-
International Journal of Molecular... May 2020The great majority of breast and prostate tumors are hormone-dependent cancers; hence, estrogens and androgens can, respectively, drive their developments, making it... (Review)
Review
The great majority of breast and prostate tumors are hormone-dependent cancers; hence, estrogens and androgens can, respectively, drive their developments, making it possible to use pharmacological therapies in their hormone-dependent phases by targeting the levels of steroid or modulating their physiological activity through their respective nuclear receptors when the tumors relapse. Unfortunately, at some stage, both breast and prostate cancers become resistant to pharmacological treatments that aim to block their receptors, estrogen (ER) or androgen (AR) receptors, respectively. So far, antiestrogens and antiandrogens used in clinics have been designed based on their structural analogies with natural hormones, 17-β estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Plants are a potential source of drug discovery and the development of new pharmacological compounds. The aim of this review article is to highlight the recent advances in the pharmacological modulation of androgen or estrogen levels, and their activity through their cognate nuclear receptors in prostate or breast cancer and the effects of some plants extracts.
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Estrogens; Female; Hormone Antagonists; Humans; Male; Plant Extracts; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32456259
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103690 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Jun 2024Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unmatched chemical, biological, and physical properties that make them unique compounds as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and... (Review)
Review
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unmatched chemical, biological, and physical properties that make them unique compounds as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. With the increasing drug resistance, AgNPs serve as promising entities for targeted drug therapy against several bacterial, fungal, and viral components. In addition, AgNPs also serve as successful anticancer agents against several cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Several works in recent years have been done towards the development of AgNPs by using plant extracts like flowers, leaves, bark, root, stem, and whole plant parts. The green method of AgNP synthesis thus has several advantages over chemical and physical methods, especially the low cost of synthesis, no toxic byproducts, eco-friendly production pathways, can be easily regenerated, and the bio-reducing potential of plant derived nanoparticles. Furthermore, AgNPs are biocompatible and do not harm normally functioning human or host cells. This review provides an exhaustive overview and potential of green synthesized AgNPs that can be used as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. After a brief introduction, we discussed the recent studies on the development of AgNPs from different plant extracts, including leaf parts, seeds, flowers, stems, bark, root, and whole plants. In the following section, we highlighted the different therapeutic actions of AgNPs against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We then highlighted the general mechanism of action of AgNPs. The advantages of the green synthesis method over chemical and physical methods were then discussed in the article. Finally, we concluded the review by providing future perspectives on this promising field in nanotechnology.
Topics: Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 37668757
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04719-z -
Molecular Biology Reports Feb 2023The physiological and morphological aspects of skin suffer from frequent change. Numerous internal and external factors have direct impact on inducing various skin... (Review)
Review
The physiological and morphological aspects of skin suffer from frequent change. Numerous internal and external factors have direct impact on inducing various skin problems like inflammation, aging, cancer, oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation etc. The use of plant polyphenols as a photo-ecting agent is gaining popularity nowadays. Polyphenols are known to enhance endogenic antioxidant system of skin thereby preventing various skin diseases. The biological activity of plant polyphenols is dependent on their physicochemical properties for overcoming the epidermal barriers to reach the specific receptor. Several evidences have reported the vital role polyphenols in mitigating adverse skin problems and reverting back the healthy skin condition. The interest in plant derived skin care products is emerging due to the changing notion of people to shift their focus towards use of plant-based products. The present review draws an attention to uncover the protective role of polyphenols in prevention of various skin problems. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been summarized that claims the efficacious nature of plant extract having dermatological significance.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Skin; Antioxidants; Skin Care; Cosmetics; Plant Extracts; Plants
PubMed: 36494596
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08156-9 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Mar 2023Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have shown antidiabetic activity in multiple studies and can be produced by different plant-mediated ("green") methods. This study...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have shown antidiabetic activity in multiple studies and can be produced by different plant-mediated ("green") methods. This study aimed to compare ZnONPs prepared via different "green" approaches (heating at high temperatures (400 °C) vs. low temperature (70 °C)). The low temperature method involved addition of suspending agents (Tween 80 or gum arabic) and pH variations followed by lyophilization. The study evaluated the hypoglycemic potential of ZnONPs with the best properties (quantity of capped agents and stability) compared to the plant extract per se. The ZnONP synthesis involved a mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate as the zinc precursor and a plant extract with high antioxidant activity as the capping agent supplier. The results of the studies showed that the procedure using high-temperature heating resulted in almost uncapped nanoparticles with phytocompounds (0.01 % of phenolic compounds) and nanoparticle sizes larger than 300 nm. The low-temperature method produced ZnONPs with high retention of capping agents (92.90 % of phenolic compounds) and a size of approximately 200 nm. The use of Tween 80 with pH adjustment between 9 and 10 resulted in more stable nanoparticles than with gum arabic. These nanoparticles prepared with Tween 80, exhibited a pronounced in vivo antihyperglycemic activity at a much lower dose (10 mg ZnO/kg capped by 0.31 mg phenolic compounds per kg) than the extracts alone (400 mg extract/kg) following an oral glucose tolerance test. These results demonstrated that green-synthesized ZnONPs with a high retention rate of phytochemicals can induce antihyperglycemic effects at a low dose.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Plant Extracts; Hypoglycemic Agents; Gum Arabic; Polysorbates; Nanoparticles; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36773728
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122715 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics May 2023Oxidative stress, glycation and inflammation are the main causes of many severe diseases. To date, no single extract has been shown to simultaneously inhibit these three...
Oxidative stress, glycation and inflammation are the main causes of many severe diseases. To date, no single extract has been shown to simultaneously inhibit these three reactions. In this study, the antioxidant, antiglycation and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from four edible plants that are commonly used as Thai folk medicine were compared. Among these extracts, Caesalpinia mimosoides extract (CME) showed the highest antioxidant potential with Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) of 5.9 ± 0.1 mM/mg followed closely by Zingiber officinale extract (ZOE) with a TEAC value of 5.4 ± 0.2 mM/mg. However, CME showed no cytotoxicity, whereas ZOE greater than 60 μg/mL showed cytotoxicity to normal human cells. Antiglycation assay using bovine serum albumin-ribose showed comparable potency between CME and Spondias dulcis extract (SDE). However, CME exhibited a high anti-inflammatory activity, significantly higher than SDE and activity depending on the dose. At a concentration of 60 μg/mL, approximately 85% of the interleukin-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from human monocytes, induced by lipopolysaccharides, was completely inhibited by CME whereas SDE showed no inhibition. In summary, CME is the most potential extract with simultaneously activity of these three reactions. CME has the highest total phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalent to 301 ± 8 mg/g. Identification using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of at least four phenolic compounds, gallic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid are existed in CME. Our finding suggests that CME is a promising natural source for inhibition of oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Caesalpinia; Plant Extracts; Phenols; Gallic Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Inflammation
PubMed: 37081689
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01002 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Oct 2017In recent years, the use of fermented plant products to protect against various metabolic syndromes has been increasing enormously. The objective of this study was to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
In recent years, the use of fermented plant products to protect against various metabolic syndromes has been increasing enormously. The objective of this study was to check the regulatory efficacy of fermented plant extract (FPE) on intestinal microflora, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Forty-four mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals (cholesterol 180-220 mg/dL) were recruited and assigned to two groups: experimental or placebo. Volunteers were requested to drink either 60 mL of FPE or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were done in the initial, 4, 8, and 10 weeks. The anthropometric parameters such as body weight, body fat, and body mass index were markedly lowered (p<0.05) on FPE intervention participants. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics in plasma were considerably increased along with a reduction (p<0.05) in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) after FPE supplementation. Participants who drank FPE showed a pronounced increase (p<0.05) in the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., whereas the number of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens (p<0.05) were concomitantly reduced. Furthermore, the lag time of LDL oxidation was substantially ameliorated in FPE-administered group, thus indicating its antioxidative and cardioprotective properties. Treatment with FPE substantially improved the intestinal microflora and thereby positively regulated various physiological functions by lowering the anthropometric parameters, TC, and LDL-c, and remarkably elevated the antioxidant capacity and lag time of LDL oxidation. Therefore, we recommended FPE beverage for combating hypercholesterolemia.
Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Bacteria; Female; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 28987358
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.008 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2019The recent study deals with the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles bounded to Selaginella bryopteris (Sanjeevini) Plant extract (SPE) as reducing and...
The recent study deals with the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles bounded to Selaginella bryopteris (Sanjeevini) Plant extract (SPE) as reducing and capping agents. Selaginella bryopteris plant extract silver nanoparticles (SPE@Ag-NPs) was characterized by PXRD, UV-Vis., FESEM, TEM and EDX. The highly stable SPE@Ag-NPs was found promising as antibacterial and antifungal agents when tested against human pathogens S. aureus, E. coli, and A. niger respectively. Furthermore, SPE@Ag-NPs found to show anticoagulant property by enhancing the clotting time of citrated human PRP as well as PPP from the control 160 s to 220 s and 160 s to 284 s respectively. However, SPE@Ag-NPs exhibited mild antiplatelet activity by inhibiting specifically agonist ADP induced platelet aggregation of about 23% at the concentration of 30 μg. Fascinating, SPE@Ag-NPs did not alter the agonist epinephrine-induced platelet function even at the increased dose. Interestingly, SPE@Ag-NPs did not induce edema and hemorrhage in the experimental mice and also did not hydrolyze RBC cells suggesting its nontoxic property. In conclusion, SPE@Ag-NPs was non-toxic and found to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties. Thus, SPE@Ag-NPs would be a better candidate in the biomedical field especially to treat thrombotic disorders.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Selaginellaceae; Silver; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 30876901
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.222 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021During the shelf-life, meat undergoes a number of processes that negatively affect the quality of the product, including fatty acid composition. The application of...
During the shelf-life, meat undergoes a number of processes that negatively affect the quality of the product, including fatty acid composition. The application of various plant extracts in meat could affect the changes of fatty acids during storage. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various spice and herb extracts on fatty acid composition in raw pork, beef, and chicken meat when stored at 4 °C for 13 days. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, two datasets were extracted from each type of meat. One dataset included samples with allspice, bay leaf, black seed, cardamom, caraway, clove, and nutmeg with the high share of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) in chicken and pork meat and high MUFA and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat after storage. The second dataset included basil, garlic, onion, oregano, rosemary, and thyme with high PUFA share in chicken and pork meat and high SFA (saturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat. From the regression analysis, a significant effect of time on fatty acid composition in meat was reported. Generally, the rates of fatty acid changes were dependent on the plant extract incorporated into the meat. The most visible effect of plant extracts was obtained in chicken meat. In chicken meat with plant extracts, the rates of SFA and PUFA changes with time were slower compared to the control sample. In summary, the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat varied during storage, and the addition of plant extracts significantly affected the rate of these changes, which was dependent on the meat matrix.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Fatty Acids; Plant Extracts; Pork Meat; Preservation, Biological; Principal Component Analysis; Red Meat; Refrigeration; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 34443539
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164952 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The effect of essential oils (obtained using hydrodistillation) and plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and hexanic extractions) of 10 different plants cultivated in...
The effect of essential oils (obtained using hydrodistillation) and plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and hexanic extractions) of 10 different plants cultivated in Brazil were tested using the diffusion agar method, with the objective of evaluating the inhibitory effect of the oils and extracts on the mycelial growth of NRRL 3174 and RC 2054 (UNRC). Of the 40 essential oils and plant extracts analyzed, oregano essential oil and plant extract, rosemary essential oil, and the clove ethanolic extract were the best choice to obtain the growth parameters (radial growth rates (mm day) and lag phase (h)) due the good results presented and the volume of oil/extract obtained. Comparing all the essential oils and plant extracts that were tested for growth parameters, the best results were obtained for the clove ethanolic extract for both strains assayed. These results demonstrated an outstanding potential use of some of these products in prevention of fungal contamination in food. However, further studies need to be conducted to determine the ability of these oils and extracts to inhibit or reduce ochratoxin A production.
Topics: Agar; Aspergillus; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils
PubMed: 36234959
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196422 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Among all cancers, lung cancer is the one with the highest mortality rate, and it also has limited therapeutics. Antitumor agents based on medicinal plants have gained...
Among all cancers, lung cancer is the one with the highest mortality rate, and it also has limited therapeutics. Antitumor agents based on medicinal plants have gained importance as a source of bioactive substances. is a plant of great cultural value, and recent reports have suggested its cytotoxic effects in tumor cells. Our objective was to evaluate the antitumor activity of extract in a lung carcinoma model. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from fresh flowers and leaves of ; both extracts did not exert toxicity on . We observed cytotoxic effects induced by the floral extract in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and breast tumor cell line (MCF7), but not by the leaf extract. In vivo, a xenograft lung carcinoma model was performed with LLC cells implanted on C57BL/6 mice, which showed that the floral extract reduced tumor growth and improved the effect of etoposide. Microscopic analysis of tumors showed a reduction in mitoses and an increase in necrotic areas with the extract and the etoposide. The main phytochemical compounds found are 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, octadecanoic acid, benzenacetic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and acetic acid. We conclude that the hydroalcoholic extract of . flowers has cytotoxic effects in lung carcinoma cells and enhances the effect of etoposide.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Tagetes; Lung Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Etoposide; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Antineoplastic Agents; Lung; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37894532
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207055