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Toxins Nov 2023In a few regions of the globe, deliberate botanical intoxication may induce significant rates of toxicity and fatality. The objective of this report was to describe... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In a few regions of the globe, deliberate botanical intoxication may induce significant rates of toxicity and fatality. The objective of this report was to describe plant self-intoxication using the experiences of the southeastern France poison control center (PCC) between 2002 and 2021.
RESULTS
During those 20 years, 262 deliberate plants poisonings were reported involving 35 various plants. In most of the cases, poisoning was caused by (n = 186, 71%), followed by the genus (4.2%), (3.8%), (1.9%), (1.2%), (1.9%), (1.5%), and (1.2%). Through the 262 plants poisonings, 19 patients among the 186 poisonings received Digifab as an antidote and 1 patient received physostigmine among the 11 Datura poisonings. Only four deaths were reported for this review, each involving .
DISCUSSION
The first involved species was (71% of all plants poisonings), then sp and . It is explained by this native local species' important repartition. Most patients must be admitted to an emergency department for adapted medical care; however, only 41 of them described severe poisonings symptoms. Even fewer needed an antidote, only 20 patients. There is no protocol for the use of a specific treatment, and it might be interesting to develop one for this purpose.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This retrospective review was realized with files managed by the southeastern France PCC based in Marseille from 2002 to 2021. Our department covers the complete French Mediterranean coast, Corsica, and tropical islands (Reunion Island, Mayotte). For every patient, toxicity was evaluated using the Poison Severity Score (PSS).
Topics: Humans; Antidotes; France; Plant Poisoning; Poisons; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 38133175
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120671 -
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Sep 2021
Topics: Aconitum; Heart Arrest; Humans; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 34172375
DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2021.03.005 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2018Poisonous plants have a devastating impact on the livestock industry as well as human health. To fully understand the effects of poisonous plants, multiple scientific... (Review)
Review
Poisonous plants have a devastating impact on the livestock industry as well as human health. To fully understand the effects of poisonous plants, multiple scientific disciplines are required. Chemical analysis of plant secondary compounds is key to identifying the responsible toxins, characterizing their metabolism, and understanding their effects on animals and humans. In this review, we highlight some of the successes in studying poisonous plants and mitigating their toxic effects. We also highlight some of the remaining challenges and opportunities with regards to the chemical analysis of poisonous plants.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Livestock; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Toxins, Biological
PubMed: 29557651
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00337 -
Natural Product Research Jul 2021poisoning, referred to as 'vermeersiekte' is an important plant poisoning in southern Africa. Three sesquiterpene lactones, isogeigerin acetate () ivalin () and...
poisoning, referred to as 'vermeersiekte' is an important plant poisoning in southern Africa. Three sesquiterpene lactones, isogeigerin acetate () ivalin () and geigerin () were isolated and purified from Harv. (Asteraceae). Structures were deduced using 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, while the absolute configurations of compounds and were determined for the first time by X-ray crystal diffraction analyses. Cytotoxicity of isogeigerin acetate, ivalin and geigerin were compared by exposing a murine skeletal myoblast (C2C12) cell line to varying concentrations of the three sesquiterpene lactones isolated. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The ECs were 3.746, 0.0029 and 3.792 mM for isogeigerin acetate (), ivalin () and geigerin (), respectively. The results indicate that ivalin is much more toxic, approximately 1000 times, compared to isogeigerin acetate and geigerin.
Topics: Animals; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Geigeria; Lactones; Mice; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 31617781
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1675068 -
Disease-a-month : DM Mar 2016
Review
Topics: Agaricales; Atlases as Topic; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Mushroom Poisoning; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic
PubMed: 26965743
DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.12.002 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021intentional poisoning is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological features...
INTRODUCTION
intentional poisoning is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological features of criminal intoxication in Morocco.
METHOD
we conducted a retrospective study of all cases of criminal intoxication identified by the Morocco Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Centre (MPCPC) between 1980 and 2014.
RESULTS
during the study period, 611 cases of criminal poisoning were recorded, reflecting a rate of 2.1% of all intentional poisoning reported during the same period. The average age of intoxicated patients was 26.4±14.3 years. More than a quarter of the subjects were children under the age of 15 (28.6%). According to the study results, 55.9% were male, with a sex-ratio (M/F) of 1.3. The majority of cases (89.4%) occurred in urban areas. Collective intoxications were reported in 24.4% of cases. The most frequently used products were pesticides (19.1%) and plants (19%). Patients developed different symptoms based on the toxic substances used, the amount ingested and the time elapsed before treatment. A range of digestive, neurological, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders were reported. Out of 440 patients with outcome data available, 27 died. The remainder of patients survived with or without sequelae.
CONCLUSION
criminal poisoning is a major issue. The number of cases is probably underestimated due to a large number of undiagnosed or unreported cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Crime; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morocco; Pesticides; Pharmacovigilance; Plant Poisoning; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning; Poisons; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 33854671
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.42.27450 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Oct 2020Some species of the genus Brachiaria are cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climate regions as the main feed for ruminants. Several studies report...
Some species of the genus Brachiaria are cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climate regions as the main feed for ruminants. Several studies report photosensitization by Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, and Brachiaria humidicola, but the poisoning by Brachiaria ruziziensis have been reported only twice. Cutaneous and hepatic lesions may be caused by the steroidal saponins present in the leaves or by the mycotoxin sporidesmin produced by the saprophyte fungus Pithomyces chartarum. The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes observed in an outbreak of hepatogenic photosensitization in sheep kept in B. ruziziensis pastures. In addition, the present study will provide a better understanding of the etiology of this photosensitization through the evaluation of the saponin protodioscin and the spore count of P. chartarum. Santa Inês and Lacaune mixed-breed sheep showed signs of photosensitization after feeding B. ruziziensis. Clinical signs included jaundice, apathy, dehydration, and photosensitization characterized by facial edema and cutaneous scars, especially in the ears. Pathological examination of the liver revealed diffuse infiltrates of foamy cells, rare multinucleated cells, and mild enlargement of hepatocytes (megalocytosis). The skin showed acute epidermal and dermal necrosis with occlusive thrombi. B. ruziziensis showed low levels of protodioscin (0.020 ± 0.024% in mature leaves and 0.065 ± 0.084% in sprouts) but high P. chartarum spore counts (mean of 479,844 ± 443,951 spores/g plant). Thus, sheep grazing B. ruziziensis pastures must be closely monitored because of the risk of photosensitization.
Topics: Animals; Brachiaria; Diosgenin; Liver; Photosensitivity Disorders; Plant Poisoning; Saponins; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Skin
PubMed: 32598988
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.022 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Jul 2021The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes induced by the consumption of oats contaminated with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds by horses. Eighty...
The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes induced by the consumption of oats contaminated with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds by horses. Eighty horses were exposed to oats containing 10 g/kg of C. spectabilis seeds with 0.46% pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and 21 horses died within a 6-month period. Clinical signs included jaundice, apathy, a hypotonic tongue, ataxia, hyporexia, weight loss, aimless wandering, violent behavior, and proprioceptive deficits. Pathological findings were predominant in the liver and included periportal bridging fibrosis, megalocytosis, centrilobular necrosis, and bile stasis. Other findings were Alzheimer's type II astrocytes in the cortex, midbrain, basal nuclei, brainstem and pons; multifocal edema and hemorrhage in the lungs; and degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium of kidneys. Horses are highly sensitive to pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, and the observed clinical and pathological findings are typical of this poisoning. The seeds were planted, and botanical identification of the adult plants confirmed the diagnosis of C. spectabilis poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Avena; Crotalaria; Horses; Liver; Plant Poisoning; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
PubMed: 33852904
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.001 -
The Veterinary Record Dec 2023
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Horses; Plant Poisoning; Horse Diseases; Poisoning; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 38100696
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3782 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2014Hybanthus calceolaria, also known as "papaconha" or "ipepacuanha," is a herbaceous plant found in northeastern Brazil, which is often implicated by farmers as the cause...
Hybanthus calceolaria, also known as "papaconha" or "ipepacuanha," is a herbaceous plant found in northeastern Brazil, which is often implicated by farmers as the cause of neurological signs in livestock grazing. Several poisoning outbreaks associated with the ingestion of this plant were observed in cattle in the municipalities of Colônia de Gurguéia in the state of Piauí and Sirinhaém in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The main clinical signs were ataxia, recumbency, and myokymia. No significant lesions were observed during necropsy or on histological examination. The disease was experimentally reproduced by the administration of 2 daily doses of 40 g/kg/body weight of the fresh green plant containing fruits. The plants without fruits were nontoxic, which is in accordance with the farmers' information, as it was stated that the poisoning only occurs when the plant is fruiting.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Outbreaks; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Violaceae
PubMed: 25085870
DOI: 10.1177/1040638714544685