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Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises Nov 2022As the healthcare system changes, the pharmacist's place does. In this context the health institutions are looking for improving prevention and so realize how well... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
As the healthcare system changes, the pharmacist's place does. In this context the health institutions are looking for improving prevention and so realize how well placed pharmacists were. For their competences as well as the trust patients are giving, they are serious actors in the implementation of prevention.
METHODS
We sought to understand which place pharmacists take in prevention policies. Thus, we have proceeded with an analysis of bibliography of the past ten years about articles registered in Medline talking about pharmacist's places in French prevention.
RESULTS
We have selected 47 articles classified according to San Marco's 3 levels of prevention: universal, oriented or targeted prevention. The pharmacist is involved in universal prevention, cancer screening or the proper use of antibiotics. In targeted prevention, they are specifically interested in the proper use of medicines and their correct prescription to patients. Finally, for targeted prevention, they offer patients therapeutic education adapted to their needs.
CONCLUSIONS
We can highlight that pharmacists improve consequently the patient's quality of life. They also enhance connections between health care professionals. Thanks to pharmacists, patients can find easy access and reliable health advice and government, trustworthy support for prevention.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacists; Quality of Life; Public Health; France; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hospitals; Professional Role
PubMed: 35151625
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.02.004 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Feb 2022Various insects can entrap and stabilize air plastrons and bubbles underwater. When these bubbles interact with surfaces underwater, they create air capillary bridges...
Various insects can entrap and stabilize air plastrons and bubbles underwater. When these bubbles interact with surfaces underwater, they create air capillary bridges that de-wet surfaces and even allow underwater reversible adhesion. In this study, a robotic arm with interchangeable three-dimensional (3D)-printed bubble-stabilizing units is used to create air capillary bridges underwater for manipulation of small objects. Particles of various sizes and shapes, thin sheets and substrates of diverse surface tensions, from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, can be lifted, transported, placed, and oriented using one- or two-dimensional arrays of bubbles. Underwater adhesion, derived from the air capillary bridges, is quantified depending on the number, arrangement, and size of bubbles and the contact angle of the counter surface. This includes a variety of commercially available materials and chemically modified surfaces. Overall, it is possible to manipulate millimeter- to sub-millimeter-scale objects underwater. This includes cleaning submerged surfaces from colloids and arbitrary contaminations, folding thin sheets to create three-dimensional structures, and precisely placing and aligning objects of various geometries. The robotic underwater manipulator can be used for automation and control in cell culture experiments, lab-on-chip devices, and manipulation of objects underwater. It offers the ability to control the transport and release of small objects without the need for chemical adhesives, suction-based adhesion, anchoring devices, or grabbers.
PubMed: 35080367
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23845 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2015Implants placed with high insertion torque (IT) typically exhibit primary stability, which enables early loading. Whether high IT has a negative impact on peri-implant...
Implants placed with high insertion torque (IT) typically exhibit primary stability, which enables early loading. Whether high IT has a negative impact on peri-implant bone health, however, remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how peri-implant bone responds to strains and stresses created when implants are placed with low and high IT. Titanium micro-implants were inserted into murine femurs with low and high IT using torque values that were scaled to approximate those used to place clinically sized implants. Torque created in peri-implant tissues a distribution and magnitude of strains, which were calculated through finite element modeling. Stiffness tests quantified primary and secondary implant stability. At multiple time points, molecular, cellular, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the effect of high and low strains on apoptosis, mineralization, resorption, and collagen matrix deposition in peri-implant bone. Preparation of an osteotomy results in a narrow zone of dead and dying osteocytes in peri-implant bone that is not significantly enlarged in response to implants placed with low IT. Placing implants with high IT more than doubles this zone of dead and dying osteocytes. As a result, peri-implant bone develops micro-fractures, bone resorption is increased, and bone formation is decreased. Using high IT to place an implant creates high interfacial stress and strain that are associated with damage to peri-implant bone and therefore should be avoided to best preserve the viability of this tissue.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Collagen; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Elastic Modulus; Femur; Finite Element Analysis; Male; Mice; Osseointegration; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Osteotomy; Pliability; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Titanium; Torque
PubMed: 25628271
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514566029 -
Socius : Sociological Research For a... 2022Tertiary to home and work, "third places" serve as opportunity structures that transmit information and facilitate social capital and upward mobility. However, third...
Tertiary to home and work, "third places" serve as opportunity structures that transmit information and facilitate social capital and upward mobility. However, third places may be inequitably distributed, thereby exacerbating disparities in social capital and mobility. The authors use tract-level data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive to examine the distribution of third places across the United States. There were significant disparities in the availability of third places. Higher poverty rates were associated with fewer third places. Tracts with the smallest shares of Black and Hispanic populations had comparatively more third places. However, this racial disadvantage was not linear, suggesting potential buffering effects in places with the largest shares of Black and Hispanic populations. There was also a rural disadvantage, except in the most isolated rural tracts. This study demonstrates the value of conceptualizing and measuring third places to understand sociospatial disparities in the availability of these understudied opportunity structures.
PubMed: 37946734
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221090301 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Sep 2023Recent neural evidence suggests that the human brain contains dissociable systems for "scene categorization" (i.e., recognizing a place as a particular kind of place,...
Recent neural evidence suggests that the human brain contains dissociable systems for "scene categorization" (i.e., recognizing a place as a particular kind of place, for example, a kitchen), including the parahippocampal place area, and "visually guided navigation" (e.g., finding our way through a kitchen, not running into the kitchen walls or banging into the kitchen table), including the occipital place area. However, converging behavioral data - for instance, whether scene categorization and visually guided navigation abilities develop along different timelines and whether there is differential breakdown under neurologic deficit - would provide even stronger support for this two-scene-systems hypothesis. Thus, here we tested scene categorization and visually guided navigation abilities in 131 typically developing children between 4 and 9 years of age, as well as 46 adults with Williams syndrome, a developmental disorder with known impairment on "action" tasks, yet relative sparing on "perception" tasks, in object processing. We found that (1) visually guided navigation is later to develop than scene categorization, and (2) Williams syndrome adults are impaired in visually guided navigation, but not scene categorization, relative to mental age-matched children. Together, these findings provide the first developmental and neuropsychological evidence for dissociable cognitive systems for recognizing places and navigating through them. Two decades ago, Milner and Goodale showed us that identifying objects and manipulating them involve distinct cognitive and neural systems. Recent neural evidence suggests that the same may be true of our interactions with our environment: identifying places and navigating through them are dissociable systems. Here we provide converging behavioral evidence supporting this two-scene-systems hypothesis - finding both differential development and breakdown of "scene categorization" and "visually guided navigation." This finding suggests that the division of labor between perception and action systems is a general organizing principle for the visual system, not just a principle of the object processing system in particular.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Williams Syndrome; Brain Mapping; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cognition; Photic Stimulation
PubMed: 37580121
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0153-23.2023 -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... Feb 2017A literature review was conducted to determine the role of insertion torque in attaining primary stability of dental implants. The review is comprised of articles that... (Review)
Review
A literature review was conducted to determine the role of insertion torque in attaining primary stability of dental implants. The review is comprised of articles that discussed the amount of torque needed to achieve primary implant stability in healed ridges and fresh extraction sockets prior to immediate implant loading. Studies were appraised that addressed the effects of minimum and maximum forces that can be used to successfully place implants. The minimum torque that can be employed to attain primary stability is undefined. Forces ≥30 Ncm are routinely used to place implants into healed ridges and fresh extraction sockets prior to immediate loading of implants. Increased insertion torque (≥50 Ncm) reduces micromotion and does not appear to damage bone. In general, the healing process after implant insertion provides a degree of biologic stability that is similar whether implants are placed with high or low initial insertion torque. Primary stability is desirable when placing implants, but the absence of micromotion is what facilitates predictable implant osseointegration. Increased insertion torque helps achieve primary stability by reducing implant micromotion. Furthermore, tactile information provided by the first surgical twist drill can aid in selecting the initial insertion torque to achieve predictable stability of inserted dental implants.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans; Torque
PubMed: 28156122
DOI: No ID Found -
Optics Letters Mar 2021We report on the realization of delivering coherent optical frequency to multiple places based on passive phase noise cancellation over a bus topology fiber network....
We report on the realization of delivering coherent optical frequency to multiple places based on passive phase noise cancellation over a bus topology fiber network. This technique mitigates any active servo controller on the main fiber link and at arbitrary access places as opposed to the conventional technique, in which an active phase compensation circuit has to be adopted to stabilize the main fiber link. Although the residual fiber phase noise power spectral density in the proposed technique turns out to be a factor of seven higher than that of in the conventional multiple-access technique when the access place is close to the end of the fiber link, it could largely suppress the phase noise introduced by the servo bumps, improve the response speed and phase recovery time, and minimize hardware overhead in systems with many stations and connections without the need for active servo circuits including phase discriminators and active compensators. The proposed technique could considerably simplify future efforts to make precise optical frequency signals available to many users, as required by some large-scale science experiments.
PubMed: 33720192
DOI: 10.1364/OL.415930 -
PloS One 2016Place can be generally defined as a location that has been assigned meaning through human experience, and as such it is of multidisciplinary scientific interest. Up to...
Place can be generally defined as a location that has been assigned meaning through human experience, and as such it is of multidisciplinary scientific interest. Up to this point place has been studied primarily within the context of social sciences as a theoretical construct. The availability of large amounts of user-generated content, e.g. in the form of social media feeds or Wikipedia contributions, allows us for the first time to computationally analyze and quantify the shared meaning of place. By aggregating references to human activities within urban spaces we can observe the emergence of unique themes that characterize different locations, thus identifying places through their discernible sociocultural signatures. In this paper we present results from a novel quantitative approach to derive such sociocultural signatures from Twitter contributions and also from corresponding Wikipedia entries. By contrasting the two we show how particular thematic characteristics of places (referred to herein as platial themes) are emerging from such crowd-contributed content, allowing us to observe the meaning that the general public, either individually or collectively, is assigning to specific locations. Our approach leverages probabilistic topic modelling, semantic association, and spatial clustering to find locations are conveying a collective sense of place. Deriving and quantifying such meaning allows us to observe how people transform a location to a place and shape its characteristics.
Topics: Crowdsourcing; Geography; Humans; Social Media
PubMed: 27050432
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152932 -
Frontiers in Neurorobotics 2020Place recognition is naturally informed by the mosaic of sensations we remember from previously visiting a location and general knowledge of our location in the world....
Place recognition is naturally informed by the mosaic of sensations we remember from previously visiting a location and general knowledge of our location in the world. Neurons in the mammalian brain (specifically in the hippocampus formation) named "place cells" are thought to reflect this recognition of place and are involved in implementing a spatial map that can be used for path planning and memory recall. In this research, we use bat-inspired sonar to mimic how bats might sense objects in the environment and recognize the views associated with different places. These "echo view cells" may contribute (along with odometry) to the creation of place cell representations observed in bats. Although detailed sensory template matching is straightforward, it is quite unlikely that a flying animal or robot will return to the exact 3-D position and pose where the original memory was captured. Instead, we strive to recognize views over extended regions that are many body lengths in size, reducing the number of places to be remembered for a map. We have successfully demonstrated some of this spatial invariance by training feed-forward neural networks (traditional neural networks and spiking neural networks) to recognize 66 distinct places in a laboratory environment over a limited range of translations and rotations. We further show how the echo view cells respond between known views and how their outputs can be combined over time for continuity.
PubMed: 33250733
DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.567991 -
Australian Family Physician Jun 2017Greater numbers of people are travelling to places at high altitude each year. Altitude illness is common in places at high altitude and may be life-threatening. General... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Greater numbers of people are travelling to places at high altitude each year. Altitude illness is common in places at high altitude and may be life-threatening. General practitioners (GPs) are best placed to provide evidence-based advice to keep travellers well informed of the possible risks they may encounter in places at high altitude.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to review knowledge on altitude illness in order to help GPs assist patients to travel safely to places at high altitude.
DISCUSSION
Acclimatisation to high altitude is a complex process and when inadequate leads to the pathological changes of altitude illness, including high-altitude headache, cerebral oedema, pulmonary oedema and acute mountain sickness. Higher ascent, faster rate of ascent and a previous history of altitude illness increase the risk of altitude illness. Acetazolamide and other medications used to prevent altitude illness are discussed in detail, including the finding that inhaled budesonide may prevent altitude illness.
Topics: Acclimatization; Acetazolamide; Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Anticonvulsants; Antiemetics; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dexamethasone; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Nifedipine; Travel
PubMed: 28609593
DOI: No ID Found