-
Journal of Biotechnology Jan 2018A novel type strain, Planococcus faecalis AJ003, isolated from the feces of Antarctic penguins, synthesizes a rare C30 carotenoid,...
A novel type strain, Planococcus faecalis AJ003, isolated from the feces of Antarctic penguins, synthesizes a rare C30 carotenoid, glycosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporen-4'-ol-4-oic acid. The complete genome of P. faecalis AJ003 comprises a single circular chromosome (3,495,892 bp; 40.9% G + C content). Annotation analysis has revealed 3511 coding DNA sequences and 99 RNAs; seven genes associated with the MEP pathway and five genes involved in the carotenoid pathway have been identified. The functionality and complementation of 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase (CrtM) and two copies of heterologous 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were analyzed in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Carotenoids; Genome, Bacterial; Planococcus Bacteria
PubMed: 29237561
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.005 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2017A pale-red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated CW1T, was isolated from a polluted soil sample in China and was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach....
A pale-red-pigmented bacterial strain, designated CW1T, was isolated from a polluted soil sample in China and was characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain CW1T was Gram-stain-positive (or variable), coccoid, motile by a single polar flagellum and non-spore-forming. Growth was observed at 15-37 °C, but not at 10 °C or 40 °C, at pH 5.0-9.0 and with 0-5 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CW1T belongs to the genus Planococcus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between CW1T and the four most closely related type strains, Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T, Planococcus halocryophilus DSM 24743T, Planomicrobium soli XN13T and Planomicrobium okeanokoites NBRC 12536T were 97.96, 97.83, 97.83 and 97.82 %, respectively. The whole-cell sugars contained galactose, ribose and glucose. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 followed by MK-8, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 48.6 mol%. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that strain CW1T belongs unanimously to the genus Planococcus. However, DNA-DNA hybridization showed relatively low relatedness of 21.8 % (DSM 14505T) and 19.6 % (DSM 24743T) with the two most closely related strains of the genus Planococcus. Combined with the genotypic and phenotypic analysis, strain CW1T should represent a novel species in the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW1T (=CCTCC AB 207187T=LMG 24442T).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Farms; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 28809140
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001960 -
Journal, Genetic Engineering &... Dec 2018Marine environments are substantially untapped source for the isolation of bacteria with the capacity to produce various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, which have...
Marine environments are substantially untapped source for the isolation of bacteria with the capacity to produce various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, which have important ecological roles and promising biotechnological applications. Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes widely distributed in nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. Marine microbial communities are highly diverse and have evolved during extended evolutionary processes of physiological adaptations under the influence of a variety of ecological conditions and selection pressures. A number of marine hydrolases have been described, including amylases, lipases and proteases, which are being used extensively for biotechnological applications. The present study was carried out to isolate marine bacteria from continental slope sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea and explore their biotechnological potential. Among the 119 isolates screened, producers of amylases (15%), caseinases (40%), cellulases (40%), gelatinases (60%), lipases (26%), ligninases (33%), phytase (11%) and Malachite Green dye degraders (16%) were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that predominant marine sediment bacteria possessing more than four enzymatic activities belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, was assigned to the genera and Biodegradation of the dye Malachite Green using the liquid decolorization assay showed that both the individual cultures () and their consortium were able to decolorize more than 70% of dye within 24 h of incubation. This is the first report on diversity and extracellular hydrolytic enzymatic activities and bioremediation properties of bacteria from continental slope sediment of eastern Arabian Sea.
PubMed: 30733732
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.06.002 -
Microbial Ecology Oct 2016Heavy metals influence the population size, diversity, and metabolic activity of bacteria. In turn, bacteria can develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms, and this can...
Diversity and Distribution of Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacteria in Polluted Sediments of the Araça Bay, São Sebastião (SP), and the Relationship Between Heavy Metals and Organic Matter Concentrations.
Heavy metals influence the population size, diversity, and metabolic activity of bacteria. In turn, bacteria can develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms, and this can be used in bioremediation of contaminated areas. The purpose of the present study was to understand how heavy metals concentration influence on diversity and distribution of heavy metal-resistant bacteria in Araça Bay, São Sebastião, on the São Paulo coast of Brazil. The hypothesis is that activities that contribute for heavy metal disposal and the increase of metals concentrations in environment can influence in density, diversity, and distribution of heavy metal-resistant bacteria. Only 12 % of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to all of the metals tested. We observed that the highest percentage of resistant strains were in areas closest to the São Sebastião channel, where port activity occurs and have bigger heavy metals concentrations. Bacterial isolated were most resistant to Cr, followed by Zn, Cd, and Cu. Few strains resisted to Cd levels greater than 200 mg L(-1). In respect to Cr, 36 % of the strains were able to grow in the presence of as much as 3200 mg L(-1). Few strains were able to grow at concentrations of Zn and Cu as high as 1600 mg L(-1), and none grew at the highest concentration of 3200 mg L(-1). Bacillus sp. was most frequently isolated and may be the dominant genus in heavy metal-polluted areas. Staphylococcus sp., Planococcus maritimus, and Vibrio aginolyticus were also isolated, suggesting their potential in bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Base Sequence; Bays; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biodiversity; Brazil; Cadmium; Chromium; Copper; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Metals, Heavy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiological Techniques; Multivariate Analysis; Organic Chemicals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zinc
PubMed: 27480227
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0821-x -
3 Biotech Jun 2017Microbial communities in hot springs at high elevations have been extensively studied worldwide. In this sense, the Indian Himalaya regions is valuable ecosystems for...
Microbial communities in hot springs at high elevations have been extensively studied worldwide. In this sense, the Indian Himalaya regions is valuable ecosystems for providing both the extreme 'cold' and 'hot' sites for exploring microbial diversity. In the present study, a total of 140 thermophilic bacteria were isolated from 12 samples collected from Manikaran and Yumthang hot springs of Indian Himalayas. The bacterial isolates were studied for phylogenetic profiling, growth properties at varying conditions and potential sources of extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, amylase, xylanase and cellulase. Based on production of extracellular hydrolases, 51 isolates from Manikaran (28) and Yumthang thermal springs (23) were selected and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing which included 37 distinct species of 14 different genera namely Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, Thermoactinomyces, Thermobacillus, Thermonema and Thiobacillus. Out of 51 hydrolase producing bacteria, 24 isolates showed stability at wide range of temperature and pH treatments. In present investigation, three thermotolerant bacteria namely, Thermobacillus sp NBM6, Paenibacillus ehimensis NBM24 and Paenibacillus popilliae NBM68 were found to produced cellulase-free xylanase. These potential extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes producing thermophilic bacteria have a great commercial prospect in various industrial, medical and agriculture applications.
PubMed: 28567630
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0762-1 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2018A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, moderately halophilic and coccoid bacterial strain, designated LCB217, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil in...
A novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, moderately halophilic and coccoid bacterial strain, designated LCB217, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil in north-western China and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth occurred with 3-15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-5 %), at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum pH 9.0). Strain LCB217 contained MK-7 and MK-8 as the predominant menaquinones and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids from strain LCB217 consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified lipid. The peptidoglycan type was A4α (l-Lys-d-Glu). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain LCB217 belonged to the genus Planococcus and was closely related to the type strains Planococcus plakortidis AS/ASP6 (II) (98.2 % similarity), Planococcus maitriensis S1 (97.7 %) and Planococcus salinarum ISL-16 (97.2 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.4 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain LCB217 andPlanococcusplakortidis AS/ASP6 (II), Planococcusmaitriensis S1 andPlanococcussalinarum ISL-16 were 29.5, 38.1 and 39.5 %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain LCB217 represents a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LCB217 (=CGMCC 1.15685=KCTC 33861).
Topics: Alkalies; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 29300160
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002548 -
Microbial Biotechnology May 2021Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), secreted through biological metabolic activity, secured an imperative position in remedial measures within the...
Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), secreted through biological metabolic activity, secured an imperative position in remedial measures within the construction industry subsequent to ecological, environmental and economical returns. However, this contemporary recurrent healing system is susceptible to microbial depletion in the highly alkaline cementitious environment. Therefore, researchers are probing for alkali resistant calcifying microbes. In the present study, alkaliphilic microbes were isolated from different soil sources and screened for probable CaCO precipitation. Non-ureolytic pathway (oxidation of organic carbon) was adopted for calcite precipitation to eliminate the production of toxic ammonia. For this purpose, calcium lactate Ca(C H O ) and calcium acetate Ca(CH COO) were used as CaCO precipitation precursors. The quantification protocol for precipitated CaCO was established to select potent microbial species for implementation in the alkaline cementitious systems as more than 50% of isolates were able to precipitate CaCO . Results suggested 80% of potent calcifying strains isolated in this study, portrayed higher calcite precipitation at pH 10 when compared to pH 7. Ten superlative morphologically distinct isolates capable of CaCO production were identified by 16SrRNA sequencing. Sequenced microbes were identified as species of Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Planococcus, Chryseomicrobium and Corynebacterium. Further, microstructure of precipitated CaCO was inspected through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Then, the selected microbes were investigated in the cementitious mortar to rule out any detrimental effects on mechanical properties. These strains showed maximum of 36% increase in compressive strength and 96% increase in flexural strength. Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium and Planococcus genera have been reported as CaCO producers but isolated strains have not yet been investigated in conjunction with cementitious mortar. Moreover, species of Chryseomicrobium and Glutamicibacter were reported first time as calcifying strains.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Feasibility Studies
PubMed: 33629805
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13752 -
Astrobiology Sep 2018It is well known that dissolved salts can significantly lower the freezing point of water and thus extend habitability to subzero conditions. However, most...
It is well known that dissolved salts can significantly lower the freezing point of water and thus extend habitability to subzero conditions. However, most investigations thus far have focused on sodium chloride as a solute. In this study, we report on the survivability of the bacterial strain Planococcus halocryophilus in sodium, magnesium, and calcium chloride or perchlorate solutions at temperatures ranging from +25°C to -30°C. In addition, we determined the survival rates of P. halocryophilus when subjected to multiple freeze/thaw cycles. We found that cells suspended in chloride-containing samples have markedly increased survival rates compared with those in perchlorate-containing samples. In both cases, the survival rates increase with lower temperatures; however, this effect is more pronounced in chloride-containing samples. Furthermore, we found that higher salt concentrations increase survival rates when cells are subjected to freeze/thaw cycles. Our findings have important implications not only for the habitability of cold environments on Earth but also for extraterrestrial environments such as that of Mars, where cold brines might exist in the subsurface and perhaps even appear temporarily at the surface such as at recurring slope lineae.
Topics: Chlorides; Cold Temperature; Freezing; Microbial Viability; Osmolar Concentration; Perchlorates; Planococcus Bacteria; Salts; Water
PubMed: 29664686
DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1805 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sep 2017Melanin is a photo-protective polymer found in many organisms. Our research shows that the bacteria associated with darkly pigmented sponges (Haliclona pigmentifera,...
Melanin is a photo-protective polymer found in many organisms. Our research shows that the bacteria associated with darkly pigmented sponges (Haliclona pigmentifera, Sigmadocia pumila, Fasciospongia cavernosa, Spongia officinalis, and Callyspongia diffusa) secrete non-cytotoxic melanin, with antioxidant activity that protects animal cells from photo-toxicity. Out of 156 bacterial strains screened, 22 produced melanin and these melanin-producing bacteria (MPB) were identified as Vibrio spp., Providencia sp., Bacillus sp., Shewanella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Planococcus sp., Salinococcus sp., and Glutamicibacter sp. Maximum melanin production was exhibited by Vibrio alginolyticus Marine Microbial Reference Facility (MMRF) 534 (50 mg ml), followed by two isolates of Vibrio harveyi MMRF 535 (40 mg ml) and MMRF 546 (30 mg ml). Using pathway inhibition assay and FT-IR spectral analysis, we identified the melanin secreted into the culture medium of MPB as 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin. The bacterial melanin was non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast L929 cells and brine shrimps up to a concentration of 200 and 500 ppm, respectively. Bacterial melanin showed antioxidant activity at very low concentration (IC-9.0 ppm) and at 50 ppm, melanin protected L929 cells from UV-induced intracellular reactive oxygen stress. Our study proposes sponge-associated bacteria as a potential source of non-cytotoxic melanin with antioxidant potentials.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cell Line; Fibroblasts; Melanins; Mice; Porifera; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28315112
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2453-0 -
Microbial Cell Factories Nov 2018N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are well-studied signalling molecules produced by some Gram-negative Proteobacteria for bacterial cell-to-cell communication or quorum...
BACKGROUND
N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are well-studied signalling molecules produced by some Gram-negative Proteobacteria for bacterial cell-to-cell communication or quorum sensing. We have previously demonstrated the degradation of AHLs by an Antarctic bacterium, Planococcus versutus L10.15, at low temperature through the production of an AHL lactonase. In this study, we cloned the AHL lactonase gene and characterized the purified novel enzyme.
RESULTS
Rapid resolution liquid chromatography analysis indicated that purified AidP possesses high AHL-degrading activity on unsubstituted, and 3-oxo substituted homoserine lactones. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that AidP functions as an AHL lactonase that hydrolyzes the ester bond of the homoserine lactone ring of AHLs. Multiple sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the aidP gene encodes a novel AHL lactonase enzyme. The amino acid composition analysis of aidP and the homologous genes suggested that it might be a cold-adapted enzyme, however, the optimum temperature is 28 °C, even though the thermal stability is low (reduced drastically above 32 °C). Branch-site analysis of several aidP genes of Planococcus sp. branch on the phylogenetic trees also showed evidence of episodic positive selection of the gene in cold environments. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effects of covalent and ionic bonding, showing that Zn is important for activity of AidP in vivo. The pectinolytic inhibition assay confirmed that this enzyme attenuated the pathogenicity of the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum in Chinese cabbage.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that AidP is effective in attenuating the pathogenicity of P. carotovorum, a plant pathogen that causes soft-rot disease. This anti-quorum sensing agent is an enzyme with low thermal stability that degrades the bacterial signalling molecules (AHLs) that are produced by many pathogens. Since the enzyme is most active below human body temperature (below 28 °C), and lose its activity drastically above 32 °C, the results of a pectinolytic inhibition assay using Chinese cabbage indicated the potential of this anti-quorum sensing agent to be safely applied in the field trials.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amino Acid Sequence; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Proteins; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Models, Molecular; Pectins; Pectobacterium carotovorum; Planococcus Bacteria; Quorum Sensing; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 30445965
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1024-6