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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Dec 2023The plant kingdom has long been considered a valuable source for therapeutic agents, however, some plant species still untapped and need to be phytochemically and...
BACKGROUND
The plant kingdom has long been considered a valuable source for therapeutic agents, however, some plant species still untapped and need to be phytochemically and biologically explored. Although several Atriplex species have been investigated in depth, A. leucoclada, a halophytic plant native to Saudi Arabian desert, remains to be explored for its phytochemical content and biological potentials. Herein, the current study investigated the metabolic content and the anti-inflammatory potential of A. leucoclada.
METHODS
Powdered aerial parts of the plant were defatted with n-hexane then the defatted powder was extracted with 80% methanol. n-Hexane extract (ATH) was analyzed using GC-MS, while the defatted extract (ATD) was subjected to different chromatographic methods to isolate the major phytoconstituents. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods including advanced NMR techniques. Anti-inflammatory activity of both extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were examined in vitro. Molecular docking of the identified compounds into the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes was conducted using pdb entries 6Y3C and 5IKV, respectively.
RESULTS
Phytochemical investigation of ATD extract led to purification and identification of nine compounds. Interestingly, all the compounds, except for 20-hydroxy ecdysone (1), are reported for the first time from A. leucoclada, also luteolin (6) and pallidol (8) are isolated for the first time from genus Atriplex. Inhibitory activity of ATD and ATH extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes revealed concentration dependent activity of both fractions with IC 41.22, 14.40 μg/ml for ATD and 16.74 and 5.96 μg/ml for ATH against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Both extracts displayed selectivity indices of 2.86 and 2.80, respectively as compared to 2.56 for Ibuprofen indicating a promising selectivity towards COX-2. Molecular docking study supported in vitro testing results, where purified metabolites showed binding affinity scores ranged from -9 to -6.4 and -8.5 to -6.6 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively, in addition the binding energies of GC-MS detected compounds ranged from -8.9 to -5.5 and -8.3 to -5.1 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively as compared to Ibuprofen (-6.9 and -7.5 kcal/mol, respectively), indicating high binding affinities of most of the compounds. Analysis of the binding orientations revealed variable binding patterns depending on the nature of the compounds. Our study suggested A. leucoclada as a generous source for anti-inflammatory agents.
Topics: Atriplex; Plant Extracts; Molecular Docking Simulation; Cyclooxygenase 2; Ibuprofen; Saudi Arabia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38104070
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04281-5 -
Natural Product Research Jul 2023This study investigated the content and biological activity of three solvent extracts of Franch (AR), which contains 12 types of phytochemicals. The overall yield and...
This study investigated the content and biological activity of three solvent extracts of Franch (AR), which contains 12 types of phytochemicals. The overall yield and total protein content of the aqueous extract were the highest, and it exhibited the highest hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging abilities, copper chelating abilities, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. Ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and carbohydrate contents, and it showed the highest iron chelating activity, and HClO- and nitrite-scavenging abilities. Methanol AR extract contained the highest total steroid and tannin contents; it also demonstrated high radical- and reactive oxygen species-scavenging abilities and had the best ferric reducing antioxidant power, which allowed it to effectively prevent -carotene bleaching. Methanol extract also showed good stability and low toxicity. All tested solvent extracts of AR exhibited weak enzyme-inhibitory activities for four enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase). Overall, AR can serve as a natural antioxidant.
Topics: Antioxidants; Adonis; Plant Extracts; Butyrylcholinesterase; Methanol; Acetylcholinesterase; Solvents; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 35045779
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2027937 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2021The genus Sargentodoxa comprises only one species, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd et al., widely distributed in the subtropical zone of China. The plant is... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus Sargentodoxa comprises only one species, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd et al., widely distributed in the subtropical zone of China. The plant is extensively used in traditional medicine for treating arthritis, joint pains, amenorrhea, acute appendicitis and inflammatory intestinal obstruction. Pharmacological studies show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-sepsis activities.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This review aims to summarize the information about distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of S. cuneata, as an attempt to provide a scientific basis for its traditional uses and to support its application and development for new drug development.
METHODOLOGY
Scientific information of S. cuneata was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, the Wiley online library, SciFinder, Baidu Scholar, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG DATA (up to March 2020). We also search doctoral dissertations, master dissertations conference papers and published books. The keywords were used: "Sargentodoxa", "Da Xue Teng", "Hong Teng", "Xue Teng", "secondary metabolites", "chemical components", "biological activity", "pharmacology", "traditional uses".
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
S. cuneata is utilized as valuable herbal medicines to treat various diseases in China. Over 110 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the stem of S. cuneata, including phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, lignans, flavones, triterpenoids and other compounds. The extract and compounds of S. cuneata have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-sepsis and anti-arthritis effects, as well as protective activity against cerebrovascular diseases.
CONCLUSION
S. cuneata has a rich legacy for the treatment of many diseases, especially arthritis and sepsis, which is reinforced by current investigations. However, the present studies about bioactive chemical constituents and detail pharmacological mechanisms of S. cuneata were insufficient. Further studies should focus on these aspects in relation to its clinical applications. This review has systematically summarized the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. cuneata, providing references for the therapeutic potential of new drug development.
Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals; Ranunculales
PubMed: 33460761
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113840 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Oct 2021Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional... (Review)
Review
Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, arthritis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, cardiopathy, hypertension and other related problems. These plants are rich in bioactive dibenzylisoquinoline and aborphine as well as small amounts of other ingredients. In recent years, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cissampelos genus have been paid more and more attention due to their diversity. Herein, we compile the chemical constituents and biological activities on this genus, and summarize the C-NMR data of the main bioactive ingredients. All information comes from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CNKI. It provides valuable data for the future research and development of Cissampelos genus.
Topics: Arthritis; Asthma; Cissampelos; Dysentery; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 34387021
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100358 -
Biomolecules Jun 2020Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world [...].
Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world [...].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biotechnology; Computational Biology; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 32575904
DOI: 10.3390/biom10060936 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2019Debregeasia salicifolia Rendle (DS) is used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases including; urinary system diseases, bone fractures, boils, diarrhea... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Debregeasia salicifolia Rendle (DS) is used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases including; urinary system diseases, bone fractures, boils, diarrhea accompanied with blood, carbuncles, pimples, dermatitis, skin rash, eczema, and tumors. Additionally, it is used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To document up to date information regarding D. salicifolia and link the traditional uses with its reported pharmacological evidences. The review covers taxonomy, distribution, traditional uses, active phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities for DS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The electronic databases such as Google Scholar, E-Resource Portal of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Scopus, PubMed, Springer Link, etc. as well as textbooks were used to gather all relevant information about DS.
RESULTS
Ethnomedicinal studies revealed a wide use of DS for various traditional purposes in the south Asian community. The uses for diarrhea, cancer, urinary complaints and skin diseases were supported by pharmacological studies. In-vitro pharmacological studies confirmed its therapeutic activities e.g. antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. Moreover, analgesic and anti-diarrheal activities were also established in animal's in-vivo activities. Despite enormous literature regarding DS, the main focus of research and interest was antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis proved the presence of various classes of phytochemicals in DS extract; triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, flavonoids and anthraquinone.
CONCLUSION
Though most of the traditional uses for the plant were supported by in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological studies, however lack of clinical trials and shortage of in-depth mechanistic in-vivo studies was noted in the review. Hence, more elaborative in-vivo studies with quality clinical trials may be focused in order to confirm the safety and efficacy of reported activities in humans which will help explore the plant's therapeutic potentials.
Topics: Animals; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Urticaceae
PubMed: 30453051
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.023 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jul 2021Daphne gnidium L., (Lazaz or Metnan) is a perennial plant that grows around the Mediterranean basin, in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. It is used in... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Daphne gnidium L., (Lazaz or Metnan) is a perennial plant that grows around the Mediterranean basin, in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. It is used in different countries for hair care and to treat several diseases including skin cancer, diabetes, nervous breakdowns, sinusitis, poisoning, rheumatic disorders, odontalgia, muscular pain, and gastrointestinal infections. It is also used as anti-inflammatory, insecticide, and anti-parasitic remedy.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
In this review, previous studies on D. gnidium including its botanical description, taxonomy, geographical distribution, medicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties were critically highlighted and discussed for suggesting the exploration of this specie and its bioactive compounds in medical applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data on D. gnidium were gathered from Scientific search engines including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, SciFinder, and Google Scholar. Reports on D. gnidium written in English published before September 2020 were summarized.
RESULTS
In traditional medicine, D. gnidium is used to treat diabetes, gastrointestinal infections, skin cancer, nervous breakdowns, and sinusitis. The extracts and essential oil of D. gnidium exhibited several biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antigenotoxic, hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, allelopathic, and insecticidal effects. Phytochemical investigations identified several chemical classes of secondary metabolites in D. gnidium essential oil and extracts including terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, fatty acids, and alkanes.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings presented in this study showed a link between the traditional medicinal use and scientific biological results about D. gnidium. However, further investigations should be carried out to support medical and cosmetic applications of this species. Indeed, D. gnidium and its main compounds should be confirmed concerning their safety and their bioavailability. Moreover, pharmacodynamic studies should be conducted to support their efficacy in medical applications.
Topics: Animals; Daphne; Ethnobotany; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Mediterranean Region; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 33865924
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114124 -
Pharmacological Research Mar 2018Murraya koenigii, a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family is widely distributed in Eastern-Asia and its medicinal properties are well documented in Ayurveda, the... (Review)
Review
Murraya koenigii, a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family is widely distributed in Eastern-Asia and its medicinal properties are well documented in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine. Through systematic research and pharmacological evaluation of different parts of the plant extracts has been shown to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antileishmanial, and antitumor activity. In the plant extracts, carbazole alkaloid, mahanine has been identified as the principle bioactive component among several other chemical constituents. Scientific evidence derived not only from in vitro cellular experiments but also from in vivo studies in various cancer models is accumulating for the pronounced anticancer effects of mahanine. The primary objective of this review is to summarize research data on cytotoxic chemical constituents present in different parts of Murraya koenigii and the anticancer activity of mahanine along with the recent understanding on the mechanism of its action in diverse cancer models. The information on its bioavailability and the toxicity generated from the recent studies have also been incorporated in the review.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbazoles; Humans; Murraya; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 29175114
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.024 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Thrombocytopenia is a clinical manifestation that refers to the low platelet count, i.e., <150 × 103/μL, of blood, resulting in imbalanced hemostasis, which leads to... (Review)
Review
Thrombocytopenia is a clinical manifestation that refers to the low platelet count, i.e., <150 × 103/μL, of blood, resulting in imbalanced hemostasis, which leads to several fatal complications. The causative factors vary greatly, but, as a consequence, they interfere with platelet production and promote destruction, leading to death. Carica papaya leaf has unique therapeutic and medicinal characteristics against thrombocytopenia, and this is supported by scientific studies. Secondary metabolites and minerals in the leaf, such as carpaine and quercetin, promote platelet production, inhibit platelet destruction, and maintain platelet membrane through gene expression activity and the ceasing of viral proteases, respectively. This review explores the scientific studies that support the role of papaya leaf in the form of juice, extract, or powder against thrombocytopenia through animal modeling and clinical trials. Phytochemical profiles of C. papaya leaf revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which impart therapeutic potential to the leaf. The therapeutic benefits of the leaf include immunomodulatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimalarial, antiangiogenic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Several conducted scientific research studies have proved the efficacy of C. papaya leaf against thrombocytopenia, expanding the implication of natural sources to eradicate numerous ailments.
Topics: Animals; Carica; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 35566112
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092760 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2020Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae) has long been used as a traditional medicine in India, China, Sri Lanka, Australia, and Myanmar in the treatment of diarrhea, ulcer,... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae) has long been used as a traditional medicine in India, China, Sri Lanka, Australia, and Myanmar in the treatment of diarrhea, ulcer, anemia, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This review provides a systematic comment on the botany, traditional uses, and phytochemical and pharmacological studies of F. hispida, with an aim to make critical update of the current knowledge and obtain opportunities for further therapeutic potential.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The information was derived from scientific literature databases including PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Additional information was gathered from books, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, and unpublished materials.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
F. hispida is used especially in Chinese and Indian traditional medical systems as a remedy for skin disorders, respiratory diseases, and urinary diseases. Wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, sedative, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antineoplastic, and antidiabetic activities have been reported for crude extracts and isolated metabolites, but the methodologies in these studies often have inadequate design and low technical quality. More than 76 compounds have been isolated from F.hispida, including sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenylpropionic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, alkaloids, steroids, other glycosides, and alkanes, but the method of bioassay-guided fractionation is seldom applied in the isolation from F. hispida.
CONCLUSION
F. hispida is used widely in traditional medicines and has multiple pharmacological effects that could support traditional uses. However, pharmacological studies should be viewed with caution because of the inappropriate experimental design. More in vitro and in vivo research is urgently needed to study the molecular mechanisms and assess the effective and safe dose of F. hispida.
Topics: Animals; Ficus; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Preparations
PubMed: 31669442
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112204