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Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jan 2017The study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic moderate exercise on regulation of intracellular calcium signaling as an important link to proliferation capacity...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic moderate exercise on regulation of intracellular calcium signaling as an important link to proliferation capacity in murine splenic T lymphocytes.
METHODS
Male CD1 Swiss mice were randomly assigned either to a control group (CG) or an exercise training group (EG). EG mice performed voluntary exercise for 3 months. Lymphocytes were isolated from murine spleens and intracellular calcium was determined by using Fura-2(AM) and fluorescence spectrometry. The combination of flow cytometry and carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling technique was used for determination of cell proliferation. The expression levels of Ca-regulating genes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis.
RESULTS
Basal [Ca]i was significantly higher in mice from the EG compared with mice of the CG (P < 0.001, n = 6). Similarly, [Ca]i transients after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and the anti-CD3 antibody induced were significantly increased in mice from the EG (P < 0.05, n = 5). However, no differences were found after stimulation with thapsigargin (P < 0.05, n = 5). CD3 T cells from EG showed higher mitogen-induced proliferation levels than from CG (P < 0.05/0.01, n = 5). The mRNA expression of cellular Ca-regulating genes, such as STIM1, Cav2.3, TRPV4, IP3R2, ORAI1, MCU, TRPM5, and TRPC1, were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05/0.01, n = 5).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that chronic moderate exercise improves intracellular Ca signaling in murine splenic lymphocytes. The enhanced availability of the second messenger Ca is followed by an improved cellular function such as cell proliferation. The downregulation of Ca homeostasis-related factor expression might be considered as a self-protective mechanism against elevated intracellular Ca signals.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; CD3 Complex; Calcium Signaling; Cell Proliferation; Concanavalin A; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Male; Mice; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Phytohemagglutinins; Random Allocation; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 27525377
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001080 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2022Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin notably produced by and spp. fermentation extract (BSFE) contains specific enzymes which hydrolyse OTA. This study evaluated the...
INTRODUCTION
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin notably produced by and spp. fermentation extract (BSFE) contains specific enzymes which hydrolyse OTA. This study evaluated the efficiency of BSFE in ameliorating the immunotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of OTA in broiler chickens.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Day-old broiler chicks were divided equally into four groups of ten: control, OTA (0.5 mg/kg feed), BSFE product (1 mL/L water) and OTA + BSFE at the same concentrations. The chicks were vaccinated against avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis, and lymphoproliferation was induced in all birds by phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). Serum samples were taken before sacrifice and organ tissue samples were taken after, in which renal function biomarkers were assayed and the presence of OTA residue was evaluated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Protein markers of apoptosis were determined by qPCR, and tissue lesions were examined histopathologically.
RESULTS
Exposure to OTA significantly decreased the antibody response to the vaccines and the lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P, and significantly elevated the renal function indicators: serum urea, uric acid and creatinine. It also induced oxidative stress (reduced catalase activity and glutathione concentration), lipid peroxidation (increased malondialdehyde content), apoptosis (increased and and decreased gene levels) and pathological lesions in kidney, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus tissue. Residues of OTA were detected in the serum and tissue. BSFE mitigated most of these toxic effects.
CONCLUSION
BSFE counters OTA-induced immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity because of its content of carboxypeptidase and protease enzymes.
PubMed: 35892096
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0030 -
American Journal of Hematology Aug 2015Immune function abnormalities have been reported in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and, rarely, in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), and... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Immune function abnormalities have been reported in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and, rarely, in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), but large systematic studies are lacking. We assessed immunological parameters in 118 patients with these syndromes and 202 unaffected relatives. We compared the results in patients with reference values, and with values in relatives after adjusting for age, sex, corticosteroid treatment, and severe bone marrow failure (BMF). Adult patients (≥18 years) with FA had significantly lower immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), total lymphocytes, and CD4 T cells than reference values or adult relatives (P < 0.001); children with FA had normal values. Both children and adults with FA had lower B- and NK cells (P < 0.01) than relatives or reference values. Patients with DC had essentially normal immunoglobulins but lower total lymphocytes than reference values or relatives, and lower T-, B-, and NK-cells; these changes were more marked in children than adults (P < 0.01). Most patients with DBA and SDS had normal immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. Lymphoproliferative responses, serum cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, and cytokine levels in supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures were similar across patient groups and relatives. Only patients with severe BMF, particularly those with FA and DC, had higher serum G-CSF and Flt3-ligand and lower RANTES levels compared with all other groups or relatives (P < 0.05). Overall, immune function abnormalities were seen mainly in adult patients with FA, which likely reflects their disease-related progression, and in children with DC, which may be a feature of early-onset severe disease phenotype.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow Diseases; Bone Marrow Failure Disorders; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Dyskeratosis Congenita; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Family; Fanconi Anemia; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant; Interferon-gamma; Killer Cells, Natural; Lipomatosis; Male; Membrane Proteins; Phytohemagglutinins; Primary Cell Culture; Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 25963299
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24046 -
Mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation and cytokine production in major depressive disorder patients.BMC Psychiatry Oct 2018Major depressive disorder (MDD) is related to human's immune status, and immunological indicators such as mitogen stimulated cell proliferation and cytokines may become...
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is related to human's immune status, and immunological indicators such as mitogen stimulated cell proliferation and cytokines may become candidate biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
METHODS
One hundred diagnosed major depressive disorder subjects and 100 health controls were enrolled in this study. Phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferations and cytokine concentrations were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both groups. The corresponding stimulated responses were conducted and confirmed in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice.
RESULTS
Compared to the people in control group, there were lower cell proliferations and lower TNF-α produced in lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in depression patients, lower IL-2 and IL-10 produced in phytohaemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in depression patients, higher IL-6, IL-10 and lower IL-2 secretions were detected in peripheral plasma in depression patients. In CUMS mice we found lower splenocyte proliferations, lower IL-1α productions and higher IL-6 secretions in lipopolysaccharide stimulated splenocytes. It seems lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferation activities were inhibited in depressive states.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower lipopolysaccharide stimulated cell proliferation and phytohaemagglutinin stimulated or plasma cytokine IL-2 decreases should be potential monitoring indices in the depressive state assessment for major depressive disorder patients.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1alpha; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 30314474
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1906-5 -
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal... Jan 2015This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control - macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.
PubMed: 25557685
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0066 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Aberrant expression of glycans, i.e., oligosaccharide moiety covalently attached to proteins or lipids, is characteristic of various cancers, including urothelial ones....
Aberrant expression of glycans, i.e., oligosaccharide moiety covalently attached to proteins or lipids, is characteristic of various cancers, including urothelial ones. The binding of lectins to glycans is classified as molecular recognition, which makes lectins a strong tool for understanding their role in developing diseases. Here, we present a quantitative approach to tracing glycan-lectin interactions in cells, from the initial to the steady phase of adhesion. The cell adhesion was measured between urothelial cell lines (non-malignant HCV29 and carcinoma HT1376 and T24 cells) and lectin-coated surfaces. Depending on the timescale, single-cell force spectroscopy, and adhesion assays conducted in static and flow conditions were applied. The obtained results reveal that the adhesion of urothelial cells to two specific lectins, i.e., phytohemagglutinin-L and wheat germ agglutinin, was specific and selective. Thus, these lectins can be applied to selectively capture, identify, and differentiate between cancer types in a label-free manner. These results open up the possibility of designing lectin-based biosensors for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and developing strategies for drug delivery that could target cancer-associated glycans.
Topics: Humans; Lectins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Phytohemagglutinins; Wheat Germ Agglutinins; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 37175920
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098213 -
Biological Psychiatry Mar 2017Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Varied immunological findings have been...
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Varied immunological findings have been reported in children with ASD. To address the question of heterogeneity in immune responses, we sought to examine the diversity of immune profiles within a representative cohort of boys with ASD.
METHODS
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male children with ASD (n = 50) and from typically developing age-matched male control subjects (n = 16) were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin. Cytokine production was assessed after stimulation. The ASD study population was clustered into subgroups based on immune responses and assessed for behavioral outcomes.
RESULTS
Children with ASD who had a proinflammatory profile based on lipopolysaccharide stimulation were more developmentally impaired as assessed by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. They also had greater impairments in social affect as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. These children also displayed more frequent sleep disturbances and episodes of aggression. Similarly, children with ASD and a more activated T cell cytokine profile after phytohemagglutinin stimulation were more developmentally impaired as measured by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
CONCLUSIONS
Children with ASD may be phenotypically characterized based upon their immune profile. Those showing either an innate proinflammatory response or increased T cell activation/skewing display a more impaired behavioral profile than children with noninflamed or non-T cell activated immune profiles. These data suggest that there may be several possible immune subphenotypes within the ASD population that correlate with more severe behavioral impairments.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Chemokine CCL2; Child, Preschool; Cytokines; Endophenotypes; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Phytohemagglutinins
PubMed: 26493496
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.036 -
Journal of Interferon & Cytokine... Sep 2014Endurance exercise can cause immunosuppression and increase the risk of upper respiratory illness. The present study examined changes in the secretion of T helper (Th)...
Endurance exercise can cause immunosuppression and increase the risk of upper respiratory illness. The present study examined changes in the secretion of T helper (Th) cell cytokines after endurance exercise. Ten highly trained road cyclists [mean±SEM: age 24.2±1.7 years; height 1.82±0.02 m; body mass 73.8±2.0 kg; peak oxygen uptake 65.9±2.3 mL/(kg•min)] performed 2 h of cycling exercise at 90% of the second ventilatory threshold. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Plasma cortisol concentrations and the concentration of Th1/Th2/Th17 cell cytokines were examined. Data were analyzed using both traditional statistics and magnitude-based inferences. Results revealed a significant decrease in plasma cortisol at 4-24 h postexercise compared with pre-exercise values. Qualitative analysis revealed postexercise changes in concentrations of plasma cortisol, IL-2, TNF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A compared with pre-exercise values. A Th1/Th2 shift was evident immediately postexercise. Furthermore, for multiple cytokines, including IL-2 and TNF (Th1), IL-6 and IL-10 (Th2), and IL-17 (Th17), no meaningful change in concentration occurred until more than 4 h postexercise, highlighting the duration of exercise-induced changes in immune function. These results demonstrate the importance of considering "clinically" significant versus statistically significant changes in immune cell function after exercise.
Topics: Adult; Bicycling; Body Mass Index; Cytokines; Exercise; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Oxygen; Physical Endurance; Phytohemagglutinins; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Ventilation; Young Adult
PubMed: 24673178
DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0031 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Prenatal maternal exposure to air pollution may cause adverse health effects in offspring, potentially through altered immune responses. Maternal psychosocial distress...
Prenatal maternal exposure to air pollution may cause adverse health effects in offspring, potentially through altered immune responses. Maternal psychosocial distress can also alter immune function and may increase gestational vulnerability to air pollution exposure. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered immune responses in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and potential modification by maternal depression in 463 women recruited in early pregnancy (1999-2001) into the Project Viva longitudinal cohort. We estimated black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM), residential proximity to major roadways, and near-residence traffic density, averaged over pregnancy. Women reported depressive symptoms in mid-pregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and depression history by questionnaire. Immune responses were assayed by concentrations of three cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), in unstimulated or stimulated (phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cockroach extract (Bla g 2), house dust mite extract (Der f 1)) CBMCs. Using multivariable linear or Tobit regression analyses, we found that CBMCs production of IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-10 were all lower in mothers exposed to higher levels of PM during pregnancy. A suggestive but not statistically significant pattern of lower cord blood cytokine concentrations from ever (versus never) depressed women exposed to PM, BC, or traffic was also observed and warrants further study.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Depression; Female; Humans; Immunity; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34064967
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105062 -
Cytokine Jun 2018Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. However, most of these drugs present side effects causing obesity and other serious...
Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. However, most of these drugs present side effects causing obesity and other serious metabolic alterations that correlate with grade of chronic inflammation. In contrast, ziprasidone's (ZIP) metabolic side effects are attenuated relative to those of other antipsychotic drugs, but some reports suggest that this drug could cause allergic, hypersensitive reactions in susceptible patients. At present, the mechanism of ZIP's effect on peripheral inflammatory metabolism is not well characterized. We conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the effect of ZIP on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.1). Our results showed that in non-activated macrophage cells, ZIP exposure initiated macrophage spreading; increased cellular proliferation, as evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry assays; and presented higher levels of oxidant molecules involved in the inflammatory response (nitric oxide, superoxide, reactive oxygen species), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, INFγ). Levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine were lower in ZIP-exposed cells. These effects were less potent than those caused by the positive control for inflammation induction (phytohemagglutinin), and more intense than the effects of lithium (LI), which was used as an anti-inflammatory molecule. ZIP also modulated cytokine gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest that ZIP can produce a peripheral inflammatory response, and this response may explain the allergen-inflammatory response observed in some patients treated with this antipsychotic drug.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Biomarkers; Cell Cycle; Cytokines; Inflammation; Macrophages; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Piperazines; RAW 264.7 Cells; Thiazoles
PubMed: 29103822
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.017