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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022plant is used in traditional Mongolian medicine. However, its chemical composition and biological properties are poorly explored. In this study, the total content of...
plant is used in traditional Mongolian medicine. However, its chemical composition and biological properties are poorly explored. In this study, the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity were verified in plant extract. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrometric (6.62 mg GAE/g and 10.32 mg QE/g) and chromatographic (17,598 mg/kg and 17,467 mg/kg) assays. The antioxidant potential was investigated by DPPH assay and yielded IC at 18.76 µg/mL. Twelve phenolic compounds were identified as components of extract. Kaempferol-3--robinosyl-7--rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-(-coumaroyl)-rutinosyl-7-rhamnoside made up 80% of determined components and were found to be the major polyphenolic compounds. The biological properties of extracts were determined in vitro using human epithelial adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line. Low concentrations of extract (0-30 µg/mL) exhibited protective effects against cell damage caused by chemically induced oxidative stress. Elevated concentrations, on the other hand, resulted in apoptotic-type cell death induction. Metabolic failure, ROS elevation and membrane permeabilization observed in cells upon incubation with extract dosages above 50 µg/mL allowed us to conclude on being predominantly a necrosis inducer.
Topics: Antioxidants; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Death; Flavonoids; Humans; Kaempferols; Oxytropis; Phenols; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35889481
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144609 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Oct 2022Vateria indica is persistent tree used in Unani sources for the medication and classified as critically endangered. Thus, endophytes for alternative methods to explore...
Vateria indica is persistent tree used in Unani sources for the medication and classified as critically endangered. Thus, endophytes for alternative methods to explore these endangered Plants having rich source pharmaceuticals' active molecules for drug development and production. Endophytes comprises unexplored microbes as a potential source of rich pharmaceutically bioactive compounds attributable to their relationship with the host. In the current study, we have isolated endophyte fungi Cladosporium from the plant Vateria indica and performed phytochemical screening of its ethanolic extract to detect the phytochemicals using thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of an anticancer compound hydroxymethyl colchicine, antioxidant compound benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro in endophyte fungal extract of plant Vateria indica. Moreover, in silico analysis of bioactive compounds identified by GC-MS analysis using the Autodock Vina and SwissADME confirmed excellent anticancer activity methanone, [4-amino-2-[(phenylmethyl) amino]-5-thiazolyl] (4-fluorophenyl)- and hydroxymethyl colchicine against 6VO4 (Bfl-1 protein) as per Lipinski rule. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the excellent antioxidant of endophytic extract compared to plant extract by DPPH and ABTS assay, as well as antimicrobial activity against both Gram (+ ve) and Gram (- ve) bacteria. Moreover, the endophytic extract also showed its antimitotic activity with a mitotic index of 65.32, greater than the plant extract of 32.56 at 10 mg/ml. Thus endophytic fungi Cladosporium species isolated from plant Vateria indica might be used as a potential source for phytochemical anticancer hydroxymethyl colchicine, an antioxidant benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimitotic Agents; Antioxidants; Benzoic Acid; Cladosporium; Colchicine; Dipterocarpaceae; Endophytes; Methylcellulose; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants
PubMed: 35522363
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03933-5 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2015The application of aspirin-like drugs in modern medicine is very broad, encompassing the treatment of inflammation, pain and a variety of cardiovascular conditions.... (Review)
Review
The application of aspirin-like drugs in modern medicine is very broad, encompassing the treatment of inflammation, pain and a variety of cardiovascular conditions. Although anecdotal accounts of willow bark extract as an anti-inflammatory drug have occurred since written records began (for example by Hippocrates), the first convincing demonstration of a potent anti-pyretic effect of willow bark containing salicylates was made by the English cleric Edward Stone in the late eighteenth century. Here, we discuss the route to optimizing and understanding the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory drugs that have their origins in Stone's seminal study, 'An account of the success of the bark of the willow in the cure of agues'. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; History, 18th Century; Pharmacology; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Salix
PubMed: 25750237
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0317 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Nov 2020Imperata cylindrica is considered as an agricultural weed, but it is a valuable plant in the traditional medicines of Southeast Asia. In the Mizo traditional medicine of...
BACKGROUND
Imperata cylindrica is considered as an agricultural weed, but it is a valuable plant in the traditional medicines of Southeast Asia. In the Mizo traditional medicine of India and Myanmar, the rhizomes and roots are used as a remedy for bacterial, fungal and intestinal helminth infections.
METHODS
An extract of the whole underground parts was prepared in Soxhlet apparatus using chloroform as a solvent. After concentrating in a vacuum rotary evaporator, the extract was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anthelmintic activity was tested in vitro against the tapeworm Raillietina tetragona and the roundworm Ascaridia galli. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the structural changes on the helminths after treatment with the plant extract.
RESULTS
Twenty-two compounds were identified from the plant extract out of which fatty acids were the predominant compounds. Palmitic acid was the most abundant. Bioactive phytosterols such as campesterol and stigmasterol were also detected. The plant extract was significantly effective on both the helminths and showed dose-dependent anthelmintic activity as that of albendazole. The tapeworm treated with the plant extract showed deformities on the suckers, clumping of the spines, tegumental folds and erosion of microtriches. Extensive damage was also seen on the roundworm including cuticular shrinkage, collapse of the lips, and formation of warty surface throughout the body.
CONCLUSION
I. cylindrica extract effectively killed and caused detrimental effects on parasitic tapeworm and roundworm. The study therefore validates the traditional usage among the Mizo people, and guarantees further investigation on the exact compound(s) and mechanism of action.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascaridia; Cestoda; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; India; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Poaceae
PubMed: 33158437
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03125-w -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2024An alternative method to conventional synthesis is examined in this review by the use of plant extracts as reducing and capping agents. The use of plant extracts... (Review)
Review
An alternative method to conventional synthesis is examined in this review by the use of plant extracts as reducing and capping agents. The use of plant extracts represents an economically viable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis. In contrast to previous reviews, this review focuses on the synthesis of nano-compounds utilizing plant extracts, which lack comprehensive reports. In order to synthesize diverse nanostructures, researchers have discovered a sustainable and cost-effective method of harnessing functional groups in plant extracts. Each plant extract is discussed in detail, along with its potential applications, demonstrating the remarkable morphological diversity achieved by using these green synthesis approaches. A reduction and capping agent made from plant extracts is aligned with the principles of green chemistry and offers economic advantages as well as paving the way for industrial applications. In this review, it is discussed the significance of using plant extracts to synthesize nano-compounds, emphasizing their potential to shape the future of nanomaterials in a sustainable and ecologically friendly manner.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Plant Extracts; Green Chemistry Technology; Nanostructures; Plants; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38523214
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32983-x -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Dec 2023By-products from plant sources are recently regarded as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In this regard, the present study aims to assess the bioactivities of...
By-products from plant sources are recently regarded as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In this regard, the present study aims to assess the bioactivities of the 70 % MeOH extract obtained from Vicia faba peels and analyze its metabolomic profile. Acetylcholinesterase and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory activities of the plant extract were assayed using quantitative colorimetric tests. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH assay, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against normal fibroblast skin cells (1-BJ1). Ninety-one metabolites were tentatively identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Most of these compounds were described for the first time in the plant. In addition, catechin, rutin, quercitrin, and rhamnetin were isolated from the plant extract. The plant extract and the isolated compounds possessed no cytotoxic activity on (1-BJ1), while they exhibited anticholinesterase with the highest activity for 70 % MeOH extract (IC =120.11 mg/L), antioxidant potential with the highest activity for rutin (90.54±0.73 %), and carbohydrate metabolizing inhibitory activities with the highest activity for rutin. These discoveries imply that V. faba peels might serve as an efficient antioxidant, exhibit anticholinesterase properties, and have the potential for use in managing diabetes, all while avoiding cytotoxicity in normal cells.
Topics: Vicia faba; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Acetylcholinesterase; Fabaceae; Plant Extracts; Rutin; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37878681
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301095 -
Cells Jan 2023The current prevalence of such lifestyle diseases as mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis is a result of the growing resistance of microorganisms to the available...
The current prevalence of such lifestyle diseases as mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis is a result of the growing resistance of microorganisms to the available antibiotics and their significant toxicity. Therefore, plants can successfully become a source of new therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protein extract from seeds on the morphology, structure, and viability of and to carry out proteomic characterization of the protein extract. The analyses were carried out using fluorescence and transmission microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopy. The proteomic studies were performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The studies showed that the seed extract applied at concentrations of 50-150 µg/mL exerted a statistically significant effect on cells, that is, a reduction of the viability of the bacteria and induction of changes in the structure of the mycobacterial cell wall. Additionally, the SEM analysis confirmed that the extract did not have a cytotoxic or cytopathic effect on fibroblast cells. The proteomic analysis revealed the presence of structural, storage, and enzymatic proteins and peptides in the extract, which are typical for seeds. Proteins and peptides with antimicrobial activity identified as vicillins and lipid-transporting proteins were also determined in the protein profile of the extract.
Topics: Malvaceae; Proteomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Seeds
PubMed: 36766739
DOI: 10.3390/cells12030397 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2023Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease transmitted via This study aimed to examine the metabolic profile and anti-trypanosomal effect of methanol extract of leaves....
Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease transmitted via This study aimed to examine the metabolic profile and anti-trypanosomal effect of methanol extract of leaves. The liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) revealed the identification of fifteen compounds of iridoid, flavonoid, lignan, phenolic acid, and alkaloid classes. The extract displayed a promising inhibitory activity against TC 221 with MIC value of 1.90 μg/mL within 72 h. A subsequent in silico analysis of the dereplicated compounds (i.e. inverse docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and absolute binding free energy) suggested both rhodesain and farnesyl diphosphate synthase as probable targets for two compounds among those dereplicated ones in the plant extract (i.e. diphyllin and avacennone B). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling of diphyllin and avacennone were calculated accordingly, where both compounds showed acceptable drug-like properties. This study highlighted the antiparasitic potential of leaves.
Topics: Molecular Docking Simulation; Acanthaceae; Lignans; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37080775
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2199950 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aug 2021Ruminal methanogenesis is considered an inefficient process as it can result in the loss of 4 to 12% of the total energy consumed by the ruminant. Recent studies have...
Ruminal methanogenesis is considered an inefficient process as it can result in the loss of 4 to 12% of the total energy consumed by the ruminant. Recent studies have shown that compounds such as nitroethane, 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitro-1-propanol, and 3-nitro-1-propionic acid are capable of inhibiting methane production during in vitro studies. However, all of these nitrocompounds came from a synthetic origin, which could limit their use. In contrast, some plants of the Astragallus genus produce a natural nitrocompound, although its anti-methanogenic effect has not been evaluated. To determine the anti-methanogenic effect, in vitro cultures of freshly collected mixed populations of ruminal microbes were supplemented with A. mollissimus extracts (MISER). Cultures supplemented with 2-nitroethanol, ethyl 2-nitroacetate, or nitroethane were used as positive controls whereas distilled water was added to the untreated control tubes. After a 24 h incubation period, the methane production was reduced by more than 98% for the samples treated with A. mollissimus extract (P < 0.05) compared to the untreated controls (10.2 ± 0.1 mmol mL incubated liquid). Cultures supplemented with MISER produced a greater (P < 0.05) amount of total VFA, compared to the rest of treated and untreated cultures. Considering that there are significant differences between MISER treatment, positive controls and untreated cultures (P < 0.05) regarding the amounts of total gas, gas composition (CH and H), and the amount of VFA produced, it is concluded that Astragallus mollissimus poses an alternative strategy to reduce ruminal methanogenesis. To further explore such alternative, it is necessary to determine if the metabolization byproducts are safe and/or useful for the animal.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Fermentation; Methane; Plant Extracts; Rumen; Ruminants
PubMed: 34401959
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02882-1 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Jul 2023This study focused on characterizing chemically and evaluating in vitro allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of secondary metabolites extracted from the stem of...
This study focused on characterizing chemically and evaluating in vitro allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of secondary metabolites extracted from the stem of Cuscuta campestris in seed germination, early seedling growth and early plant growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. The combined effects of stem extract and a reduced dose of herbicide metribuzin were also examined. Plant extract contained 17 phenolic compounds and the most abundant phenols were flavonoids: quercetin, (+)-catechin, daidzin, luteolin, and rutin. The seeds of P. oleracea were less sensitive than the seeds of A. retroflexus. The seed bioassay confirmed the inhibitory effect of stem extract on germination and early growth of both weed seedlings at concentrations of 0.75 % and 1 %, and a minor inhibitory effect in the plant bioassay. On the other hand, a synergy of C. campestris stem extract and metribuzin was revealed, as their combination achieved better results in the control of both weed species. Based on obtained data C. campestris stem extract could be a potential source of natural-based weed control molecules.
Topics: Amaranthus; Cuscuta; Portulaca; Seedlings; Plants; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37183783
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300270