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Carbohydrate Polymers Apr 2019Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix of plants that were first isolated and described in the 1970s. Today, the consensus is that... (Review)
Review
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix of plants that were first isolated and described in the 1970s. Today, the consensus is that the following features are regarded as typical for these molecules: In contrast to broad knowledge on AGPs in seed plants, insight in occurrence and structure of AGPs in spore-producing land plants (bryophytes, lycophytes and monilophytes) is very limited, although these plants are the closest living relatives to seed plants. In general, understanding of cell wall evolution is incomplete due to limited knowledge of cell wall structure of non-flowering plants. In this review, current knowledge on AGPs of mosses, clubmosses and ferns is summarized, possible functions are discussed and suggestions for future investigations are given.
Topics: Embryophyta; Mucoproteins; Plant Proteins; Spores
PubMed: 30732757
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.077 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2017
Topics: Humans; Peptides; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins; Plants; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 28929956
DOI: 10.2174/138920371804170206201325 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2014Mounting of efficient plant defence responses depends on the ability to trigger a rapid defence reaction after recognition of the invading microbe. Activation of plant... (Review)
Review
Mounting of efficient plant defence responses depends on the ability to trigger a rapid defence reaction after recognition of the invading microbe. Activation of plant resistance is achieved by modulation of the activity of multiple transcriptional regulators, both DNA-binding transcription factors and their regulatory proteins, that are able to reprogram transcription in the plant cell towards the activation of defence signalling. Here we provide an overview of recent developments on the transcriptional control of plant defence responses and discuss defence-related hormone signalling, the role of WRKY transcription factors during the regulation of plant responses to pathogens, nuclear functions of plant immune receptor proteins, as well as varied ways by which microbial effectors subvert plant transcriptional reprogramming to promote disease.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 24840291
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.04.004 -
Scientific American Apr 2017
Topics: Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Eye; Humans; Lasers; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sunlight; Vision, Ocular; X-Rays
PubMed: 28437425
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0517-62 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Oct 2016An intricate web of regulatory relationships between DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites regulates how organisms achieve form and function. Genome sequencing combined... (Review)
Review
An intricate web of regulatory relationships between DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites regulates how organisms achieve form and function. Genome sequencing combined with computational methods has allowed us to look at diverse readouts and generate a comprehensive framework for how molecules generate morphological phenotypes. RNAseq has evolved and proved useful for identifying links between transcription factor activity and transcript abundance, and for the generation of transcriptomes in non-model species through de novo assembly. Gene coexpression networks, combined with differential correlation analysis, offer the most versatile gene interaction exploratory tools, using gene expression patterns to determine potential associations and modularity of gene interactions and the differential associations between networks. Networks incorporating different types of biological data can help reduce the complexity of the entirety of biological information into discrete and interpretable pieces of data that can be the starting point for hypothesis construction and testing.
Topics: Computational Biology; Gene Regulatory Networks; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 27455887
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.016 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage...
Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage to different biomolecules [...].
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Dehydration; Stress, Physiological; Plants; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 36291589
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101380 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant... (Review)
Review
Plasmodesmata are plant intercellular channels that mediate the transport of small and large molecules including RNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate plant development. In this review, we present current research on plasmodesmata form and function and discuss the main regulatory pathways. We show the progress made in the development of approaches and tools to dissect the plasmodesmata proteome in diverse plant species and discuss future perspectives and challenges in this field of research.
Topics: Cell Communication; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plasmodesmata; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35349130
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_1 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants,... (Review)
Review
Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants, mammals and bacteria, some TIRs have enzymatic functions that are crucial for disease resistance and/or cell death. Many plant TIR-only proteins and pathogen effector-activated TIR-domain NLR receptors are NAD hydrolysing enzymes. Biochemical, structural and functional studies established that for both plant TIR-protein types, and certain bacterial TIRs, NADase activity generates bioactive signalling intermediates which promote resistance. A set of plant TIR-catalysed nucleotide isomers was discovered which bind to and activate EDS1 complexes, promoting their interactions with co-functioning helper NLRs. Analysis of TIR enzymes across kingdoms fills an important gap in understanding how pathogen disturbance induces TIR-regulated immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-1; Plant Proteins; Plant Immunity; Plants; Disease Resistance; Bacteria; Plant Diseases; Arabidopsis Proteins; Mammals
PubMed: 37150050
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102373 -
Trends in Plant Science Sep 2023The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational... (Review)
Review
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational regulations of its core components have garnered considerable attention. To date, several proteins that regulate these core components, either positively or negatively at the protein and transcript levels, have been identified. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the functional regulation of the core proteins of the SOS pathway and an expanding spectrum of their upstream effectors in plants. Furthermore, we also discuss how these novel regulators act as key signaling nodes of multilayer control of plant development and stress adaptation through modulation of the SOS core proteins at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
Topics: Salt Tolerance; Arabidopsis Proteins; Plant Proteins; Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37117077
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.003 -
Annual Review of Plant Biology May 2022Posttranslational modifications add complexity and diversity to cellular proteomes. One of the most prevalent modifications across eukaryotes is ubiquitination, which is... (Review)
Review
Posttranslational modifications add complexity and diversity to cellular proteomes. One of the most prevalent modifications across eukaryotes is ubiquitination, which is orchestrated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. U-box-containing E3 ligases have massively expanded in the plant kingdom and have diversified into plant U-box proteins (PUBs). PUBs likely originated from two or three ancestral forms, fusing with diverse functional subdomains that resulted in neofunctionalization. Their emergence and diversification may reflect adaptations to stress during plant evolution, reflecting changes in the needs of plant proteomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Through their close association with protein kinases, they are physically linked to cell signaling hubs and activate feedback loops by dynamically pairing with E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to generate distinct ubiquitin polymers that themselves act as signals. Here, we complement current knowledgewith comparative genomics to gain a deeper understanding of PUB function, focusing on their evolution and structural adaptations of key U-box residues, as well as their various roles in plant cells.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Plants; Proteome; Signal Transduction; Ubiquitin; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 35226816
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-012310