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Veterinary Microbiology Apr 2018Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. The... (Review)
Review
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. The most widely used commercial vaccines are bacterins comprising inactivated whole cells of A. pleuropneumoniae but these have only been partially effective in preventing disease. Innovative immuno-prophylactic preparations of A. pleuropneumoniae based on ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, ApxIV toxins and outer membrane proteins, among others (i.e. RnhB, GalU, GalT, HflX, ComL, LolB, LppC), have high protective efficacy in mice and pigs. Some vaccine preparations have efficacy against homologous and heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serovars, which constitute an important advance to control porcine pleuropneumonia. In this arena, subunit vaccines based on toxins are one of the most advanced and promising developments. Many research groups have focussed on the development of live attenuated vaccines comprising strains with inactivated Apx toxins and/or other virulence factors, their protective efficacy being determined in mouse and/or swine models. Other innovative approaches such as bacteria, yeast and plants as production and oral delivery platforms have been explored in animal models and the definitive host with encouraging results. In addition, further research into A. pleuropneumoniae-based DNA and nano-vaccines, as well as bioencapsulation of antigens in plants, is envisaged. Here, the recent findings and future trends in innovative vaccine development against A. pleuropneumoniae are reviewed and placed in perspective.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Delivery Systems; Mice; Mutation; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Subunit; Virulence
PubMed: 29615259
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.028 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2016
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Diagnosis, Differential; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Female; Mycoplasma hyorhinis; Pleurisy; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 27654161
DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.7.755 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2017Inflammation is a reaction of the host to infectious or sterile stimuli and has the physiological purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled or...
Inflammation is a reaction of the host to infectious or sterile stimuli and has the physiological purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage, giving rise to a plethora of chronic inflammatory diseases, including metabolic syndrome and autoimmunity pathologies with eventual loss of organ function. Beta-nitrostyrene and its derivatives are known to have several biological activities, including anti-edema, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, few studies have been carried out regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of this class of compounds. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 1-nitro-2-phenylethene (NPe) using in vitro and in vivo assays. Firstly, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of NPe was evaluated by measuring TNF-α produced by human macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). NPe at non-toxic doses opposed the inflammatory effects induced by LPS stimulation, namely production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and activation of NF-κB and ERK pathways (evaluated by phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha [IκB-α] and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [ERK1/2], respectively). In a well-established model of acute pleurisy, pretreatment of LPS-challenged mice with NPe reduced neutrophil accumulation in the pleural cavity. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in NPe treated mice as compared to untreated animals. Notably, NPe was as effective as dexamethasone in both, reducing neutrophil accumulation and inhibiting ERK1/2 and IκB-α phosphorylation. Taken together, the results suggest a potential anti-inflammatory activity for NPe via inhibition of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways on leukocytes.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Macrophages; Mice; Molecular Structure; NF-kappa B; Phosphorylation; Pleurisy; Styrenes; THP-1 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 29140265
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111977 -
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional... Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Fistula; Pleural Diseases; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Respiratory Tract Fistula
PubMed: 34907976
DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000834 -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Sep 2018A total of 255 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in Hungary between January 2012 and June 2016....
A total of 255 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in Hungary between January 2012 and June 2016. On the basis of the indirect haemagglutination test 77 independent strains were included in the evaluation after the elimination of duplicate or multiple serotypes from the same herd. In the case of 7 herds strains of two different serotypes were identified. Fourteen Hungarian A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, isolated before 2012, were also included in the evaluation (one each from 12 herds and two each from two herds, where two serotypes occurred). Out of the altogether 91 A. pleuropneumoniae strains 72 strains belonged to biotype I and 19 strains could be allocated to biotype II. In Hungary, the most common serotypes were serotype 2 (39.5%), 13 (15.4%), 8 (8.8%) and 16 (8.8%), but serotypes 9 (5.5%), 11 (3.3%) and 12 (3.3%) were also isolated. Twelve strains (13.2%) were untypable.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Hungary; Lung; Pleuropneumonia; Serogroup; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 30264610
DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.031 -
Modern Rheumatology May 2020Most patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) have their first attack at age < 20 years. Information about late-onset (age ≥40 years) FMF is limited. We aimed...
Most patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) have their first attack at age < 20 years. Information about late-onset (age ≥40 years) FMF is limited. We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of late-onset FMF patients in the Japanese population. We retrospectively analyzed 292 patients with FMF. Patients were divided into three groups according to age of disease onset: Group I, ≤19 years; Group II, 20-39 years; and Group III, ≥40 years. Of 292 patients, 44 (15.1%) experienced their first attack at age ≥40 years. While high fever (97.7%) and arthritis (45.5%) were common symptoms in Group III patients, peritonitis (40.9%) and pleuritis (25.0%) were significantly lower than in other groups. The frequency of patients carrying p.M694I (18.2%), which is the most representative mutation in Japan, was significantly lower in Group III than in Group I. The response to colchicine therapy was good (95.1%) and similar in all groups. In Japan, more patients than expected had late-onset FMF. They had a milder form of disease, with less frequent peritonitis and pleuritis. The response to colchicine treatment was good. Clinicians should consider FMF for patients with unexplained recurrent febrile episodes, regardless of age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Arthritis; Colchicine; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Female; Fever; Humans; Japan; Male; Mutation; Pleurisy; Pyrin
PubMed: 31116049
DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1621440 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2022The occurrence of bushfires (wildfires) is increasing with climate change in many areas of the world. In Australia, the 2019/20 bushfire season involved a particularly...
The occurrence of bushfires (wildfires) is increasing with climate change in many areas of the world. In Australia, the 2019/20 bushfire season involved a particularly severe and widespread fire emergency (the 'Black Summer' bushfires). Understanding of how exposure to bushfires affects specific disease processes in livestock is limited. This research investigated spatiotemporal relationships between exposure to bushfires and observations of pneumonia and pleurisy in slaughtered sheep, and meat quality in slaughtered cattle. Two related cross-sectional studies were undertaken using historical abattoir monitoring data from the National Sheep Health Monitoring Project and the Meat Standards Australia Program. The study area involved the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory, which were heavily affected by the 'Black Summer' bushfires. Carcase data were matched to fire occurrence data and to potential confounders including rainfall, pasture growth and pasture biomass indices for the farm of origin. The predictive approach to modelling included generalised additive mixed effects models and a generalised linear mixed model. Consistent though imprecise trends in pneumonia occurrence in sheep carcases were observed across time and distance since exposure to fire, with sheep slaughtered in the immediate aftermath of exposure to high intensity fires at a close distance having the highest occurrence (3.78 cases per 1000 sheep slaughtered 5 days after exposure to medium-to-high intensity fire at 0.5 km distance (95% CI 0.48, 30.02), compared to 0.387 cases per 1000 slaughtered sheep (95% CI 0.147, 1.02) across the study population). However, the economic implications of this for producers and processors are considered to be very limited. No such trends were observed in regards to pleurisy occurrence in sheep. Consistent trends were observed in meat quality in cattle carcases, with lower meat quality scores observed in cattle slaughtered after close proximity to fire (mean MSA index of 57.12 for cattle slaughtered 5 days after exposure to medium-to-high intensity fire at 0.5 km distance (95% CI 56.91, 57.34), compared to a mean of 57.65 (95% CI 57.60, 57.71) across the study population). In the aftermath of exposure to mid-to-high intensity fires, this may warrant consideration in withholding cattle from slaughter from an economic perspective, after decisions based on welfare grounds have been made. These observations will inform practical recommendations to improve health and productivity outcomes in management of bushfire-affected livestock. The observed trends may reflect causal relationships, but this requires further investigation with specific explanatory modelling studies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Livestock; Meat; Pleurisy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Victoria
PubMed: 35525720
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105655 -
Updates in Surgery Dec 2023The concept of massive pleurisy (MP) is frequently used to emphasize the significance of the amount of pleural effusion. However, there are significant disagreements...
The concept of massive pleurisy (MP) is frequently used to emphasize the significance of the amount of pleural effusion. However, there are significant disagreements about it due to the lack of a universal definition for MP. In our study, we sought to elucidate these distinctions. We employed a questionnaire comprised of visual and true/false sections. In the visual section, participants were shown real-time lung radiographs and schematic drawings and asked which ones were MP. On the other hand, suggestions regarding diagnosis, treatment, and consultations for MP were questionnaired. The study was comprised of 150 physicians from four distinct centers. On true/false and radiograph questions, physicians from the same branch exhibited differences of up to 50% (p < 0.05). On the level question, each branch involved reached a consensus (p = 0.003). In questions 3, 4, and 5, which also contained a true-false section, the branches gave varying responses, with the exception of the opinion that tube thoracostomy is unquestionably indicated in MP (p < 0.05). Establishing a common language for MP is crucial for clinician collaboration and appropriate patient management. Our study elucidates the divergences of opinion between branches and highlights the need for a unified definition.
Topics: Humans; Thoracostomy; Pleurisy; Pleural Effusion; Chest Tubes; Thoracotomy; Drainage
PubMed: 37943492
DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01695-1 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, an important disease in the pig industry. Accurate and sensitive diagnostics such as DNA-based...
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, an important disease in the pig industry. Accurate and sensitive diagnostics such as DNA-based diagnostics are essential for preventing or responding to an outbreak. The specificity of DNA-based diagnostics depends on species-specific markers. Previously, an insertion element was found within an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene commonly used for A. pleuropneumoniae detection, prompting the need for additional species-specific markers. Herein, 12 marker candidates highly conserved (99 - 100% identity) among 34 A. pleuropneumoniae genomes (covering 13 serovars) were identified to be A. pleuropneumoniae-specific , as these sequences are distinct from 30 genomes of 13 other and problematic [] species and more than 1700 genomes of other bacteria in the family. Five marker candidates are within the gene, a known A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene, validating our marker discovery method. Seven other A. pleuropneumoniae-specific marker candidates within the , , , , and genes were validated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to be specific to 129 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (covering all 19 serovars), but not to four closely related species, four [] species, or seven other bacterial species. This is the first study to identify A. pleuropneumoniae-specific markers through genome mining. Seven novel A. pleuropneumoniae-specific DNA markers were identified by a combination of and molecular methods and can serve as additional or alternative targets for A. pleuropneumoniae diagnostics, potentially leading to better control of the disease. Species-specific markers are crucial for infectious disease diagnostics. Mutations within a marker sequence can lead to false-negative results, inappropriate treatment, and economic loss. The availability of several species-specific markers is therefore desirable. In this study, 12 DNA markers specific to A. pleuropneumoniae, a pig pathogen, were simultaneously identified. Five marker candidates are within a known A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene. Seven novel markers can be used as additional targets in DNA-based diagnostics, which in turn can expedite disease diagnosis, assist farm management, and lead to better animal health and food security. The marker discovery strategy outlined herein requires less time, effort, and cost, and results in more markers compared with conventional methods. Identification of species-specific markers of other pathogens and corresponding infectious disease diagnostics are possible, conceivably improving health care and the economy.
Topics: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Genetic Markers; Genome, Bacterial; Pathology, Molecular; Pleuropneumonia; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 34985298
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01311-21 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2021In Brazilian traditional folk medicine, the leaves and heartwood from Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth) Ducke (Angelim-of-Cerrado) (Fabaceae family) are used as remedy after...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In Brazilian traditional folk medicine, the leaves and heartwood from Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth) Ducke (Angelim-of-Cerrado) (Fabaceae family) are used as remedy after cold maceration for the treatment of the condition popularly known as rheumatism, as well as for the general inflammatory aspects such as pains, injury and swelling. The rheumatological and rheumatic diseases affect 0.3-1.0% of the world population and all long-term treatment with conventional medications lead to adverse effects.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To investigate the chemical composition and the anti-inflammatory properties and of the ethanolic extract from V. macrocarpa leaves (EEVM) in experimental models.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
EEVM was chemically analyzed by spectrophotometry and the compounds characterization was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. EEVM was evaluated in methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (3, 10, 30, and 90 μg/ml) and neutrophils phagocytic activity (1, 3, and 10 μg/ml) tests. For in vivo models, the EEVM (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) was orally administered (p.o.) for inflammatory evaluation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in Swiss mice. The EEVM (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was tested against the Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw persistent inflammation and Mycobacterium bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guerin - BCG)-induced pleurisy in C57bL6 mice.
RESULTS
The chemical composition of EEVM showed 157.06 mg (GAE)/g in relation to phenolic compounds, 82.13 mg (RUE)/g in relation to flavonoids and 48.99 mg (TAE)/g in relation to tannins. The flavonoid compounds identified were catechin, epicatechin and kaempferol-3-O-a-l-rhamnopyranoside. EEVM did not present cytotoxicity in MTT assay, however EEVM reduced phagocytic neutrophils activity at all tested concentration. EEVM significantly inhibited leukocytes migration/proteins exudation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. The daily administration of EEVM inhibited the inflammatory parameters in BCG and CFA models.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study showed anti-inflammatory features of EEVM (V. macrocarpa) as a natural agent against inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; BCG Vaccine; Carrageenan; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Fabaceae; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Pleurisy
PubMed: 34102271
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114308