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Australian Veterinary Journal May 2021Pleurisy in pigs has economic impacts in the production stage and at slaughter. This study sought to establish if some micro-organisms can be found in high numbers in...
OBJECTIVE
Pleurisy in pigs has economic impacts in the production stage and at slaughter. This study sought to establish if some micro-organisms can be found in high numbers in lungs with pleurisy by assessing batches of pigs at an abattoir in Queensland Australia.
DESIGN
Samples of lung (including trachea/bronchus and lymph nodes) from a maximum of 5 pleurisy affected pigs were collected from 46 batches of pigs representing 46 Queensland farms.
PROCEDURE
Pleurisy-affected lung areas were cultured by traditional bacteriological methods and bacteria quantified by plate scores. Additionally, tracheal or bronchial swabs and apical lobe fluid were tested for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA and the superior tracheobronchial lymph nodes were tested for porcine circovirus type 2 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All apparently significant bacteria were identified via PCR or sequencing. Typing was undertaken on some of the bacterial isolates.
RESULTS
The most prevalent pathogens were M. hyopneumoniae, Streptococcus suis and Porcine Circovirus type 2, being found in 34, 38 and 31 batches, respectively. Other bacteria found were Actinobacillus species (29 batches), Pasteurella multocida (24 batches), Mycoplasma flocculare (9 batches), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (7 batches), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (4 batches), Bisgaard Taxon 10 (1 batch), Glaesserella parasuis (1 batch), Streptococcus minor (1 batch) and Streptococcus porcinus (1 batch). Most batches had more than one bacterial species.
CONCLUSION
The high percentage of batches infected with S. suis (83%), M. hyopneumoniae (74%) and PCV2 (70%) and clustering by a batch of these pathogens, as well as the presence of many secondary pathogens, suggests synergy between these organisms may have resulted in pleurisy.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Australia; Lung; Mycoplasma; Pleurisy; Queensland; Streptococcus; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 33751558
DOI: 10.1111/avj.13058 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Feb 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Pleurisy
PubMed: 38376680
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-024-3547-6 -
The Journal of International Medical... Jul 2023Pleurisy and pleural effusion caused by infection are rare. However, clinicians lack an understanding of these possibilities, and the underlying disorder is easy to...
Pleurisy and pleural effusion caused by infection are rare. However, clinicians lack an understanding of these possibilities, and the underlying disorder is easy to misdiagnose. We report a 52-year-old male farmer who was admitted to hospital with a fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Closed chest drainage was performed by thoracocentesis, and the concentration of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the pleural fluid was >45 U/L. Mononuclear cells in the pleural fluid accounted for 90% of the cells, and pathology indicated a large number of lymphocytes. The clinical diagnosis was tuberculosis with tuberculous pleurisy. However, subsequent pleural fluid culture results did not support tuberculous pleurisy. The results of pleural fluid culture indicated , and the results of tiger red plate agglutination indicated a titer of 1:400 (+++). The final diagnosis was brucellosis with pneumonia and pleurisy. After 12 weeks of oral treatment, the patient underwent follow-up chest radiographs. Radiography indicated complete resolution of the hydrothorax and pneumonia, and the patient reported no discomfort. The short-term curative effect was excellent. Pleurisy associated with brucellosis should be considered a differential for pleurisy in regions where brucellosis is endemic, to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Brucella; Pleurisy; Pleural Effusion; Brucellosis; Pneumonia; Diagnostic Errors
PubMed: 37523165
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231187952 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Nov 2020The aim of this study was to synthesise the novel di-tert-butylphenol compound, 5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H, 5H)-dione...
The aim of this study was to synthesise the novel di-tert-butylphenol compound, 5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H, 5H)-dione (LQFM218), and evaluate the potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in acute (mice) models in vivo. The compound was tested on acute models of pain such as acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The anti-inflammatory activity was observed in paw oedema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy tests and inflammatory mediator quantification. Key findings: oral treatment with the LQFM218 (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) reduced abdominal writhing (18.8%, 31.6% and 48.3%). The dose intermediate (100 mg/kg) reduced the nociception in the second phase of the formalin test (61.4%), and also showed anti-hyperalgic activity in carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (until 42.3%). In acute inflammation models, the treatment of mice LQFM218 (100 mg/kg) reduced the paw oedema all the time (33.8%, 42.6%, 37.4% and 36%) and in pleurisy test reduced: polymorphonuclear cell migration (35.4%), myeloperoxidase activity (52.2%) and the levels of inflammatory mediators such as PGE (23.0%), TNF-α (67.6%) and IL-1β (53.4%). The present study showed that LQFM218 effectively reduced the nociception and inflammation in different models, and its mechanism might be related to the reduction of PGE and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings show LQFM218 as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cytokines; Edema; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Mice; Neutrophils; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peroxidase; Pleurisy
PubMed: 32768504
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173388 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2020Two isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel...
Two isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide (O-PS) revealed that both clusters contained transposable element IS of belonging to the IS30 family. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these 2 isolates could not produce O-PS. We conclude that the IS of can interfere in the biosynthesis of both CPS and O-PS.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; DNA Transposable Elements; Genes, Bacterial; Immunoblotting; Multigene Family; Pleuropneumonia; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polysaccharides; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 32517629
DOI: 10.1177/1040638720931469 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2020Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is of increasing public health concern; however, data regarding pleural effusion in NTM disease patients are limited. The...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is of increasing public health concern; however, data regarding pleural effusion in NTM disease patients are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance and characteristics of NTM pleuritis. Patients with pleural effusion and NTM disease diagnosed between April 2012 and November 2017 were enrolled and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. A total of seven among 100 patients with NTM disease had NTM pleuritis (7%). Flow cytometry of T and B lymphocytes revealed varying degrees of cellular immunodeficiency in five cases (71.4%). NTM pleuritis with pneumothorax occurred in five patients (71.4%) and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) was also found in four of them. All seven patients had delayed diagnosis and the mean time of diagnosis was 7 months (1-24 months). Four patients successfully completed treatment, while three patients (42.8%) succumbed to progressing NTM disease. Low CD4-positive T-cell counts were common in NTM pleuritis patients. Delayed diagnosis and treatment resulted in increased incidence of NTM pleurisy and poor prognosis. Moreover, BPF is perhaps a characteristic feature of Mycobacterium avium complex-associated pleuritis.
Topics: Adult; China; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Pleurisy; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32213718
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.314 -
Inflammopharmacology Apr 2020The classic NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB molecular pathways are activated in many inflammatory-related diseases, such as pleurisy. Because oridonin (Ori) has been...
The classic NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB molecular pathways are activated in many inflammatory-related diseases, such as pleurisy. Because oridonin (Ori) has been indicated as a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammasome activity, we herein aimed to assess the effects of Ori in a mouse model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced pleurisy. The results showed that CAR caused hemorrhaging and exudation of lung tissues and the release of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), effects that were significantly reduced by treatment with Ori. In addition, increased neutrophil infiltration, protein concentrations and volumes were found in the exudates of the CAR group, and these phenomena were suppressed by Ori treatment. Regarding cellular pathways, Ori could alleviate the CAR-activated NF-κB and TXNIP/NLRP3 pathways. Additionally, oxidative stress was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of pleurisy, but possible mechanisms remain to be explored. Herein, Ori reversed the CAR-induced depletion of GSH and SOD and the CAR-induced increases in ROS, MPO and MDA levels. Furthermore, Ori inhibited NOX-4 levels, initiated the dissociation of KEAP-1 from Nrf2, activated the downstream genes HO-1 and exerted antioxidative effects on CAR-induced pleurisy. In conclusion, Ori conferred protection against CAR-induced pleurisy via Nrf2-dependent antioxidative and NLRP3-dependent anti-inflammatory properties.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Carrageenan; Carrier Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Female; Inflammasomes; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pleurisy; Thioredoxins
PubMed: 31552548
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00644-y -
Chest Aug 2021Pleural and pericardial involvements are well recognized in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) but considered rare manifestations of the other forms of...
BACKGROUND
Pleural and pericardial involvements are well recognized in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) but considered rare manifestations of the other forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).
RESEARCH QUESTION
What are the frequency and clinical characteristics of pleuritis and pericarditis in AAV?
STUDY DESIGN
and Methods: Using an institutional database of 1,830 patients with AAV, we analyzed clinical notes and diagnosis codes for key words related to pleuritis and pericarditis. Chart review to confirm these findings was performed.
RESULTS
Eighty-eight of 1,058 patients (8.3%) with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 27 of 267 (10.1%) with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and 35 of 201 (17.4%) with EGPA had a manifestation of pleuritis and/or pericarditis attributable to vasculitis. There was a higher frequency of pericarditis in EGPA compared with that in the other AAVs (P < .01). There was no difference in the frequency of pleuritis in GPA, MPA, or EGPA. In the 156 patients with AAV with pleuritis and/or pericarditis, this was a presenting feature in 127 (81.4%). Overall, it was a presenting feature in 6.9% of all patients with AAV, including 6.5% with GPA, 8.6% with MPA, and 15.9% with EGPA.
INTERPRETATION
Pleuritis and pericarditis occur across all the AAVs and, when present, are commonly presenting features of these diseases. Patients with EGPA have a higher proportion of pericardial involvement compared with pleural involvement, whereas this distribution is more equal in patients with GPA and MPA. Pleuritis and pericarditis are underrecognized features of AAV. All forms of AAV should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with pleuritis or pericarditis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pericarditis; Pleurisy; United States
PubMed: 33667492
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.049 -
Journal of Animal Science Nov 2018Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci...
Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand progeny test lambs. The lungs from 3,572 progeny-test lambs were scored for presence and severity of pneumonic lesions and pleurisy at slaughter. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 markers). The heritability of lung lesion score and pleurisy were calculated using the genomic relationship matrix, and genome-wide association analyses were conducted using EMMAX and haplotype trend regression. At slaughter, 35% of lambs had pneumonic lesions, with 9% showing lesions on more than half of any individual lobe. The number of lambs recorded as having pleurisy by the processing plants was 9%. Heritability estimates for pneumonic lesions and pleurisy scores adjusted for heteroscedasticity (CPSa and PLEURa) were 0.16 (± 0.03) and 0.05 (± 0.02), respectively. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with pneumonic lesions at the genome-wide level, and additional 37 SNPs were suggestively significant. Four SNPs were significantly associated with pleurisy, with an additional 11 SNPs reaching the suggestive level of significance. There were no regions that overlapped between the 2 traits. Multiple SNPs were in regions that contained genes involved in either the DNA damage response or the innate immune response, including several that had previously been reported to have associations with respiratory disease. Both EMMAX and HTR analyses of pleurisy data showed a significant peak on chromosome 2, located downstream from the transcription factor SP3. SP3 activates or suppresses the expression of numerous genes, including several genes with known functions in the immune system. This study identified several SNPs associated with genes involved in both the innate immune response and the response to DNA damage that are associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in lambs at slaughter. Additionally, the identification in sheep of several SNPs within genes that have previously been associated with the respiratory system in cattle, pigs, rats, and mice indicates that there may be common pathways that underlie the response to invasion by respiratory pathogens in multiple species.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Haplotypes; Lung; New Zealand; Phenotype; Pleurisy; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 30099550
DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky323 -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Jul 2016This article summarizes current data regarding the accuracy of pleural fluid tests assisting the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis (TBP). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article summarizes current data regarding the accuracy of pleural fluid tests assisting the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis (TBP).
RECENT FINDINGS
No pleural fluid test reliably rules-in TBP in settings with low TBP prevalence. Interferon-γ) alone or in combination with adenosine deaminase (ADA) is more reliable than ADA for this purpose in nonlow prevalences. ADA can reliably rule-out TBP in prevalences of less than 40% although in higher prevalences the product of interleukin-27 and ADA is the most accurate rule-out test.
SUMMARY
The definite diagnosis of TBP requires the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural fluid or biopsies. Because of the low sensitivity of pleural fluid cultures and the invasiveness of pleural biopsy techniques, the concept of a pleural fluid test that accurately establishes or excludes TBP diagnosis has been proposed. Numerous pleural fluid tests have been evaluated for this purpose with ADA being the most widely accepted one. During the last years, it has been demonstrated that the ability of ADA to rule-in or rule-out TBP is affected by the prevalence of TBP in the setting where the test is used. The complementary use of interferon-γ or interleukin-27 increases the ability of ADA to rule-in or rule-out the disease, respectively.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Biomarkers; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukins; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Prevalence; Tuberculosis, Pleural
PubMed: 27064428
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000277