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Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2018Extramedullary plasmacytoma represents 3%-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Plasmacytomas of the mesentery are extremely rare. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who...
Extramedullary plasmacytoma represents 3%-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Plasmacytomas of the mesentery are extremely rare. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with an abdominal mass and was diagnosed to have plasmacytoma of the mesentery. A literature review was also conducted on publications pertaining to solitary mesenteric plasmacytomas. These patients present late by which time the abdominal mass has reached a significant size. Radiation as a modality for local control has a limited role in treating mesenteric plasmacytomas. Surgery is the preferred modality for local control. Patients must be kept on a regular follow-up as there is a risk of transformation to multiple myeloma.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 30207325
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_296_18 -
Spine Sep 2023Retrospective analysis.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to establish nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with solitary plasmacytoma of the spine (SPS).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
SPS is a rare type of malignant spinal tumor. A systematic study of prognostic factors associated with survival can provide guidance to clinicians and patients. Consideration of other causes of death (OCOD) in CSS will improve clinical practicability.
METHODS
A total of 1078 patients extracted from the SEER database between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed. Patients were grouped into training and testing data sets (7:3). Factors associated with OS and CSS were identified by Cox regression and competing risk regression, respectively, for the establishment of nomograms on a training data set. The testing data set was used for the external validation of the performance of the nomograms using calibration curves, Brier's scores, C-indexes, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULTS
Age and grade were identified as factors associated with both OS and CSS, along with marital status, radiation for OS, and chemotherapy for CSS. Heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus were found to be the 3 most common causes of OCOD. The nomograms showed satisfactory agreement on calibration plots for both training and testing data sets. Integrated Brier score, C-index, and overall area under the curve on the testing data set were 0.162/0.717/0.789 and 0.173/0.709/0.756 for OS and CSS, respectively. DCA curves showed a good clinical net benefit. Nomogram-based web tools were developed for clinical application.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence for risk factors and prognostication of survival in SPS patients. The novel nomograms and web-based tools we developed demonstrated good performance and might serve as accessory tools for clinical decision-making and SPS management.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
Topics: Humans; Plasmacytoma; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies; Bone Neoplasms; Internet; Prognosis
PubMed: 37036328
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004679 -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2022This report describes periarticular plasma cell tumors with abundant amyloid in 11 cats. The tarsus was the most commonly affected joint (10/11), and the masses were...
This report describes periarticular plasma cell tumors with abundant amyloid in 11 cats. The tarsus was the most commonly affected joint (10/11), and the masses were often circumferential around the tarsal joint, involving the dermis and subcutis. The 2 cases in which synovium was examined had neoplastic cells expanding the synovium. Three of the 5 cases staged radiographically had bony lysis of the affected joint. Cutaneous biopsy specimens often consisted of more amyloid than plasma cells, making the diagnosis difficult on small samples. Follow-up information was available in 7 cases; in those cases, the median survival was 194 days (range 53-671 days). Four cases had confirmed metastases, most often to regional lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Although canine cutaneous plasma cell tumors are typically benign, those with abundant amyloid surrounding the joints of cats may involve deeper tissues and have a more aggressive behavior. These tumors can be difficult to diagnose due to low cellularity and abundant amyloid.
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Osteolysis; Plasma Cells; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 34763582
DOI: 10.1177/03009858211048621 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 2017
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Plasmacytoma; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 28414594
DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.9.993 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2020To study the histological structure and immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters of the plasmacytoma tumour substrate in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
BACKGROUND
To study the histological structure and immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters of the plasmacytoma tumour substrate in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
METHODS
The study included 21 patients (10 men/11 women) aged 23 to 73 years old with newly diagnosed MM complicated by plasmacytoma. Bone plasmacytoma was diagnosed in 14 patients, and extramedullary plasmacytoma was diagnosed in 7 patients. Plasmacytoma tissue specimens were examined using a LEICA DM4000B microscope. Anti-CD56, anti-CD166, anti-CXCR4, anti-Ki-67, and anti-c-MYC antibodies were used for IHC study of plasmacytoma biopsies.
RESULTS
When comparing the morphology of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma, no significant differences were revealed; however, the substrate of extramedullary plasmacytoma was more often represented by tumour cells with an immature morphology than was the bone plasmacytoma substrate (57.1% vs. 28.6%, respectively). We revealed a significant difference in the expression of CD166 between bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. The mean values of CD166 expression in bone plasmacytoma cells were significantly higher (36.29 ± 7.61% versus 9.57 ± 8.46%, respectively; p = 0.033) than those in extramedullary plasmacytoma cells. We noticed that in extramedullary plasmacytoma cells, there were higher values for the Ki-67 index than in bone plasmacytoma cells, and this result was independent of cell morphology.
CONCLUSION
The mechanisms involved in the dissemination of tumour plasma cells are currently unexplored. Even in such a small sample, some differences in expression could be identified, which may indicate that different mechanisms lead to the formation of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas. Specifically, the expression of CD166 in extramedullary plasmacytoma cells was almost 4 times lower than that in bone plasmacytoma cells, which may indicate the involvement of CD166 in the mechanisms of bone destruction. The proliferative activity of extramedullary plasmacytoma cells was shown to be higher than that of bone plasmacytoma cells.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32321465
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06870-w -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...To describe patients with periocular solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEMP) and multiple myeloma (MM), together with an estimate of the risk of progression from...
AIMS
To describe patients with periocular solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEMP) and multiple myeloma (MM), together with an estimate of the risk of progression from SEMP to MM.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective case-note review for patients seen between 1978 and 2020, examining demographics, presentation, imaging, pathology, management, and outcome.
RESULTS
Twenty patients (10 male; 50%) presented at a mean age of 60.9 years, with an average symptom duration of 4.5 months. Ten (50%) patients had known systemic myeloma at ophthalmic presentation (the MM group) and, on average, they presented one decade earlier than those with occult MM discovered after orbital biopsy (p = 0.06); the majority (9/15; 60%) of patients with MM were female, whereas there was a male bias (4/5; 80%) with SEMP (p = 0.30). Most tumors (15/20; 75%) were within the anterior part of the orbit, especially superolaterally (16 patients; 80%), and the soft-tissue mass often appeared to "explode" from the frontal bone or greater wing of the sphenoid (16/20; 80%). Full treatment details were known for 19 patients: 6 (32%) had solely orbital radiotherapy, 4 (21%) chemotherapy, 6 (32%) combined chemoradiation, and 3 (16%) had combined chemoradiation with stem-cell transplant (Table 3). After an average follow up of 58 months, 1/5 (20%) patients with SEMP and 11/15 (73%) with MM had tumor-related death. The overall survival probability for all 20 patients with periocular plasmacytoma was 34% at 5 and 10 years, with MM patients having a worse outlook (27% 5-year, and 18% 10-year survival) compared with SEMP (53% survival at 5 and 10 years) (p = 0.18). None of the 5 patients with SEMP progressed to systemic MM over an average follow up of 9.1 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Although 50% patients with periocular plasmacytoma appear to have a SEMP at ophthalmic presentation, a half of these patients were found to have occult MM within 6 months of biopsy. Of those without systemic disease around the time of biopsy, none developed MM over an average follow up of more than 9 years.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34293789
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002023 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 2014Solitary osseous plasmacytoma rarely involves the distal extremities. We report a case and provide a brief review of the relevant literature. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Solitary osseous plasmacytoma rarely involves the distal extremities. We report a case and provide a brief review of the relevant literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a 64-year-old man who presented with swelling, mild pain and a deformed right index finger. The workup led to the diagnosis of solitary osseous plasmacytoma and the patient eventually required amputation of his finger. With clinical follow-up, the disease spread to regional lymph nodes and subsequently the patient developed systemic involvement and received chemotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Solitary osseous plasmacytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of distal extremity neoplasms.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bone Neoplasms; Finger Phalanges; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24964361
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202413 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Apr 2018Given the rarity of intracranial plasmacytomas, these lesions are frequently misdiagnosed as pituitary adenomas. We report on the distinguishing characteristics of... (Review)
Review
Given the rarity of intracranial plasmacytomas, these lesions are frequently misdiagnosed as pituitary adenomas. We report on the distinguishing characteristics of sellar plasmacytomas from cases in the literature and our experience. A literature search was conducted to collect all documented cases of a plasmacytoma originating in the sellar region. Patient characteristics, medical history, presentation, tumor characteristics, and survival data were collected. An additional case from our institution not previously reported was included. Thirty-one patients with sellar plasmacytomas were studied. Presenting symptoms were most commonly headache (68%), diplopia (65%) and visual field disturbances (10%). Fifteen patients (48%) were initially suspected of having a pituitary adenoma. Pathologic diagnosis of plasmacytoma preceded a finding of multiple myeloma in 14 cases (45%). Thirty patients (90%) had surgical intervention. Adjuvant therapy consisted of radiotherapy for twenty-five patients (81%) and chemotherapy for sixteen (52%). Tumor recurrence was reported for 7 cases (23%). Nine deaths were reported (23%). We demonstrate that cranial nerve involvement is far more common in sellar plasmacytomas than conventional pituitary adenomas. Given the successful management of these tumors with radiotherapy, such deficits, particularly in patients with known multiple myeloma, should impact the diagnostic workup and treatment considerations.
Topics: Adenoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Pituitary Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 29396062
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.01.022 -
Annals of Hematology Jun 2022Plasmacytoma has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of relapse with...
Plasmacytoma has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of relapse with plasmacytoma and survival outcomes after upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 303 patients with MM who underwent upfront ASCT between April 2000 and April 2018 at eight institutes in the Republic of Korea. In total, 52 patients (17.1%) had plasmacytoma at MM relapse after upfront ASCT, of whom, 27 had paramedullary plasmacytoma (PMD) and 25 had extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMD). Patients with initial plasmacytoma were more likely to have plasmacytoma at MM relapse than those without initial plasmacytoma (37.1% vs. 11.2%). Over a median follow-up of 66.0 months, patients with plasmacytoma at relapse had significantly inferior overall survival (OS) than those without plasmacytoma (43.9 vs. 100.7 months, P < 0.001), but the OS did not significantly differ between patients with EMD and those with PMD (42.2 vs. 56.6 months, P = 0.464). After MM relapse, all patients received salvage therapy, and progression-free survival after relapse was significantly shorter in patients with plasmacytoma than in those without (6.4 vs. 12.4 months, P = 0.007). This study showed that plasmacytoma frequently developed at MM relapse after upfront ASCT in patients with plasmacytoma at the time of diagnosis. Plasmacytoma at relapse was significantly associated with a poor prognosis.
Topics: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Plasmacytoma; Retrospective Studies; Stem Cell Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 35445844
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04776-0 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Sep 2014This pictorial review describes the spectrum of CT/MR imaging findings of solitary extramedullary and bone plasmacytomas in different locations related to... (Review)
Review
This pictorial review describes the spectrum of CT/MR imaging findings of solitary extramedullary and bone plasmacytomas in different locations related to neuroradiology. Plasmacytoma is considered a counterpart of multiple myeloma that is described as a solitary and discrete mass of monoclonal neoplastic plasma cells. It may arise from osseous (medullary) or extramedullary sites. Isolated extramedullary plasmacytoma is very rare and comprises less than 4% of all plasma cellular diseases of which more than 80% are localized to the submucosal lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. We will demonstrate imaging findings in ten histopathologically proven plasmacytomas in different locations related to neuroradiology. Extramedullary and osseous plasmacytoma show nonspecific CT and MR imaging findings. MR is the preferred modality for evaluation due to better soft tissue contrast. Features that may suggest the diagnosis of plasmacytoma are bulky soft tissue mass and relatively isointense signal on T2-weighted MR images due to high cellularity.
Topics: Bone Marrow Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neuroimaging; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma; Skull Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25196616
DOI: 10.15274/NRJ-2014-10078