate. Capacity to hydrolyse InsP6 appears widespread amongst lichens potentially promoting P capture from atmospheric deposits and plant leachates, and P cycling in forest canopies. The enzyme assay used here might find wider application in studies on plant root-fungal-soil systems.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Lichens; Phytic Acid; Pollen; Species Specificity; Temperature
PubMed: 25963718
DOI: 10.1111/nph.13454 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2021Alginate hydrogels are extremely versatile and flexible biomaterials, with an enormous potential for bio-applications use. Their similarity with extracellular matrix is...
Alginate hydrogels are extremely versatile and flexible biomaterials, with an enormous potential for bio-applications use. Their similarity with extracellular matrix is a key factor in their performance for cell and tissue regeneration. In this study superabsorbent high porous hydrogels based on sodium alginate physical crosslinked with a natural crosslinker compound namely phytic acid were prepared and evaluated from the viewpoint of their specific properties. The resulting hydrogels obtained with different ratios between alginate and phytic acid were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique, scanning electron microscopy, XRD measurements, swelling tests in physiological environment, and thermal analysis by using a simultaneous TG/FT-IR/MS system. There are put into evidence the differences in physico-chemical properties of the hydrogels in relation with their composition, which endows them tunable properties and versatility.
Topics: Alginates; Hydrogels; Mass Spectrometry; Phytic Acid; Principal Component Analysis; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Temperature; Thermogravimetry; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 33798571
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.164 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Soymilk is a high-quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein...
BACKGROUND
Soymilk is a high-quality source of protein and minerals, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). However, phytic acid in soymilk restricts mineral and protein availability. We here investigated the effects of removing phytic acid on the physicochemical properties, mineral (Ca, Fe, and Zn) bioaccessibility, and protein digestibility of soymilk.
RESULTS
Physicochemical property analysis revealed that the removal of phytic acid reduced protein accumulation at the gastric stage, thereby facilitating soymilk matrix digestion. The removal of phytic acid significantly increased Zn bioaccessibility by 18.19% in low-protein soymilk and Ca and Fe bioaccessibility by 31.20% and 30.03%, respectively, in high-protein soymilk.
CONCLUSION
Removing phytic acid was beneficial for the hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight proteins and increased the soluble protein content in soymilk, which was conducive to protein digestion. This study offers a feasible guide for developing plant-based milk with high nutrient bioaccessibility. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Zinc; Soy Milk; Digestion; Iron; Calcium; Biological Availability; Humans; Soybean Proteins
PubMed: 38329463
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13367 -
Biomacromolecules Feb 2023Wood has been used in a variety of applications in our daily lives and military industry. Nevertheless, its flammability causes potential fire risks and hazards....
Wood has been used in a variety of applications in our daily lives and military industry. Nevertheless, its flammability causes potential fire risks and hazards. Improving the flame retardancy of wood is a challenging task. Herein, a phytic acid-based flame retardant (referred to as AMPA) was synthesized based on supramolecular reactions between melamine and -amino-benzene sulfonic acid followed by a reaction with phytic acid using deionized water as the solvent. A composite wood was prepared by removing lignin to tailor the unique mesoporous structure of the material, followed by coating AMPA on the surfaces of wood microchannels. The limiting oxygen index of wood has been improved to 52.5% with the addition of 5.6 wt % AMPA. The peak heat release rate for the prepared composite wood was reduced by 81% compared to that for delignified wood, which demonstrates the excellent flame-retardant performance of the prepared composite wood. Furthermore, AMPA and mesoporous structures endow antimicrobial and thermal insulation functions. Hence, this work provides a feasible method for preparing flame-retardant wood-based materials for diversified applications.
Topics: Flame Retardants; Phytic Acid; Wood; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 36716207
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01397 -
International Journal of Food... Nov 2014Ethiopian injera, a soft pancake, baked from fermented batter, is preferentially prepared from tef (Eragrostis tef) flour. The phytic acid (PA) content of tef is high...
Ethiopian injera, a soft pancake, baked from fermented batter, is preferentially prepared from tef (Eragrostis tef) flour. The phytic acid (PA) content of tef is high and is only partly degraded during the fermentation step. PA chelates with iron and zinc in the human digestive tract and strongly inhibits their absorption. With the aim to formulate a starter culture that would substantially degrade PA during injera preparation, we assessed the potential of microorganisms isolated from Ethiopian household-tef fermentations to degrade PA. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were found to be among the dominating microorganisms. Seventy-six isolates from thirteen different tef fermentations were analyzed for phytase activity and thirteen different isolates of seven different species were detected to be positive in a phytase screening assay. In 20-mL model tef fermentations, out of these thirteen isolates, the use of Lactobacillus (L.) buchneri strain MF58 and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain MF35 resulted in lowest PA contents in the fermented tef of 41% and 42%, respectively of its initial content. In comparison 59% of PA remained when spontaneously fermented. Full scale tef fermentation (0.6L) and injera production using L. buchneri MF58 as culture additive decreased PA in cooked injera from 1.05 to 0.34±0.02 g/100 g, representing a degradation of 68% compared to 42% in injera from non-inoculated traditional fermentation. The visual appearance of the pancakes was similar. The final molar ratios of PA to iron of 4 and to zinc of 12 achieved with L. buchneri MF58 were decreased by ca. 50% compared to the traditional fermentation. In conclusion, selected LAB strains in tef fermentations can degrade PA, with L. buchneri MF58 displaying the highest PA degrading potential. The 68% PA degradation achieved by the application of L. buchneri MF58 would be expected to improve human zinc absorption from tef-injera, but further PA degradation is probably necessary if iron absorption has to be increased.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Cooking; Eragrostis; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Lactobacillus; Pediococcus; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 25180667
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.018 -
Physiologia Plantarum 2023Rice with a black-colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well-known as an antioxidant-rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its...
Rice with a black-colored pericarp (hereafter, black rice) is well-known as an antioxidant-rich food, but a high grain phytic acid (PA) concentration affects its nutritional quality. However, phytic acid helps improve seedling vigor, which is crucial for enhancing subsequent plant growth. This study investigated the effect of seed phytic acid concentration in black rice on seedling vigor compared to the effects on white rice. In the first experiment, three phytic acid concentrations in the seeds of black rice, low (LPA, 15.5 mg g per seed), medium (MPA, 24.7 mg g per seed), and high (HPA, 35.4 mg g per seed) were tested for seedling vigor in phosphorus-deficient soils. The HPA seedlings showed substantially increased seedling vigor and shoot P uptake due to early root development and enhanced physiological processes. LPA grown seedlings showed increased ethylene production in response to P stress, which is the main physiological mechanism modulating seedling growth under P stress conditions. In the second experiment, the three phytic acid concentrations in black and white rice seeds were tested under low and high soil P conditions. Again, LPA seedlings showed significantly reduced seedling vigor in both rice varieties in P-deficient soils. Interestingly, seed phytic acid and external P application had an additive effect on seedling vigor, suggesting that the combined effect further improved seedling growth. Our results reveal that black rice seeds with a HPA concentration can be used as a seed source for planting in P-deficient ecosystems for rice plants as they can increase seedling vigor and subsequent growth, thus reducing dependence on finite P resources.
Topics: Seedlings; Phytic Acid; Oryza; Phosphorus; Soil; Biological Availability; Ecosystem; Seeds; Germination
PubMed: 37043305
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13913 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2019Inositol hexaphosphate (IP) and its parent compound myo-inositol (Ins) are active compounds from rice and other grains, with a broad spectrum of biological activities... (Review)
Review
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP) and its parent compound myo-inositol (Ins) are active compounds from rice and other grains, with a broad spectrum of biological activities important in health and diseases. However, the most striking is the anticancer effect of IP and Ins that has been actively investigated during the last decades. A consistent and reproducible anticancer action of IP has been demonstrated in various experimental models. IP reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation of malignant cells via PI3K, MAPK, PKC, AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Very few clinical studies in humans and case reports have indicated that IP is able to enhance the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapy, control cancer metastases, and improve quality of life. Reduced burden of chemotherapy side-effects in patients receiving IP alone or in combination with Ins has been reported. Because of the highly promising preclinical and emerging clinical data, large clinical trials and further mechanistic studies are warranted.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Edible Grain; Humans; Inositol; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31619624
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.S18 -
Biomolecules May 2023Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants,... (Review)
Review
Phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring carbohydrate, and its parent compound, myoinositol (Ins), is abundantly present in plants, particularly in certain high-fiber diets, but also in mammalian cells, where they regulate essential cellular functions. IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrants further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases. Here, we review IP6 as a promising compound that has the potential to be used in various areas of dentistry, including endodontics, restorative dentistry, implantology, and oral hygiene products, due to its unique structure and characteristic properties. Available as a dietary supplement, IP6 + Ins has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect associated with preventing and suppressing the progression of chronic dental inflammatory diseases. IP6 in dentistry is now substantial, and this narrative review presents and discusses the different applications proposed in the literature and gives insights into future use of IP6 in the fields of orthodontics, periodontics, implants, and pediatric dentistry.
Topics: Child; Humans; Inositol; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 37371493
DOI: 10.3390/biom13060913