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JAMA Network Open Jan 2022Individuals with cancer often have an elevated platelet count at the time of diagnosis. The extent to which an elevated platelet count is an indicator of cancer is...
IMPORTANCE
Individuals with cancer often have an elevated platelet count at the time of diagnosis. The extent to which an elevated platelet count is an indicator of cancer is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of an elevated platelet count with a cancer diagnosis.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This nested case-control study included Ontario residents enrolled in the provincial health insurance plan who had 1 or more routine complete blood count (CBC) tests performed between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, with follow-up through December 31, 2018. Case patients were individuals with a new cancer diagnosis during the observation period. Eligible control individuals were cancer free before the date of diagnosis for a case patient to whom they were matched. One case patient was matched to 3 controls based on sex, age, and health care use patterns. Data were analyzed from September 24, 2020, to July 13, 2021.
EXPOSURES
Case patients and controls were assigned to 1 of 5 exposure groups based on age- and sex-specific platelet count distributions in the control population: very low (≤10th percentile), low (>10th to 25th percentile), medium (>25th to <75th percentile), high (75th to <90th percentile), and very high (≥90th percentile).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for specific cancer sites for each category of platelet count at intervals up to 10 years after a blood test.
RESULTS
Of the 8 917 187 eligible Ontario residents with a routine CBC record available, 4 971 578 (55.8%) were women; the median age at the first CBC was 46.4 years (IQR, 32.5-59.5 years). Among individuals with a routine CBC record available, 495 341 (5.6%) received a diagnosis of first primary cancer during the 10-year observation period. The OR for a solid tumor diagnosis associated with a very high platelet count vs a medium platelet count in the 6-month period before the diagnosis was 2.32 (95% CI, 2.28-2.35). A very high platelet count was associated with colon (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 4.22-4.54), lung (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 4.22-4.53), ovarian (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 4.19-5.09), and stomach (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 3.91-4.66) cancers. Odds ratios attenuated with increasing time from CBC test to cancer diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this nested case-control study, an elevated platelet count was associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites. Our findings suggest that an elevated platelet count could potentially serve as a marker for the presence of some cancer types.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Ontario; Platelet Count
PubMed: 35015064
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41633 -
Research in Veterinary Science Nov 2023Mammary neoplasms are common in felines species and represent a significant disease for its unfavorable prognosis. Changes in the blood count and serum biochemical...
Mammary neoplasms are common in felines species and represent a significant disease for its unfavorable prognosis. Changes in the blood count and serum biochemical profile of these patients have potential as non-invasive prognostic markers prior to mastectomy, however, they are poorly described in literature. In this study univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using these factors to determine the effect of each parameter on the one-year survival time after the surgical procedure in these animals. The median overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were 365 and 242 days, respectively. In univariate analysis, values within the reference range of monocyte, platelet and creatinine counts were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS and only creatinine was significant for DFS (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. The results presented suggest that monocytes, platelets and creatinine may be important non-invasive pre-surgical prognostic markers, and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas (FMC). The correlation between such alterations is of important relevance for veterinary oncology, and prospective studies are needed to validate their clinical use and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for FMC. The results found in this study can also be studied in human medicine, regarding blood markers in human breast cancer (HBC).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cats; Female; Prognosis; Erythrocyte Indices; Breast Neoplasms; Platelet Count; Creatinine; Mastectomy; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoma; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37827061
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105024 -
Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Oct 2019Perfluorocarbon emulsions (PFC) are a class of lipid-coated micelle slurries wherein the active center of the micelle is a completely halogen/fluorine-substituted...
Perfluorocarbon emulsions (PFC) are a class of lipid-coated micelle slurries wherein the active center of the micelle is a completely halogen/fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon capable of dissolving very large quantities of nonpolar gases. Due to their unique enhanced solubility for oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2), PFCs have been used in research as enhanced gas transport media for situations wherein the microcirculation is dysfunctional. In the early 1990s a PFC emulsion was approved for human use during coronary artery angioplasty and one is presently in use in Russia as well as other countries. The pharmaceutical class has had reported in the past associated with variable amounts of time-limited thrombocytopenia. Anxiety about cerebral embolism surfaced after a pivotal phase III trial leading to the cessation of all human research in the United States. At that time papers both published and submitted to the FDA opined (without proof) that the platelet count decrease might be caused by platelet white cell conjugates and/or platelet aggregates, thereby signaling a general inflammatory response to PFCs and a potential thrombosis risk. Although thrombocytopenia has been reported in response to PFC emulsion formulations, it is not ubiquitous and seems to be less associated with some formulations. As well, in some recent animal studies there is no evidence of platelet white cell adverse interactions. The mechanism for the reported thrombocytopenia is as yet not fully understood, and risk-benefit profiles will have to be carefully studied as contemporary human trials move forward.
Topics: Animals; Emulsions; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Inflammation; Platelet Count
PubMed: 29642229
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001154 -
Transfusion Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Swimming; Platelet Transfusion; Platelet Count
PubMed: 36494900
DOI: 10.1111/trf.17207 -
High Altitude Medicine & Biology Mar 2022Wang, Yuliang, Xuewen Huang, Weibo Yang, and Qingxian Zeng. Platelets and high-altitude exposure: a meta-analysis. . 23:43-56, 2022. How high-altitude hypoxia... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Wang, Yuliang, Xuewen Huang, Weibo Yang, and Qingxian Zeng. Platelets and high-altitude exposure: a meta-analysis. . 23:43-56, 2022. How high-altitude hypoxia influences platelets is controversial. We attempted to quantify the impact of high-altitude exposure on platelets through meta-analysis. We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI) and identified articles reporting an association between platelet count (PC) or platelet indices (platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume [MPV], and plateletcrit) and high-altitude exposure. The mean and standard deviation were extracted, and the standard mean difference (SMD) was estimated using random-effects models. Stata 15.3 was used to analyze statistical data. Thirty-two studies were ultimately included. For acute high-altitude hypoxia (1-14 days), no significant difference was detected, even in patients with acute mountain disease. For the chronic high-altitude hypoxia (≥1 month) group, a significant decrease in PC (SMD [95% confidence interval, CI] = -0.34 [-0.63 to -0.04]) and increase in MPV (SMD [95% CI] = 1.55 [0.60 to 2.49]) were detected compared with those in the control group. Subgroup analysis showed that the tendency was more obvious in the group with longer exposure (≥1 year). Moreover, the PC of the chronic mountain sickness group was less compared with the healthy altitude control group (SMD [95% CI] = -1.82 [-2.74 to -0.91]). A reduced PC and an increased MPV are associated with chronic exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. Moreover, acute high-altitude exposure has no significant influence on platelets.
Topics: Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Blood Platelets; Humans; Mean Platelet Volume; Platelet Count
PubMed: 35196458
DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0075 -
Journal of the American Society of... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Thrombopoietin; Blood Platelets; Platelet Count; Kidney; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37219379
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000153 -
Blood Apr 2024
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Platelet Count
PubMed: 38602698
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023490 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Feb 2022Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that is growing in prevalence globally. Routinely available options to assess psoriasis severity and progression are...
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that is growing in prevalence globally. Routinely available options to assess psoriasis severity and progression are limited. More options are needed to monitor disease progression as therapeutic management is based on disease severity.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluates the usage of complete blood count components (CBC) including platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) as hematological markers for assessing psoriasis severity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study of 120 patients with psoriasis, disease severity was assessed using the PASI score followed by a blood draw to determine whether correlations existed between each marker and PASI score.
RESULTS
A significant, positive correlation was found between total platelet count and PASI while no such correlation was found in MPV and RDW. When stratifying for age, duration of disease, sex, and body parts involved, we found intriguing relationships and offer potential explanations for their occurrence.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that hematological parameters MPV, platelet count, and RDW found in the CBC are useful in identifying psoriasis severity to some extent. We foresee the use of RDW, MPV, and platelet count biomarkers as a complement to the PASI score in assessing severity for psoriasis patients, while also as a gauge for likelihood of developing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(2):156-161. doi:10.36849/JDD.6127.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythrocyte Indices; Humans; Mean Platelet Volume; Platelet Count; Psoriasis
PubMed: 35133104
DOI: 10.36849/jdd.6127 -
Platelets May 2022Thrombocytopenia is common in critical illness. But there are no studies that focus on thrombocytopenia and platelet recovery in Sepsis-3 patients. We employed a large... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Thrombocytopenia is common in critical illness. But there are no studies that focus on thrombocytopenia and platelet recovery in Sepsis-3 patients. We employed a large database to identify sepsis based on Sepsis-3 criteria. Patients were grouped by nadir platelet count during ICU, propensity score matching was used to eliminate covariates imbalance, multivariable cox proportional hazard model was used for evaluating mortality. A total of 9709 patients were enrolled based on Sepsis-3, 1794 (18%) patients developed thrombocytopenia, with 858 (8.8%) exhibiting thrombocytopenia at ICU admission (prevalent), 891 (9.2%) developed thrombocytopenia during ICU stay (incident). In the incident thrombocytopenia group, survivors exhibited higher nadir platelet count, higher rate in platelet count recovery and shorter time to platelet recovery compared to non-survivors. Platelet recovery was not observed until 1 days (IQR, 1-2) after weaning of mechanical ventilation and 1 days (IQR, 1-3) after discontinuation of vasopressor in survivors of incident thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia was associated with longer duration of ICU length of stay, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use compared to no thrombocytopenia. Moderate (20-50 × 10/L) and severe (<20 × 10/L) thrombocytopenia group showed increased 28 days mortality compared to no thrombocytopenia, while the mortality rate between mild (51-100 × 10/L) and no thrombocytopenia group (≥100 × 10/L) showed no significant difference. Taken together these data revealed that thrombocytopenia occurred in 18% Sepsis-3 patients; platelet recovery occurred more frequent and earlier in survivors; platelet recovery was not observed until clinical improvement. Thrombocytopenia in Sepsis-3 demonstrated increased disease severity, and patients with platelet count <50 × 10/L showed increased 28 days mortality.
Topics: Humans; Platelet Count; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 34448680
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1970124 -
Platelets Apr 2021Platelets are damage sentinels of the intravascular compartment, initiating and coordinating the primary response to tissue injury. Severe trauma and hemorrhage induce... (Review)
Review
Platelets are damage sentinels of the intravascular compartment, initiating and coordinating the primary response to tissue injury. Severe trauma and hemorrhage induce profound alterations in platelet behavior. During the acute post-injury phase, platelets develop a state of impaired agonist responsiveness independent of platelet count, associated with systemic coagulopathy and mortality risk. In patients surviving the initial insult, platelets become hyper-responsive, associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. Beyond coagulation, platelets constitute part of a sterile inflammatory response to injury: both directly through release of immunomodulatory molecules, and indirectly through modifying behavior of innate leukocytes. Both procoagulant and proinflammatory aspects have implications for secondary organ injury and multiple-organ dysfunction syndromes. This review details our current understanding of adaptive and maladaptive alterations in platelet biology induced by severe trauma, mechanisms underlying these alterations, potential platelet-focused therapies, and existing knowledge gaps and their research implications.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet Count; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31986948
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1718633