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Food & Function Apr 2022Breast cancer accounts for 11.7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and has become the leading cause of cancer worldwide. Currently, more effective and less toxic... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer accounts for 11.7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and has become the leading cause of cancer worldwide. Currently, more effective and less toxic chemopreventive strategies for breast cancer are urgently needed. Notably, naturally occurring dietary phytochemical compounds, such as curcumin and resveratrol, are generally considered to be the most promising breast cancer preventive agents. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a key regulatory role in the expression of multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzymes, which can effectively suppress the excessive accumulation of carcinogens and their metabolites. Therefore, modulation of Nrf2 by dietary phytochemicals appears to be a promising approach for breast cancer prevention, which further removes excessive carcinogenic metabolites by inducing Phase II cytoprotective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In this review, we summarize recently published findings on the prevention of breast cancer with potential natural phytochemical compounds targeting Nrf2, as well as a mechanistic discussion of Nrf2 activation and its contribution in inhibiting breast cancer carcinogenesis. The epigenetic regulation of Nrf2 by phytochemicals is also explored.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Chemoprevention; Epigenesis, Genetic; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Phytochemicals; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35373233
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00186a -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Invasive plant species (IAS), with their numerous negative ecological, health, and economic impacts, represent one of the greatest conservation challenges in the world....
Invasive plant species (IAS), with their numerous negative ecological, health, and economic impacts, represent one of the greatest conservation challenges in the world. Reducing the negative impacts and potentially exploiting the biomass of these plant species can significantly contribute to sustainable management, protect biodiversity, and create a healthy environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential, phytochemical status, and antioxidant capacity of nine alien invasive plant species: , , , , , , , , and . Multivariate statistical methods such as cluster and PCA were performed to determine possible connections and correlations among selected IAS depending on the phytochemical content. According to the obtained results, was notable with the highest content of vitamin C (38.46 mg/100 g FW); while (1365.92 mg GAE/100 g FW) showed the highest values of total polyphenolic compounds. was characterized by the highest content of total chlorophylls (0.26 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (2221.97 µmol TE/kg). Therefore, it can be concluded that the selected IAS represent nutrient-rich plant material with significant potential for the recovering of bioactive compounds.
Topics: Biomass; Introduced Species; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants
PubMed: 34206657
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133814 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2023(family Amaryllidaceae) is used empirically for medicinal purposes. It is distributed throughout Asian countries, especially Indonesia. This study aimed at...
(family Amaryllidaceae) is used empirically for medicinal purposes. It is distributed throughout Asian countries, especially Indonesia. This study aimed at standardizing the plant, analyzing its phytochemical profile, and evaluating its pharmacological effects. The powder from each organ (root, stem, and leaves) was standardized organoleptically and microscopically. Samples were extracted by graded maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were determined for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant (radical scavenging and metal ion reduction) and antityrosinase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were analysed for phytochemical profiles by LC-ESI-MS. The highest TPC and TFC were found in the ethanolic extract of the root organ (68.63 ± 2.97 mg GAE/g) and the ethyl acetate extract of the stem (14.33 ± 0.71 mg QE/g extract). High antioxidant activities were found in the ethanolic root extract (20.42 ± 0.33 g/mL) and ethanolic stem extract (45.65 ± 0.77 g/mL) by DPPH• and NO• assays, respectively. The ion reduction activity (by CUPRAC assay) was most significant in the ethyl acetate stem extract (390.42 ± 14.49 mol GAEAC/g extract). Ethanolic root extract was the most active in inhibiting tyrosinase (IC value of 108.5 g/mL). The correlation matrix between TPC and antioxidant activities showed a moderate to robust correlation, whereas the TPC and antityrosinase activity showed a robust correlation. The TFC and antioxidant or antityrosinase activities showed a weak to moderate correlation. The LC-ESI-MS data identified major phenols in the active extracts, including methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoate, quercetin, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid-1, and curculigoside. Overall, this study suggests that extracts from the plant offer potent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities, allowing them to be used as natural antioxidants and candidates for skin-lightening compounds.
Topics: Antioxidants; Curculigo; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Phenols; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37829602
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5785259 -
Current Vascular Pharmacology 2017There has been an increasing interest in the usage of natural products for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular... (Review)
Review
There has been an increasing interest in the usage of natural products for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains has been shown to be negatively correlated with the risk of CVDs. These foods provide a diversity of nutrients and different bioactive compounds including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals and fibers which play critical roles in the sustainability of optimal cardiovascular health. Plant-based foods or a nutritional cure are gradually being integrated into medical practice for CVD management partly due to the supporting experimental studies, clinical trials and epidemiological studies. These products have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic and hypocholesterolemic effects, depending on the dosage in cell and tissue cultures, animal models as well as in humans. The present review considers some novel ideas on some major phytochemicals which have been suggested to have protective and therapeutic potential in CVD. The data presented in this work have been compiled from studies that have mostly been carried out in recent years.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Food; Fruit; Humans; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Risk; Vegetables
PubMed: 28056757
DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170105122616 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2021Today, the occurrence and recurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains and comorbidities are the main reasons for long-term morbidity and mortality from...
BACKGROUND
Today, the occurrence and recurrence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains and comorbidities are the main reasons for long-term morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis from the nasty acid-fast pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, discovering and developing well-tolerated and non-toxic antituberculosis regimens are directly needed to defend the variants strains of M. tuberculosis and, alternatively, support WHO's 'END-TB' campaign.
OBJECTIVE
Alternatively, phytochemicals from various common and medicinal plants have always been vital therapeutic agents since the primitive era. Thus, proper scientific documentation as diversity, potency, structure, drug-chemistry and overall critical analysis are essential tools to accelerate the phytochemical-based anti-TB drug development.
METHODS
In the present review, we have used some specific keywords such as 'antituberculosis phytochemicals', &; antituberculosis phytochemicals from plant source&; 'natural products against tuberculosis' in Google, PubMed, ScienceDirect sites to get more appropriate research publications. Further, based on lower minimum inhibitory concentration within fifty μ g/mL, a total of twohundred- twenty-one bioactive anti-TB phytochemicals were selected for critical drug-chemistry and structural activity relationship analyses to select most potential 'lead candidate' for anti-TB drug development.
RESULTS
Based on lower concentration, abietane, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, ergosterol peroxide, mono-O-methyl curcumin isoxazole, 7-methyljuglone, 12-demethylmulticaulin, 12-methyl-5- dehydroacetylhorminone, tryptanthrin, etc. are some of the potential anti-TB phytochemicals. Interestingly, existing and clinical drug pipelines for TB contain several active phytochemical pharmacophores illustrated from the structural analysis.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, updated experimental documentation and structural-cum-critical drugchemistry analysis on isolated antituberculosis phytochemicals at the primary level are more beneficial for drug developers, R&D centres, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate anti-TB drug development using phytochemicals.
Topics: Humans; Phytochemicals; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 34225624
DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210705170510 -
Review on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological evidence of Himalayan anticancer plants.Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2015Himalayan plants have 6500 years old history of being using as traditional medicines. Inhabitants of the region use indigenous knowledge for the preparation of various... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Himalayan plants have 6500 years old history of being using as traditional medicines. Inhabitants of the region use indigenous knowledge for the preparation of various herbal recipes in order to treat different kinds of cancer. The aim of this review is to provide ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological overview of Himalayan medicinal plants having anticancer potential. This will provide a baseline for the discovery of new anticancer drugs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 155 articles (mostly published) were reviewed by using online search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and floras of different Himalayan countries.
RESULTS
Sixty four anticancer medicinal plants were documented belonging to 59 genera and 37 families. Majority of 42 plants were reported from India followed by 17 from Pakistan. Traditional healers in the region mostly prepare ethnomedicinal recipes from leaves (32% plants) and roots (30% plants) in the form of decoction. Thirty plants had reported anticancer related pharmacological and phytochemical activities. Of these, 27 plants were tested in-vitro on cellular models while 16 plants for in-vivo activities. Methanolic, ethanolic and ethylacetate extracts of plants have shown excellent cytotoxic activities against breast, stomach and blood cancers' cell lines. Total 14 active secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, glycosides, terpenoids, lignans and alkynes from the studied plants were reported active against different cancer cell lines. Plants such as Bergenia ciliata, Argemone mexicana, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Centella asiatica had toxic effects on the living systems at higher doses when studied in-vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
Certain Himalayan medicinal plants present therapeutic properties against different types of cancer. However, not all of the plants have been fully analysed for in vitro, in vivo and toxicological activities, and isolation of secondary metabolites. Further ethnomedicinal studies would help in identifying potential medicinal plant species in the region to be analysed for detailed anticancer activities.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; China; Humans; India; Magnoliopsida; Medicine, Traditional; Neoplasms; Nepal; Pakistan; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 25680842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.003 -
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Jan 2018The chemical compositions of Anemone raddeana Rhizome, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, were reviewed, along with its bioactivity and pharmacological properties... (Review)
Review
The chemical compositions of Anemone raddeana Rhizome, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, were reviewed, along with its bioactivity and pharmacological properties and method improvements of extracting and detecting triterpenoid saponins. A. raddeana Rhizome is used to treat neuralgia and rheumatism, and is rich in triterpenoid saponins, most of which are pentacyclic, with oleanane as the nucleus. So far, 37 triterpenoid saponins have been determined from the herb. Its reported bioactivity and pharmacological properties have been described as anticancerous, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsive, antihistaminic, and sedative. It has also been used for the induction of the humoral immune response and treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis. However, the herb also has hemolytic effects and can be toxic, which limits its clinical application. Further studies are needed on the pharmaceutical functions, mechanisms, and immunological responses to contribute to the herb's clinical applications.
Topics: Anemone; Animals; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rhizome
PubMed: 28986812
DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2901-2 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2018Pedalium murex is a fruit-bearing annual herb, native to South India, Mexico and tropical Africa. The plant is widely used to treat numerous diseases including gastric... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Pedalium murex is a fruit-bearing annual herb, native to South India, Mexico and tropical Africa. The plant is widely used to treat numerous diseases including gastric ulcer, asthma, heart problems, anti inflammatory activity and particularly urinary disorders. Traditional medicine has become a skilled approach by means of rational values in handling a variety of diseases and developing an affordable phytotherapy. It is proclaimed that P.murex is an expensive source of unique bioactive compounds for the development of natural medicines against various diseases.
CONCLUSION
This review provides the details of ethno pharmacological importance of P. murex, as well as its composition of phytochemicals, biological activities and traditional usage. Also provides a source for future studies such as isolation of bioactive components and mechanism of action of this plant extract.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pedaliaceae; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 29864930
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.177 -
Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2019Linum usitatissimum L., known as common Flax or linseed, from the family Linnaceae, has long been cultivated in different nations due to its applications in medicine and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Linum usitatissimum L., known as common Flax or linseed, from the family Linnaceae, has long been cultivated in different nations due to its applications in medicine and industry. The present study aims to collect nearly all available information about chemical constituents of Flax, as well as pharmacological properties and confirmed clinical usages of it.
METHODS
We searched through databases such as Scopus and PubMed for relevant literature using the keywords: Linum usitatissimum, pharmacology and phytochemical from the beginning to 13 Aug 2017. Nearly 60 relevant papers, relating to a pharmacological and phytochemical constituent of L. usitatissimum were selected.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to our researches, various properties were attributed to L. usitatisimum including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, analgesic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-tumor, wound healing and Feticidal activities. There were also many reports on disease prevention and healing properties of the flax. Diseases like: GI disorders, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory diseases and some neurological syndromes were mentioned to be treated by Flax. The application of Flax in drug formulations was also investigated.
CONCLUSION
Despite so much animal studies that have been accomplished, there have not been enough clinical trials done on pharmacological properties of L. usitatissimum. Therefore, this study could be considered as a concise and up to date overview for further facile studies and clinical trials over the valuable plant, L. usitatissimum.
Topics: Animals; Flax; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 29779483
DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180521101136 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2023Several coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), can cause respiratory infections in...
OBJECTIVE
Several coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), can cause respiratory infections in humans. To address the need for reliable anti-coronavirus therapeutics, we screened 16 active phytochemicals selected from medicinal plants used in traditional applications for respiratory-related illnesses.
METHODS
An initial screen was completed using HCoV-OC43 to identify compounds that inhibit virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell death inhibition. Then the top hits were validated in vitro against both HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 by determining virus titer in cell supernatant and virus-induced cell death. Finally, the most active phytochemical was validated in vivo in the SARS-CoV-2-infected B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J mouse model.
RESULTS
The phytochemicals lycorine (LYC), capsaicin, rottlerin (RTL), piperine and chebulinic acid (CHU) inhibited HCoV-OC43-induced cytopathic effect and reduced viral titres by up to 4 log. LYC, RTL and CHU also suppressed virus replication and cell death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In vivo, RTL significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced mortality by ∼40% in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing K18 mice.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, these studies indicate that RTL and other phytochemicals have therapeutic potential to reduce SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infections.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Coronavirus OC43, Human; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37339711
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106893