-
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases May 2018Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine... (Review)
Review
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29083117
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739 -
American Journal of Respiratory Cell... Feb 2022
Topics: Fibrosis; Humans; Pleural Diseases; Pleurisy
PubMed: 34758277
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0411ED -
Current Opinion in Rheumatology Sep 2016Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the oldest and most common of the hereditary autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). A large body of information has been accumulated... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the oldest and most common of the hereditary autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). A large body of information has been accumulated over recent years on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to bring an up-to-date summary of the clinic manifestations, diagnostic criteria and treatment of FMF.
RECENT FINDINGS
An overview of the pathophysiologic basis of FMF as part of the AID is discussed. Over the last year, attempts to establish new criteria for childhood FMF, new guidelines for treatment and follow-up of disease and novel treatment for FMF were made. A comparison of the different disease severity scores for research purposes suggests that a new score is needed. New evidence for antiinterleukin-1 blockade as a new treatment modality is described.
SUMMARY
New diagnostic criteria, disease severity score, treatment and follow-up guidelines have been proposed, and need validation in the next several years.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Colchicine; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Fever; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Peritonitis; Pleurisy; Pyrin; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Synovitis; Tubulin Modulators
PubMed: 27286236
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000315 -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Jul 2018Pleural infection remains an important pulmonary disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality. There is a resurgence of disease burden despite introduction of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Pleural infection remains an important pulmonary disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality. There is a resurgence of disease burden despite introduction of antibiotics and pneumococcal vaccines. A revisit of the pathogenesis and update on intervention may improve the care of pleural infection.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have uncovered the prognostic implication of the presence of a pleural effusion in patients with pneumonia. Identifying where the bacteria lives may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Over-exaggerated pleural inflammation may underlie development of parapneumonic effusion as indirect evidence and a randomized study in children raised a role of corticosteroids in parapneumonic pleural effusions, but data are lacking for adults. Optimization of the delivery regimen of intrapleural fibrinolytic and deoxyribonuclease therapy is ongoing.
SUMMARY
The review aims to review the current practice and explore new directions of treatment on pleural infection.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Deoxyribonucleases; Empyema, Pleural; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Tissue Plasminogen Activator
PubMed: 29538080
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000487 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Apr 2017This paper examines four examples of animal welfare issues, demonstrating the interactions between welfare and economic principles. Welfare issues associated with... (Review)
Review
This paper examines four examples of animal welfare issues, demonstrating the interactions between welfare and economic principles. Welfare issues associated with purebred companion animals are examined in terms of predicted inherited diseases, highlighting the power of supply and demand in perpetuating traits in pets that compromise their well-being. The livestock industry is presented from the point of view of pig production and the impact that a major disease (pleurisy) has on production and the animals' welfare. The authors investigate the conflicting and complementary demands of animal welfare and economic gains during the transport and slaughter of livestock and poultry. Finally, wildlife species are considered in terms of their prevalence as pests, and the different types of economic analysis that have been conducted to understand the losses caused by these organisms. Also included in this example are decisions made about cost effectiveness and opportunity costs, and regulatory and financial barriers to the development of humane control agents. In conclusion, animal welfare is illustrated as a central factor in the benefits that humans enjoy from the role played by animals in society. There are, however, tradeoffs between optimal animal welfare and meeting the needs of modern human society.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animal Diseases; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Wild; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Livestock; Pest Control; Pets; Pleurisy; Swine; Swine Diseases; Transportation
PubMed: 28926021
DOI: 10.20506/rst.36.1.2616 -
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Feb 2018Unexpandable lung is a common complication of malignant pleural effusions and inflammatory pleural diseases, such as pleural infection (e.g. empyema and complicated... (Review)
Review
Unexpandable lung is a common complication of malignant pleural effusions and inflammatory pleural diseases, such as pleural infection (e.g. empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusion) and noninfectious fibrinous pleuritis. Unexpandable lung due to pleural disease may be because of an active pleural process, and is referred to as malignant or inflammatory lung entrapment. An unexpandable lung may also be encountered in the setting of remote pleural inflammation resulting in a mature fibrous membrane overlying the visceral pleura preventing full expansion of the lung. This condition is termed trapped lung and may be understood as a form of defective healing of the pleural space. Trapped lung typically presents as a chronic, stable pleural effusion without evidence of active pleural disease. An unexpandable lung most often manifests itself as an inability of fully expanding the lung with pleural space drainage. Patients will either develop chest pain preventing complete drainage of the pleural space or develop a post-procedure pneumothorax. Pleural manometry and radiological imaging are useful in the assessment of an unexpandable lung. Pleural manometry can demonstrate abnormal lung expansion during drainage and imaging will demonstrate abnormal visceral pleural thickening found in trapped lung or malignant and inflammatory lung entrapment.
Topics: Chest Tubes; Drainage; Humans; Lung Diseases; Pleura; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Pleurisy; Pneumothorax
PubMed: 29064169
DOI: 10.1111/resp.13199 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Apr 2020Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder that has been recognized to involve virtually any organ in the body and typically... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder that has been recognized to involve virtually any organ in the body and typically manifests mass-like lesions (tumefactive). Although initial reports of this disease (autoimmune pancreatitis [AIP]) were described in the Japanese population, it has since been reported worldwide. It is most commonly seen in adults of middle age or older, more often men than women. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is largely unknown, but genetic factors, microorganisms, and autoimmunity are thought to play important roles. Serum IgG4 concentration is elevated in the majority of patients with IgG4-RD but is a nonspecific finding. Characteristic histopathologic features include dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, fibrosis (often in storiform pattern), and obliterative phlebitis. Lung involvement in IgG4-RD was first reported in 2004 in two patients with AIP and coexisting interstitial lung disease. Since then, a wide spectrum of intrathoracic involvement has been reported and includes not only parenchymal lung diseases but also pleural, airway, vascular, and mediastinal lesions. Thoracic involvement in IgG4-RD is often found incidentally during the workup of extrathoracic lesions but can sometimes be the presenting abnormality. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD requires correlation of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathologic features. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy but other options including B cell depletion are being investigated. IgG4-RD is generally associated with an indolent clinical course and most patients improve with glucocorticoid therapy.
Topics: Age Factors; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrosis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lymphadenopathy; Pleurisy; Sex Factors
PubMed: 32279291
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700995 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2017The patient was a 69-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who was taking pirfenidone. After 7 weeks of treatment, he suffered from left-sided eosinophilic...
The patient was a 69-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who was taking pirfenidone. After 7 weeks of treatment, he suffered from left-sided eosinophilic pleurisy. Medical thoracoscopy was performed and the histopathological examination of the parietal pleura revealed the massive infiltration of eosinophils and lymphoid follicles. After stopping pirfenidone therapy, the patient's pleural effusion disappeared without additional treatment, and never recurred. This is the first case report of pirfenidone-induced pleurisy.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Eosinophils; Humans; Male; Pleurisy; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyridones; Thoracoscopy
PubMed: 28717083
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7738 -
Surgical Infections Apr 2016
Topics: Aged; Candida albicans; Enterococcus faecium; Fistula; Humans; Male; Pancreatic Diseases; Pleurisy; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26828566
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2015.156 -
The American Journal of Medicine Jan 2020Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are increasingly recognized in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Most commonly, incidental... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are increasingly recognized in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Most commonly, incidental abnormalities are noted on chest imaging or pulmonary function tests. Although clinically significant pulmonary disease is less common, it can carry significant morbidity for patients. We review the presenting symptoms, workup, and management for several of the more common forms of inflammatory bowel disease-related pulmonary disease. Increased awareness of the spectrum of extraintestinal inflammatory bowel disease will help providers more readily recognize this phenomenon in their own patients and more comprehensively address the protean sequelae of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Bronchiectasis; Bronchiolitis; Bronchitis, Chronic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Pleurisy; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Tracheitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
PubMed: 31398306
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.07.007