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Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... May 2018Introduction Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma are rare, solid-mass tumours which appear immunophenotypically similar to multiple myeloma. The diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Introduction Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma are rare, solid-mass tumours which appear immunophenotypically similar to multiple myeloma. The diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal plasmacytoma is complex and requires multidisciplinary input. This study presents a narrative review of intra-abdominal extramedullary plasmacytoma, illustrated with two case studies. Methods The PubMed database was searched without date restrictions for reports of intra-abdominal extramedullary plasmacytoma to synthesise a narrative review. Electronic records were reviewed at a high-volume, quaternary soft-tissue sarcoma centre to identify patients with histopathologically confirmed extramedullary plasmacytoma affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Results Gastrointestinal extramedullary plasmacytomas can present with mass effect or organ-specific dysfunction. Techniques for tissue diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma vary dependent on location, with a formal diagnosis often being made from a resected specimen. Management can include surgery, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy or a combination. No high-quality evidence base exists to guide treatment. Two case studies of operated gastrointestinal extramedullary plasmacytoma are presented at different phases of disease progression, with a resultant impact on survival. Conclusion Intra-abdominal extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare and heterogeneous condition that lacks consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management. Collaboration between international specialist centres will create better quality evidence for treatment of this cohort.
Topics: Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 29692194
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0015 -
Cornea Aug 2021To report a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the conjunctiva with corneal encroachment and to review the literature of all published cases.
PURPOSE
To report a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the conjunctiva with corneal encroachment and to review the literature of all published cases.
METHODS
A 70-year-old man presented with 1-month history of pain and watering in the right eye, 7 months after undergoing cataract surgery in the same eye.
RESULTS
The mass was surgically excised. Pathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with plasmacytoma. Staging studies found no evidence of systemic disease.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first case of plasmacytoma in the literature to involve the cornea. This case was not associated with systemic disease. Surgical excision and brachytherapy remain options for cases without corneal involvement.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Cataract Extraction; Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Plasmacytoma; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 33252386
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000002569 -
Medicine Jan 2023Nasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell tumor that occurs in the soft tissue of the nasal cavity, and its imaging characteristics are still...
Nasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell tumor that occurs in the soft tissue of the nasal cavity, and its imaging characteristics are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features, imaging findings, treatment, survival analysis, and prognosis of nasal EMP, and to provide a systematic review of the patients we treated and the published literature. A 45-year-old female patient who presented with epistaxis with nasal obstruction was recommended for magnetic resonance imaging to assess the nature of the lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging, abnormal signal shadow can be seen in the right nasal cavity. Diffusion weighted imaging showed signal of the lesion was significantly limited, presenting high signal, with a low apparent dispersion coefficient, and the lesion was significantly enhanced on contrast-enhanced scan. Combined with the clinical manifestations of the patient, who was initially considered to have a hemangioma. She underwent endoscopic nasal surgery under general anesthesia to remove the mass, and the final pathology confirmed it was EMP. However, the final pathology confirmed EMP. Five months later, the patient came to our hospital for follow-up and underwent fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan, which showed no recurrence of the lesion and no transformation of multiple myeloma. The nasal EMP imaging findings were mostly soft tissue masses with uniform density or signal, which were significantly enhanced by enhancement scan, high signal on diffusion weighted imaging and low signal on apparent dispersion coefficient. Immunohistochemical staining for CD38, CD138, and CD79a was positive in most of the cases evaluated, while CD20 and CD10 were negative. The absence of dilated features, infiltrative features and the presence of significant contrast enhancement may be relatively specific imaging findings of nasal EMP. The prognosis of nasal EMP is good, and recurrence, metastasis, and transformation into multiple myeloma are rare. Because the lesions are sensitive to radiotherapy, surgical resection combined with radiotherapy is a more effective treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Multiple Myeloma; Nasal Cavity; Prognosis; Epistaxis
PubMed: 36637932
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032647 -
Nephrologie & Therapeutique Dec 2023Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare, localized malignancy. Bone localizations are the most common. Extramedullary plasmacytomas are much rarer. They are most often in the...
INTRODUCTION
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare, localized malignancy. Bone localizations are the most common. Extramedullary plasmacytomas are much rarer. They are most often in the upper respiratory tract and can be complicated by amyloidosis. Here is an original report of a mediastinal extramedullary plasmacytoma revealed by type AA renal amyloidosis.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the case of a 52-year-old patient with mediastinal extramedullary plasmocytoma diagnosed by renal failure due to type AA renal amyloidosis. Treatment was based on surgery with chemotherapy based on prednisone and melphalan. The patient presented end-stage renal failure that required hemodialysis at discharge.
CONCLUSION
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare tumour that may be associated with amyloidosis, usually type AL. To our knowledge, its association with AA amyloidosis has not been reported in the literature. Treatment is based on surgery combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Amyloidosis; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Melphalan; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 38073243
DOI: 10.1684/ndt.2023.54 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2015Solitary plasmacytoma most commonly presents in bone (80%), while extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon (20%) entity that most commonly involves nasopharynx... (Review)
Review
Solitary plasmacytoma most commonly presents in bone (80%), while extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon (20%) entity that most commonly involves nasopharynx or upper respiratory tract. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in approximated 10% of EMP cases, in that also solitary EMP of the rectum is an exceedingly rare entity. Here we are presenting a case of 55-year-old male patient who was diagnosed to have EMP of rectum in September 2012 who was initially operated in which de-bulking surgery with abdominoperineal resection was done with large residual lesion postoperatively. Then patient was treated with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) with conventional portals 40 Gy in 20 fractions with complete response at 3 months. Patient was followed-up until now (1 year and 2 months post-RT), without any symptom or recurrence.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Radiography; Rectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 26458684
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.140799 -
Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie... Dec 2014
Topics: Humans; Male; Maxillary Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nose Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma; Radiography
PubMed: 25212877
DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2014.07.007 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jul 2019Multiple myeloma (MM) is typical of uncontrolled and clonal growth of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, then leads to primary symptoms related to bone narrow...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is typical of uncontrolled and clonal growth of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, then leads to primary symptoms related to bone narrow infiltration and destruction bone lesion. The term of extramedullary plasmacytoma is used to defined malignant plasma cells are found out of the bone marrow. In this study, we reported a rare duodenum plasmacytoma accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms.
Topics: Aged; Duodenal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 31215213
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.6090/2018 -
International Journal of Hematology Nov 2020We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with solitary plasmacytoma diagnosed from October 2002 to September 2018 from a cohort of 3575 patients with plasma cell...
We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with solitary plasmacytoma diagnosed from October 2002 to September 2018 from a cohort of 3575 patients with plasma cell dyscrasias registered in the Kansai Myeloma Forum. Twenty-seven patients had solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and 24 had extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), with prevalence of 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. The most frequent M protein was IgG (40%) in SBP, whereas non-secretory proteins were most frequent (50%) in EMP. Five-year overall survival was 78.2% in SBP and 80.8% in EMP (P = 0.894). Among patients with SBP, 44% progressed to MM with a median time of 10.5 months (2.4-93.3 months), whereas 8% of EMP patients progressed to MM with a median time of 18.6 months (13.0-24.2 months). The most frequent treatment was radiotherapy (41%) or observation (41%) in SBP, and chemotherapy (54%) in EMP. No statistically significant difference was observed upon univariate analysis of prognostic factors including age, sex, performance status, and IgG M protein. Our results suggest that there are biological differences between SBP and EMP in real-world settings.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Myeloma Proteins; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32783165
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02961-3 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jul 2022This paper reported a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx. The patient presented with persistent hoarseness and foreign body sensation in pharynx for 5...
This paper reported a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx. The patient presented with persistent hoarseness and foreign body sensation in pharynx for 5 months. Left anterior laryngeal mass, left epiglottis fold distention was found during laryngoscopy. Cervical image examination showed that the left side wall of the glottis was thickened and showed a lump-like change, part of which protrusion into the laryngeal cavity, the laryngeal chamber became narrow, and the growth of thyroid cartilage was broken outwards and reached the level of the hyoid bone. After completing the examination, the laryngeal tumor resection and biopsy were performed under the suspension laryngoscope. Pathologic findings showed that diffuse proliferation of small cells was observed in laryngeal subepithelial fibrous tissue, with local appearance of private, atypia and mitosis. Combined with immunohistochemical results, it was consistent with plasma cell tumor.
Topics: Epiglottis; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Larynx; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 35822386
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.07.015 -
World Neurosurgery May 2022The decision to perform surgery in cases of spinal plasmacytoma (SP) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic...
OBJECTIVE
The decision to perform surgery in cases of spinal plasmacytoma (SP) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) in evaluation of spinal instability in patients with SP.
METHODS
Clinical and radiological characteristics of 10 patients with SP were retrospectively evaluated. Age, sex, preoperative symptoms, duration of symptoms, pain score, American Spinal Injury Association score, and SINS were analyzed.
RESULTS
The 10 patients included 6 men and 4 women. Plasmacytoma was located in the sacrum in 1 patient, in the lumbar spine in 2 patients, in the thoracic spine in 6 patients, and in the cervical spine in 1 patient. Biopsy was performed in 2 patients, biopsy and vertebroplasty were performed in 2 patients, and biopsy and acute decompression and stabilization surgery were performed in 6 patients. SINS was <7 in 1 patient, 7-12 in 5 patients, and >12 in 4 patients. Two patients with a low SINS (<13) underwent only biopsy, and 2 patients underwent biopsy and vertebroplasty. Decompression and stabilization surgery was performed in 2 patients with SINS 7-12 and 4 patients with SINS >12.
CONCLUSIONS
Decision making regarding augmentation, decompression, and stabilization in patients with SP is controversial. SINS may play a role during the decision-making process. Augmentation can be performed in patients with painful SPs with osteolytic changes with or without fracture (SINS <13). Decompression and stabilization surgery is the first-choice treatment in patients with SINS >12.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Humans; Male; Plasmacytoma; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Diseases
PubMed: 35134578
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.008