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Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2015Modern research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multidimensional approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biochemical combinatorial chemistry and... (Review)
Review
Modern research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multidimensional approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biochemical combinatorial chemistry and bioassay-guided fractionation approaches. Natural sources continue to provide an alternative as pharmacological leads against various devastating diseases such as diabetes, CVD, cancer etc. Nowadays, there is enormous requirement of safe and effective drugs in the world. This has prompted scientists to revert back towards natural resources as a potential source of therapeutics for treatment and management of such chronic and fatal diseases. However, there are certain serious challenges and limitations in this field including scale up and commercialization of active compounds which allow only one in thousand lead molecules to be developed as drug. A systematic and scientific approach is an essential requirement for drug development from natural resource. This mini review provides an overview of the methods involved in natural product research starting from crude plant extract to bioactive pharmacological lead. Moreover, it also discusses the limitations of working concerning the bioactivity of medicinal plants.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Drug Discovery; Humans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 25986040
DOI: 10.2174/138955751501150224160518 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2017Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal, chronic and progressive respiratory disease leading to interstitial lung damage and serious breathing problems. The pathogenic... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal, chronic and progressive respiratory disease leading to interstitial lung damage and serious breathing problems. The pathogenic mechanism involves activation, migration, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblats inducing extracellular matrix accumulation that destroy lung parenchyma. Available antifibrotic treatment options are limited to Pirfenidone and Nintedanib that prevent deterioration without an improvement of this disease. The use of plant extracts and natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of PF has been known for more than thirty years in China. Nowadays, phytotherapy has gained a considerable attention in the treatment of PF both in vivo and in vitro using bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In this review, we aimed to focus on the protective effects and the mechanisms of action of several plant extracts described by various research works for the treatment of PF.
Topics: Animals; Fibroblasts; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Fibrosis
PubMed: 28688290
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.052 -
Chemical Research in Toxicology Sep 2021The increase in bacterial resistance and decreased effectiveness of antibacterial agents has forced researchers to look for new antibacterial agents from environmentally... (Review)
Review
The increase in bacterial resistance and decreased effectiveness of antibacterial agents has forced researchers to look for new antibacterial agents from environmentally friendly sources such as essential oils and oil extracts. The functional group of the metabolites present in the essential oils or plant extract and the synergy effects between them play an important role in the biological activity and can be the principal factor affecting the antibacterial effect. All of these bioactive oils showed the same action mechanism, and the best way to implement them is by extracting them without changing their original properties, whereby the characterization and evaluation of the compounds are important steps. All of these themes are extensively reviewed, analyzed, and discussed in this work.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Plants
PubMed: 34464103
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00161 -
Recent Patents on Anti-cancer Drug... 2024) comprising chebulinic acid as its principle active constituent is used to cure various diseases. and chebulinic acid are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant,...
BACKGROUND
) comprising chebulinic acid as its principle active constituent is used to cure various diseases. and chebulinic acid are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiproliferative, antiarthritic, anticaries, and so on.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this current study is to give an overview of the recent literature and patents of and chebulinic acid including methods of its isolation/extraction and their application in the prevention of various cancers and other diseases.
METHODS
Present research and patents highlighting the anti-cancer potential of and chebulinic acid have been studied and discussed keeping in view the scientific novelty and impact.
RESULTS
Both and chebulinic acid are currently being explored for their anticancer potential and . They are either incorporated alone or in combination with other plants or drugs to show their activity and many clinical trials are also going on various potentials of the plant and chebulinic acid. Novel extraction techniques are also explored and patented. Efforts are being made to improve the bioavailability by developing Novel herbal drug delivery systems of the plant extract or chebulinic acid itself.
CONCLUSION
Anti-cancer potential of and chebulinic acid may be well established by promising clinical trials and may open new interventions in various tumors. Clinical trials in conjunction with standard therapies are required to explore and validate the actual potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid respectively.
Topics: Humans; Fruit; Patents as Topic; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents; Hydrolyzable Tannins
PubMed: 37605424
DOI: 10.2174/1574892819666230821110429 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Oct 2023The study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion, combine it with aqueous extracts of herbal powders, and test its efficiency as caries-preventing mouthwash. Formulation of...
The study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion, combine it with aqueous extracts of herbal powders, and test its efficiency as caries-preventing mouthwash. Formulation of nanoemulsion using microfluidizer, characterization of nanoemulsion, minimum inhibitory concentration, adherence test, biofilm assay, and artificial mouth assay was carried out. The biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, and a combination of the three cultures were developed and treated with formulations to study the inhibitory effect of the samples. In artificial mouth assay, human tooth samples were used as surfaces to grow the biofilm of S. mutans, and daily, the teeth were treated with the formulations to test their real-time efficiency. The nanoemulsion was characterized using dynamic light scattering and the size of the particles was within the 100-300 nm range. Above 50 °C, the nanoemulsion combined with plant extract lost its emulsified state within 2 h of incubation, while the nanoemulsion was stable. Nanoemulsion with plant extract inhibited the adherence of L. casei (73%) and biofilm of L. casei (66%). In artificial mouth assay, after 10 days of nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion with plant extract showed DIAGNOdent pen values 3.5 and 2 respectively whereas the negative control value was 14.4 indicating caries initiation. The nanoemulsion with plant extract showed anti-adherence and anti-biofilm activity and hence can be used as a potent anticariogenic mouthwash.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Anti-Infective Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Plant Extracts; Tooth; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36708491
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04356-6 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2023Oxidative stress (OS) during inflammation can increase inflammatory responses and damage tissue. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress (OS) during inflammation can increase inflammatory responses and damage tissue. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in several organs. Natural products have several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. The aims of the study are to study the possible therapeutic effects of natural products on LPS inducing toxicity on the nervous system, lung, liver, and immune system.
METHODS
The and research articles that were published in the last 5 years were included in the current study. The keywords included "lipopolysaccharide," "toxicity," "natural products," and "plant extract" were searched in different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar until October 2021.
RESULTS
The results of most studies indicated that some medicinal herbs and their potent natural products can help to prevent, treat, and manage LPS-induced toxicity. Medicinal herbs and plant-derived natural products showed promising effects on managing and treating oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunomodulation by several mechanisms.
CONCLUSION
However, these findings provide information about natural products for the prevention and treatment of LPS-induced toxicity, but the scientific validation of natural products requires more evidence on animal models to replace modern commercial medicine.
Topics: Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Biological Products; Plants, Medicinal; Plant Extracts; Inflammation
PubMed: 37102170
DOI: 10.1155/2023/7675183 -
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Aug 2023Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. species have attracted special... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Environment friendly green synthesised silver nanoparticles from species provide viable, safe and efficient treatment against different fungal pathogens.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to summarise the literature pertaining to superior antifungal ability of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using plant extracts of spp. in comparison to both aqueous and ethanolic raw plant extracts by electronically collecting articles from databases.
METHODS
The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were taken into consideration while preparing this review. The titles and abstracts of the collected data were stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy included literature from established sources like PubMed, Google Scholar and Retrieval System Online using subject descriptors.
RESULTS
The search yielded 60 articles with unique hits. After removal of duplications, 46 articles were identified, 40 were assessed and only seven articles were chosen and included in this review based on our eligibility criteria.
CONCLUSION
The physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of suggest higher drug potency of nanoparticles synthesised from plant extract against different diseases as compared to aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts. The study holds great promise as the synthesis of nanoparticles involves low energy consumption, minimal technology and least toxic effects.
Topics: Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Selaginellaceae; Silver; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37534437
DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.21 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2019Giving a glance to the report of Wound Care Market by Product updated in 2017, we can see that wound care market is expected to reach USD 22.01 billion by 2022 from USD... (Review)
Review
Giving a glance to the report of Wound Care Market by Product updated in 2017, we can see that wound care market is expected to reach USD 22.01 billion by 2022 from USD 18.35 billion at a CAGR of 3.7%. Numerous factors are driving the growth of this market, including the increasing prevalence of chronic wounds and acute wounds, increasing aged population, rising R&D activities and advancement in the field of wound care research. Advanced wound management products are accounted for the largest market share in 2017. These evidences mean that the wound care research represents a Clinical Emergency other than an interesting Marketing tool. Drug therapies so far fight efficaciously with the opportunistic pathologies derived from chronic wounds, although an unsolved challenge is still finding a useful remedy to correct the impaired wound healing process and overcome the chronic wound state, to avoid bacterial rising and severe pain. Traditional medicinal plants have been widely used in the management of wounds and different plant extracts have been evaluated for their wound healing properties through both in vitro and in vivo studies. Their phytochemical components in particular quercetin, contribute to their remedial properties in wound repair. Quercetin has important biological activities related to the improvement of the wound healing process. The present review discusses and focuses on the latest findings of the wound healing properties of quercetin, alone or as a part of plant extract, and its role as a new frontier in wound repair.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Humans; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30009700
DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713150626 -
Environmental Research Jan 2022Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials nowadays. CuO NPs have numerous applications in biological processes, medicine, energy... (Review)
Review
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials nowadays. CuO NPs have numerous applications in biological processes, medicine, energy devices, environmental remediation, and industrial fields from nanotechnology. With the increasing concern about the energy crisis and the challenges of chemical and physical approaches for preparing metal NPs, attempts to develop modern alternative chemistry have gotten much attention. Biological approaches that do not produce toxic waste and therefore do not require purification processes have been the subject of numerous studies. Plants may be extremely useful in the study of biogenic metal NP synthesis. This review aims to shed more light on the interactions between plant extracts and CuO NP synthesis. The use of living plants for CuO NPs biosynthesis is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. To date, the findings have revealed many aspects of plant physiology and their relationships to the synthesis of NPs. The current state of the art and potential challenges in the green synthesis of CuO NPs are described in this paper. This study found a recent increase in the green synthesis of CuO NPs using various plant extracts. As a result, a thorough explanation of green synthesis and stabilizing agents for CuO NPs made from these green sources is given. Additionally, the multifunctional applications of CuO NPs synthesized with various plant extracts in environmental remediation, sensing, catalytic reduction, photocatalysis, diverse biological activities, energy storage, and several organic transformations such as reduction, coupling, and multicomponent reactions were carefully reviewed. We expect that this review could serve as a useful guide for readers with a general interest in the plant extract mediated biosynthesis of CuO NPs and their potential applications.
Topics: Copper; Green Chemistry Technology; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34389352
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111858 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Despite the surge in cannabis chemistry research and its biological and medical activity, only a few cannabis-based pharmaceutical-grade drugs have been developed and... (Review)
Review
Despite the surge in cannabis chemistry research and its biological and medical activity, only a few cannabis-based pharmaceutical-grade drugs have been developed and marketed to date. Not many of these drugs are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, and some are still going through regulation processes. Active compounds including cannabinergic compounds (i.e., molecules targeted to modulate the endocannabinoid system) or phytocannabinoid analogues (cannabinoids produced by the plant) may be developed into single-molecule drugs. However, since in many cases treatment with whole-plant extract (whether as a solvent extraction, galenic preparation, or crude oil) is preferred over treatment with a single purified molecule, some more recently developed cannabis-derived drugs contain several molecules. Different combinations of active plant ingredients (API) from cannabis with proven synergies may be identified and developed as drugs to treat different medical conditions. However, possible negative effects between cannabis compounds should also be considered, as well as the effect of the cannabis treatment on the endocannabinoid system. FDA registration of single, few, or multiple molecules as drugs is a challenging process, and certain considerations that should be reviewed in this process, including issues of drug-drug interactions, are also discussed here.
Topics: Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Endocannabinoids; Hallucinogens; Humans; Medical Marijuana; Plant Extracts; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 33092255
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204821