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The American Journal of the Medical... Mar 2016
Topics: Aged; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Plasmacytoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 26992263
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.002 -
Cancer Medicine Dec 2022Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a solitary tumor consisting of neoplastic plasma cells, with very little to no bone marrow involvement. EMPs are usually located in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a solitary tumor consisting of neoplastic plasma cells, with very little to no bone marrow involvement. EMPs are usually located in the head and neck region, but can also occur along the digestive tract, in lungs, or extremities.
METHODS
Following our publication on EMP, which appeared in 1999 (Cancer 85:2305-14), we conducted a literature search for EMP-related reports published between 1999 and 2021. The documented cases, as well as 14 of our own patients from the ENT Clinic Erlangen, were extensively analyzed.
RESULTS
Between 1998 and 2021, 1134 patients with EMP were reported, for whom information about the tumor localization was available. Among those, 62.4% had EMP in the head and neck area and 37.6% in other body regions. Data on therapy were reported in 897 patients, including 34.3% who received radiation, 28.1% surgery, 22.6% a combination of surgery and radiation, and 15.9% another therapy. In 76.9% patients no recurrence or transformation to multiple myeloma (MM) was reported, 12.8% showed local recurrence and 10.2% developed MM. Radiotherapy alone was associated with a tendency for increased occurrence of MM. In patients with EMP of head and neck area, combination therapy (surgery and radiation) resulted in a 5-year overall survival rate of 98.3%, surgery alone of 92.4%, and radiotherapy of 92.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our analyses indicate that surgical resection alone can achieve long-term tumor control in patients with EMP, if the tumor can be removed within safe limits without causing serious functional impairment. However, if this is not certain, either radiation or a combination of surgery and radiation therapy is suggested as an effective means of local tumor control.
Topics: Humans; Plasmacytoma; Follow-Up Studies; Survival Rate; Multiple Myeloma; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 35578404
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4816 -
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia Nov 2022Plasma cell neoplasms are exceptionally rare in the pediatric population; the demographic characteristics and the clinical outcomes of plasma cell neoplasms in this...
INTRODUCTION
Plasma cell neoplasms are exceptionally rare in the pediatric population; the demographic characteristics and the clinical outcomes of plasma cell neoplasms in this population are currently poorly understood. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of pediatric plasma cell neoplasms, based on the United-States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program registries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All pediatric patients (aged less than 20 years) diagnosed with a malignant plasma cell neoplasm were retrieved from the SEER Program database (18 registries), collecting patient records between 2000 and 2018. The plasma cell neoplasm type, sex, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, race and origin, primary disease site, follow-up duration, and vital status at the last known contact were retrieved and analyzed.
RESULTS
The age-adjusted incidence rate of plasma cell neoplasms for 1,000,000 person-years was 0.06 for the pediatric population (compared with 90.6 for the adult population). The types of pediatric plasma cell neoplasms predominantly consisted of plasmacytomas, with 11 solitary extraosseous plasmacytoma (42.3%) and 7 solitary bone plasmacytoma (26.9%), while plasma cell myelomas represented only a minority of the neoplasms (8 patients; 30.8%). Most plasmacytomas were localized in the head and neck region. Hispanic patients represented 50% of the pediatric plasma cell neoplasm cases (but only 11.1% of adult cases, P < .01). Female-to-Male ratio was 1.36. Five-year overall survival rates were 88.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 74.2%-100%) for pediatric plasmacytoma and 36.5% (95% CI: 12.4%-100%) for pediatric plasma cell myeloma (P = .013).
CONCLUSION
This first population-based study of pediatric plasma cell neoplasms underlines the rarity of this entity and demonstrates its unique characteristics, including the significant predominance of plasmacytomas, of female patients, and of patients from hispanic origin, and the poor clinical outcomes of pediatric plasma cell myeloma patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Male; Female; United States; Plasmacytoma; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Bone Neoplasms; Registries
PubMed: 35941071
DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.07.003 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2017Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disorder comprising 5%-10% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Progression to multiple myeloma is the most common pattern of relapse....
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disorder comprising 5%-10% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Progression to multiple myeloma is the most common pattern of relapse. Appearance of new lesions without any systemic disease is the most unusual pattern of relapse seen in <2% cases. We present a case of a 46-year-old female who presented with features of third and seventh cranial nerve palsy, diagnosed with solitary plasmacytoma, with no evidence of any systemic disease. As per standard recommendations, the patient received radiotherapy to the local site. The patient developed relapse twice, at three sites, during the follow-up period. Investigations revealed no evidence of any systemic disease. In view of repeat relapses, the patient was started on immune modulatory agent. Two and half years after the last radiotherapy, the patient is symptom free with no evidence of any new lesion.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Cyclophosphamide; Diphosphonates; Disease Progression; Female; Femur; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Plasmacytoma; Thalidomide; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29054949
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221780 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2016Hematolymphoid neoplasms of the sinonasal tract are rare and the majority represents non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This review will focus on morphologic, immunophenotypic, and... (Review)
Review
Hematolymphoid neoplasms of the sinonasal tract are rare and the majority represents non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This review will focus on morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics of the most common types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, namely diffuse large B cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, but also include the discussion of less frequent other hematolymphoid entities, such as extranodal plasmacytomas and Rosai-Dorfman disease.
Topics: Histiocytosis, Sinus; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nose Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 26830397
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0698-5 -
British Journal of Haematology Jul 2020
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 32301114
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16646 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2023Plasmacytomas are a rare spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms that are single localized tumours, lacking the clinical features of plasma cell myeloma with no radiographical...
Plasmacytomas are a rare spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms that are single localized tumours, lacking the clinical features of plasma cell myeloma with no radiographical evidence of additional plasma cell tumours. Two clinical variants of plasmacytomas can be distinguished: solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary (or extraosseous) plasmacytoma. The latter is rare, representing 1% of all plasma cell neoplasms, occurring most frequently in the upper airways. Ovarian localization is exceptional, with only a few cases being reported in the literature. We herein report a case of an ovarian extramedullary plasmacytoma occurring in a 56-year-old woman who consulted for abdominal pain and abdominal mass, while highlighting the main histological and immunohistochemical features of this rare malignancy, along with a thorough review of literature gathering all cases of ovarian plasmacytomas reported to date.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Multiple Myeloma; Radiography; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 37250677
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.108.37603 -
Blood Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Plasmacytoma; Chromosome Aberrations; Disease Progression
PubMed: 38032673
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021859 -
ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2023Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is classified as solitary bone or solitary... (Review)
Review
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is classified as solitary bone or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Here, we present two rare cases of plasmacytoma of the head and neck. The first is a 78-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of epistaxis and progressive obstruction of the right nasal passage. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging revealed a mass in the right nasal cavity with destruction to the maxillary sinus. An excisional biopsy was performed revealing anaplastic plasmacytoma. The second is a 64-year-old male with a past medical history significant for prostate cancer who presented with a 2-month history of left ear pain and progressive non-tender temporal swelling. A PET/CT revealed a highly avid, destructive, and lytic left temporal mass with no other evidence of distant disease. A left temporal craniectomy and infratemporal fossa dissection revealed plasma cell dyscrasia with monoclonal lambda in situ hybridization. Although plasmacytomas are uncommon tumors of the head and neck, they may mimic other entities that require different treatment. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapeutic decisions and prognosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Nasal Cavity; Head; Neck
PubMed: 37364541
DOI: 10.1159/000530946 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Jan 2017In contrast to multiple myeloma (MM) which exhibits diffuse bone marrow and other organ involvement, solitary plasmacytomas carry a favourable prognosis. Extramedullary... (Review)
Review
In contrast to multiple myeloma (MM) which exhibits diffuse bone marrow and other organ involvement, solitary plasmacytomas carry a favourable prognosis. Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are a unique form of plasma cell neoplasms. These tumours are rare in the female reproductive tract. Only 24 cases of gynaecologic plasmacytomas were reported to date (7 cases were solitary plasmacytomas and 17 cases were either part of disseminated MM with involvement of a gynaecologic organ or were lacking complete work-up to rule out MM). The standard care of gynaecologic solitary EMP is surgical resection alone when feasible. Adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered for adverse prognostic factors such as positive resection margins. MM with gynaecologic organ involvement should be managed with systemic therapy and defer local therapies to symptomatic progression.
Topics: Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 27760483
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1205567