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The Plant Cell Apr 2022Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors,... (Review)
Review
Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are primarily viral. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in broadening our understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions, yet on the molecular level, viruses and vectors have typically been studied in isolation of each other until recently. From that work, it is clear that both hemipteran vectors and viruses use effectors to manipulate host physiology and successfully colonize a plant and that co-evolutionary dynamics have resulted in effective host immune responses, as well as diverse mechanisms of counterattack by both challengers. In this review, we focus on advances in effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions and the underlying mechanisms. We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from the interaction (mutualism). To support this view, we show that mutualisms are common in virus-vector interactions and that virus and vector effectors target conserved mechanisms of plant immunity, including plant transcription factors, and plant protein degradation pathways. Finally, we outline ways to identify true effector synergisms in the future and propose future research directions concerning the roles effectors play in plant-virus-vector interactions.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Insect Vectors; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 35277714
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac058 -
Viruses Mar 2020We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue....
We recently completed the Special Issue on 'Plant Virus Epidemiology and Control'. As editors, we decided not to offer vouchers to scientists that submit to this issue. This action had an effect on the number of papers received and accepted. We received a total of 19 papers and we accepted four [...].
Topics: Epidemiology; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 32178441
DOI: 10.3390/v12030309 -
Annual Review of Phytopathology 2015Torradoviruses are an example of a group of recently discovered plant viruses. The first description of Tomato torrado virus, now the type member of the newly... (Review)
Review
Torradoviruses are an example of a group of recently discovered plant viruses. The first description of Tomato torrado virus, now the type member of the newly established genus Torradovirus within the family Secoviridae, was published in 2007 and was quickly followed by findings of other torradoviruses, initially all on tomato. Their characterization led to the development of tools that allowed recognition of still other torradoviruses, only very recently found on non-tomato crops, which indicates these viruses have a much wider host range and diversity than previously believed. This review describes the characteristics of this newly emerged group of plant viruses. It looks in detail at taxonomic relationships and specific characteristics in their genomes and encoded proteins. Furthermore, it discusses their epidemiology, including host range, semipersistent transmission by whitefly vectors, and impact on diverse cropping systems.
Topics: Animals; Crops, Agricultural; Genome, Viral; Hemiptera; Host Specificity; Insect Vectors; Picornaviridae; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 26047567
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120021 -
Viruses Jul 2019I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who...
I thank all the teams of authors, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who put this special issue together [...].
Topics: Biodiversity; Ecology; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 31344791
DOI: 10.3390/v11080676 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2021Plant viruses have been engineered to express heterologous proteins and RNAs in plants for several decades. This viral system can now be applied to editing plant... (Review)
Review
Plant viruses have been engineered to express heterologous proteins and RNAs in plants for several decades. This viral system can now be applied to editing plant genomes. Virus vectors can deliver Cas proteins and guide RNAs, two key components of the CRISPR gene-editing system, into a plant cell without a complicated experimental procedure. In some cases, plant viruses move to meristematic cells and express gene-editing components in the cell, which results in the production of mutant seeds. Here, we focus on three main issues of the virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) technology in plants: (1) how to express the relatively large size of Cas proteins, (2) how to express guide RNA, and (3) how to increase the efficiency with which viruses are delivered into meristematic cells. We highlight recent advances in how plant virus vectors can be used efficiently in plant-genome editing.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Gene Editing; Genome, Plant; Plant Viruses; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
PubMed: 33450609
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101992 -
Virus Research Sep 2020Changes in global climate driven by anthropogenic activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have been progressively increasing and are... (Review)
Review
Changes in global climate driven by anthropogenic activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have been progressively increasing and are projected to intensify. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature will have significant consequences for future food production, quality, distribution and security. The epidemiology of plant viruses will be altered in the future as a result of climate change. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, increased temperature, changes to water availability and more frequent extreme weather events will have direct and indirect effects on plant viruses through changes in hosts and vectors. Predicted climatic changes will affect the distribution and survival of plant viruses and their vectors, which are expected to increase in many geographic regions. Furthermore, climate change can affect the virulence and pathogenicity of plant viruses, consequently increasing the frequency and scale of disease outbreaks. Thus, greater understanding of plant virus epidemiology is needed to better anticipate challenges ahead and to develop effective and robust control strategies that will aid in securing global food production for the future.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Crops, Agricultural; Food Security; Humans; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Temperature
PubMed: 32561376
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198059 -
Viruses Jan 2021We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
We are pleased to present in this Special Issue a series of reviews and research studies on the topic of "" [...].
Topics: Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 33401517
DOI: 10.3390/v13010055 -
Viruses Jun 2023The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in...
The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in Australasia during the final year of the official COVID-19 pandemic [...].
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Australasia; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 37376611
DOI: 10.3390/v15061311 -
Annual Review of Virology Sep 2020Autophagy is a conserved vacuole/lysosome-mediated degradation pathway for clearing and recycling cellular components including cytosol, macromolecules, and... (Review)
Review
Autophagy is a conserved vacuole/lysosome-mediated degradation pathway for clearing and recycling cellular components including cytosol, macromolecules, and dysfunctional organelles. In recent years, autophagy has emerged to play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions. It acts as an antiviral defense mechanism in plants. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that plant viruses can manipulate, hijack, or even exploit the autophagy pathway to promote pathogenesis, demonstrating the pivotal role of autophagy in the evolutionary arms race between hosts and viruses. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the antiviral and proviral roles of autophagy in plant-virus interactions.
Topics: Autophagy; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Organelles; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 32530794
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010220-054709 -
Virology May 2015Replication and intercellular spread of viruses depend on host mechanisms supporting the formation, transport and turnover of functional complexes between viral genomes,... (Review)
Review
Replication and intercellular spread of viruses depend on host mechanisms supporting the formation, transport and turnover of functional complexes between viral genomes, virus-encoded products and cellular factors. To enhance these processes, viruses assemble and replicate in membrane-associated complexes that may develop into "virus factories" or "viroplasms" in which viral components and host factors required for replication are concentrated. Many plant viruses replicate in association with the cortical ER-actin network that is continuous between cells through plasmodesmata. The replication complexes can be highly organized and supported by network interactions between the viral genome and the virus-encoded proteins. Intracellular PD targeting of replication complexes links the process of movement to replication and provides specificity for transport of the viral genome by the virus-encoded movement proteins. The formation and trafficking of replication complexes and also the development and anchorage of replication factories involves important roles of the cortical cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cytoskeleton; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Diseases; Plant Viral Movement Proteins; Plant Viruses; Virus Replication
PubMed: 25746797
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.025