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Journal of Chromatography. B,... Nov 2022Vitamins and minerals are usually incorporated in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, but a simple, rapid, and inexpensive analytical method for their...
Simultaneous determination of vitamin B and magnesium using capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection: Method development, validation, and application to pharmaceutical and nutraceutical samples.
Vitamins and minerals are usually incorporated in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, but a simple, rapid, and inexpensive analytical method for their simultaneous determination is still lacking. In this study, we developed a quantification method for pyridoxine (vitamin B) and magnesium (Mg) by using purpose-made capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-CD) instrument. Main analytical conditions include: fused silica capillary (total length 55 cm, effective length 40 cm, inner diameter 50 μm); background electrolyte consisted of 10 mM L-arginine/acetic acid (pH 5) with 20% acetonitrile; separation voltage + 20 kV; hydrodynamic injection (siphoning at 20 cm in 25 s). Detection limits of vitamin B and Mg were 1 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Good linearity (R > 0.999) was observed for vitamin B and Mg calibration curves over concentration ranges of 3-100 and 0.3-200 mg/L, respectively. The method was applied to analyze vitamin B and Mg in several pharmaceutical and nutraceutical samples. The analytical results obtained by our method were in good agreement with reference methods (i.e., HPLC for vitamin B and ICP-OES for Mg). High-efficient and low-cost CE-CD method can accordingly serve as a promising tool for concurrent analysis of inorganic and organic species in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical analysis.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Arginine; Dietary Supplements; Electric Conductivity; Electrolytes; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Magnesium; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pyridoxine; Silicon Dioxide; Vitamin B 6; Vitamins
PubMed: 36174264
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123471 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Oct 2022Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world, bariatric surgeries are on the rise and necessitate life-long surveillance for deficiencies; hence the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world, bariatric surgeries are on the rise and necessitate life-long surveillance for deficiencies; hence the recommended vitamin supplementation in these patients. However, inadequate multivitamin supplementation may induce vitamin B6 overload.
METHODS
We reviewed all vitamin B6 dosages at the university hospitals of Poitiers, Tours, Bordeaux, and Limoges for the past 5 to 8 years. Analyses were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a fluorescence detector on whole blood samples.
RESULTS
During the study period, there was an increase in the number of vitamin B6 dosages. Deficiencies were detected early in Poitiers and Limoges, but were negligible by 2020. However, during the same time period, the number of overdoses increased, reaching close to 40% of dosages at all centers.
CONCLUSIONS
Pyridoxin overload is not possible through food-derived pyridoxin; hence, combined with the fact that most vitamin supplements contain vitamin B6, inadequate vitamin supplementation is likely the cause of the observed increase in overdoses. High doses of vitamin B6 can induce polyneuropathy, particularly targeting motor neurons; thus, the increase of overdoses is worrying. In light of the possible risks and the ease with which these could be averted (better formulation of supplements), the precaution principle requires a definition of clear guidelines for vitamin supplementation, especially in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamins
PubMed: 35810581
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111738 -
Neurocritical Care Feb 2023The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pyridoxine deficiency, measured by pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) levels, in patients admitted to the hospital...
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pyridoxine deficiency, measured by pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) levels, in patients admitted to the hospital with established (benzodiazepine-resistant) status epilepticus (SE) (eSE) and to compare to three control groups: intensive care unit (ICU) patients without SE (ICU-noSE), non-ICU inpatients without SE (non-ICU), and outpatients with or without a history of epilepsy (outpatient).
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of North Carolina Hospitals and Yale New Haven Hospital. Participants included inpatients and outpatients who had serum PLP levels measured during clinical care between January 2018 and March 2021. The first PLP level obtained was categorized as normal (> 30 nmol/L), marginal (≤ 30 nmol/L), deficient (≤ 20 nmol/L), and severely deficient (≤ 5 nmol/L).
RESULTS
A total of 293 patients were included (52 eSE, 40 ICU-noSE, 44 non-ICU, and 157 outpatient). The median age was 55 (range 19-99) years. The median PLP level of the eSE group (12 nmol/L) was lower than that of the ICU-noSE (22 nmol/L, p = 0.003), non-ICU (16 nmol/L, p = 0.05), and outpatient groups (36 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Patients with eSE had a significantly higher prevalence of marginal and deficient PLP levels (90 and 80%, respectively) than patients in each of the other three groups (ICU-noSE: 70, 50%; non-ICU: 63, 54%; outpatient: 38, 21%). This significantly higher prevalence persisted after correcting for critical illness severity and timing of PLP level collection.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms previous findings indicating a high prevalence of pyridoxine deficiency (as measured by serum PLP levels) in patients with eSE, including when using a more restricted definition of pyridoxine deficiency. Prevalence is higher in patients with eSE than in patients in all three control groups (ICU-noSE, non-ICU, and outpatient). Considering the role of pyridoxine, thus PLP, in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid and its easy and safe administration, prospective studies on pyridoxine supplementation in patients with eSE are needed.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Pyridoxal; Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 36071331
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01579-z -
Trends in Cancer Jul 2020Mounting evidence indicates that vitamins C and D are linked to tumor growth, but the relevance of vitamin B6 remains uncertain. In a recent study, Chen et al....
Mounting evidence indicates that vitamins C and D are linked to tumor growth, but the relevance of vitamin B6 remains uncertain. In a recent study, Chen et al. demonstrate that pyridoxal kinase promotes vitamin B6 phosphorylation, producing the active form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, which regulates two key metabolic enzymes required for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell growth.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 32610066
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.005 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry May 2017This study measured the antiplasmodial activity of nine zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) complexes against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative parasite of...
This study measured the antiplasmodial activity of nine zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) complexes against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative parasite of malaria. Growth inhibition assays showed significant activity against all tested strains, with 50% inhibitory concentrations between 5 and 600nM and almost no toxic effect against host cells including healthy red blood cells. Fluorescence microscopy studies with a green-fluorescent ZnDPA probe showed selective targeting of infected red blood cells. The results suggest that ZnDPA coordination complexes are promising antiplasmodial agents with potential for targeted malaria treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; CHO Cells; Cell Proliferation; Coordination Complexes; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Malaria; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Organometallic Compounds; Picolines; Plasmodium falciparum
PubMed: 28377170
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.050 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2023Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) is a modern neurometabolic medication increasingly being used in neuropediatrics. The results of recent studies confirming...
Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) is a modern neurometabolic medication increasingly being used in neuropediatrics. The results of recent studies confirming the positive effects of Mexidol pharmacotherapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), perinatal damages of the central nervous system (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) and their consequences, neurological disorders and neurodevelopmental delay after surgery for congenital heart defects, neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), posttraumatic epilepsy. Taking into account the unique multimodal action of Mexidol, it seems promising to expand the range of indications for its application in neuropediatrics, based on the results of new clinical trials organized in accordance with modern principles of evidence-based medicine.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Child; Humans; Picolines; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Central Nervous System; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
PubMed: 37942971
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309243 -
Life Sciences Nov 2022It is well known that a low-status of B vitamins is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the impact of vitamin B6 (VB6) restriction on neurodegenerative...
AIMS
It is well known that a low-status of B vitamins is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the impact of vitamin B6 (VB6) restriction on neurodegenerative diseases and its underlying mechanisms are rarely understood. This study investigated whether VB6 restriction aggravates neurodegeneration in mice fed either a low-fat (LF) control diet or a high-fat (HF) diet.
MAIN METHODS
Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups (LF7, LF1, HF7 and HF1) and fed either an LF diet [7 mg pyridoxine (PN)/kg diet], an LF with 1 mg PN/kg diet, an HF diet or an HF with 1 mg PN/kg diet for 16 weeks. Brain cortex and hippocampus were collected and used for the determination of biochemical parameters including VB6, lipid peroxides, and neurodegeneration-related mRNA and protein levels.
KEY FINDINGS
VB6 restriction reduced levels of the biologically active form of VB6, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in the brain. Low consumption of VB6 inactivated brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling and cell proliferation, and induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic cell death. Significant correlation between brain lipid peroxide levels and PLP levels were observed. VB6 restriction also induced characteristic features of neurodegeneration such as amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, high-fat diet increased parameters associated with neurodegeneration. Aggravating effects of VB6 restriction were observed in both LF control and HF groups.
SIGNIFICANCE
Dietary VB6 restriction plays a key role in neurodegeneration, and VB6 restriction worsens HF-induced neuronal damage in mice. Our study emphasizes the essential role of VB6 in maintaining brain health.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Vitamin B 6; Pyridoxine; Diet, High-Fat; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Lipid Peroxides; Vitamin B Complex; Mice, Inbred C57BL; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 36208656
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121041 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Nov 2016Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form of vitamin B and a cofactor in many enzyme reactions including neurotransmitter metabolism. PLP metabolism disturbances may...
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form of vitamin B and a cofactor in many enzyme reactions including neurotransmitter metabolism. PLP metabolism disturbances may mostly lead to refractory seizures. In this report, we review the main pathophysiological factors related with PLP deficiency and our experience in PLP treatment in pediatric patients with low-normal cerebrospinal fluid PLP values who presented epilepsy. Only one case had a definite diagnosis (Phelan-McDermid syndrome). The results of extensive metabolic workups and targeted genetic studies were normal for all patients. In 5 cases, the response to PLP supplementation (10-30mg/kg/d) was initially positive. PLP adverse reactions were noticed in 4 patients and PLP was discontinued; however, one of the most noticeable symptoms was an asymptomatic increase in liver enzymes. These negative results with PLP supplementation are worth reporting, to improve the information we use to treat our patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 28284396
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.11.009 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2017To compare mexidol with control molecules (choline alfoscerate, piracetam, glycine, semax) using chemoreactome analysis.
AIM
To compare mexidol with control molecules (choline alfoscerate, piracetam, glycine, semax) using chemoreactome analysis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The chemical structure of mexidol was compared to molecule metabolites extracted from the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and a drug database. More than 40 000 of metabolites from HMDB were used as a model of human metabolome.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The chemoreactome analysis showed that mexidol may be (1) an agonist of acetylcholine and GABA-A receptors; (2) an anti-inflammatory agent, the effects of which are carried out by inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins; (3) a neurotrophic agent with neuroprotective properties; (4) a coagulation inhibitor; (5) a diabetes medication and (6) a hypolipidemic agent. Compared to 'control' molecules, mexidol has a more pronounced safety profile (a lower impact on serotonin, dopamine and adrenergic receptors, a lesser degree of interaction with the potassium channels of the heart, MAO and P450 cytochromes). The results of modeling allow to specify the mechanisms of action of mexidol at the molecular level.
Topics: Dopamine; Humans; Metabolomics; Picolines; Piracetam
PubMed: 28514338
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171171275-84 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Dicyandiamide (DCD) and nitrapyrin (NP) are nitrification inhibitors (NIs) used in agriculture for over 40 years. Recently, ethoxyquin (EQ) was proposed as a novel...
Dicyandiamide (DCD) and nitrapyrin (NP) are nitrification inhibitors (NIs) used in agriculture for over 40 years. Recently, ethoxyquin (EQ) was proposed as a novel potential NI, acting through its derivative quinone imine (QI). Still, the specific activity of these NIs on the different groups of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM), and mostly their effects on other soil microbiota remain unknown. We determined the impact of QI, and comparatively of DCD and NP, applied at two doses (regular versus high), on the function, diversity, and dynamics of target (AOM), functionally associated (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria-NOB), and off-target prokaryotic and fungal communities in two soils mainly differing in pH (5.4 versus 7.9). QI was equally effective to DCD but more effective than NP in inhibiting nitrification in the acidic soil, while in the alkaline soil QI was less efficient than DCD and NP. This was attributed to the higher activity of QI toward AOA prevailing in the acidic soil. All NIs induced significant effects on the composition of the AOB community in both soils, unlike AOA, which were less responsive. Beyond on-target effects, we noted an inhibitory effect of all NIs on the abundance of NOB in the alkaline soil, with being more sensitive than . QI, unlike the other NIs, induced significant changes in the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in both soils. Our findings have serious implications for the efficiency and future use of NIs on agriculture and provide unprecedented evidence for the potential off-target effects of NIs on soil microbiota. NIs could improve N use efficiency and decelerate N cycling. Still, we know little about their activity on the distinct AOM groups and about their effects on off-target soil microorganisms. Here, we studied the behavior of a new potent NI, QI, compared to established NIs. We show that (i) the variable efficacy of NIs across soils with different pH reflects differences in the inherent specific activity of the NIs to AOA and AOB; (ii) beyond AOM, NIs exhibit negative effects on other nitrifiers, like NOB; (iii) QI was the sole NI that significantly affected prokaryotic and fungal diversity. Our findings (i) highlight the need for novel NI strategies that consider the variable sensitivity of AOM groups to the different NIs (ii) identify QI as a potent AOA inhibitor, and (iii) stress the need for monitoring NIs' impact on off-target soil microorganisms to ensure sustainable N fertilizers use and soil ecosystem functioning.
Topics: Ammonia; Archaea; Bacteria; Guanidines; Imines; Microbiota; Nitrification; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Picolines; Quinones; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 35856708
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02403-21