-
Journal of Pediatric Urology Feb 2016Germline-inactivating DICER1 mutations are responsible of a familial tumour susceptibility syndrome with an increased risk of tumours, mainly pleuropulmonary blastoma... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Germline-inactivating DICER1 mutations are responsible of a familial tumour susceptibility syndrome with an increased risk of tumours, mainly pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). DICER1 mutations also cause a range of other tumours, some of them in urogenital organs (cystic nephroma [CN], ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours, bladder and cervix embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma [ERMS]).
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to clarify the range of urogenital phenotypes associated with DICER1 mutations and to give practical course of action to paediatric urologist that are exposed to DICER1-related conditions.
STUDY DESIGN
A literature review was performed. Pertinent papers focused on urogenital diseases associated with DICER1 mutations were reviewed.
RESULTS
Seventy per cent of CN have a DICER1 germline mutation. The majority of them (80%) have PPB. Like PPB, CN could undergo a malignant progression to a primitive sarcoma. Some rare cases of Wilms tumours were reported. Regarding gonadal manifestations, sex-cord stromal neoplasia of the ovary, especially Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (SLCT), is the most frequent tumour associated with DICER1 germline mutation. Germline DICER1 mutations also predispose to uterine cervix and bladder ERMS.
DISCUSSION
The presence of unusual tumours suggesting DICER1 mutations may alert clinicians. The first step is to obtain a complete familial history. The variable clinical presentation and the modest penetrance raise concerns about the appropriateness of genetic testing to patients and their relatives. The education of DICER1 mutations carriers about tumour-related symptoms is consensual. In the first 5 years of life, a yearly chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound are recommended.
CONCLUSION
The presence of a CN, ovarian SLCT or urogenital ERMS in a child should alert the clinician to the possibility of DICER1 mutation and the associated risk of PPB. Individuals with one of the typical DICER1 conditions should be offered DICER1 analysis. Despite the low penetrance, a genetic counselling and testing should be offered to the family of the affected child.
Topics: DEAD-box RNA Helicases; DNA, Neoplasm; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Mutation; Phenotype; Pulmonary Blastoma; Ribonuclease III; Syndrome
PubMed: 26454454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.08.012 -
Gynecologic Oncology Jul 2024Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, representing <0.5% of all ovarian tumors. We sought to describe prognostic factors, treatment and...
OBJECTIVE
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, representing <0.5% of all ovarian tumors. We sought to describe prognostic factors, treatment and outcomes for individuals with ovarian SLCT.
METHODS
Individuals with SLCT were enrolled in the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry and/or the International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry. Medical records were systematically abstracted, and pathology was centrally reviewed when available.
RESULTS
In total, 191 participants with ovarian SLCT enrolled, with most (92%, 175/191) presenting with FIGO stage I disease. Germline DICER1 results were available for 156 patients; of these 58% had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant. Somatic (tumor) DICER1 testing showed RNase IIIb hotspot variants in 97% (88/91) of intermediately and poorly differentiated tumors. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 40% (77/191) of cases, and among these, nearly all patients received platinum-based regimens (95%, 73/77), and 30% (23/77) received regimens that included an alkylating agent. Three-year recurrence-free survival for patients with stage IA tumors was 93.6% (95% CI: 88.2-99.3%) compared to 67.1% (95% CI: 55.2-81.6%) for all stage IC and 60.6% (95% CI: 40.3-91.0%) for stage II-IV (p < .001) tumors. Among patients with FIGO stage I tumors, those with mesenchymal heterologous elements treated with surgery alone were at higher risk for recurrence (HR: 74.18, 95% CI: 17.99-305.85).
CONCLUSION
Most individuals with SLCT fare well, though specific risk factors such as mesenchymal heterologous elements are associated with poor prognosis. We also highlight the role of DICER1 surveillance in early detection of SLCT, facilitating stage IA resection.
Topics: Humans; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor; Female; Ovarian Neoplasms; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Pulmonary Blastoma; Registries; Adult; Ribonuclease III; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Aged; Male; Adolescent; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors; Testicular Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 38657450
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.04.005 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2018Primary lung tumors in children are rare, with a narrow range of diagnostic considerations. However, the overlapping imaging appearances of these tumors necessitate... (Review)
Review
Primary lung tumors in children are rare, with a narrow range of diagnostic considerations. However, the overlapping imaging appearances of these tumors necessitate attention to key discriminating imaging and pathologic features. In the neonate and infant, the important considerations include pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), infantile fibrosarcoma, and fetal lung interstitial tumor. Among these tumors, imaging findings such as air-filled cysts in type 1 PPB and homogeneously low attenuation of fetal lung interstitial tumors are relatively specific. Key pathologic and genetic discriminators among this group of tumors include the DICER1 germline mutation found in PPB and the t(12,15)(p13;q25) translocation and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene seen in infantile fibrosarcoma. Primary lung tumors in older children include inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), carcinoid salivary gland-type tumors of the lung, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and other rare entities. IMT, a spindle-cell proliferation with inflammatory elements, is the most common lung tumor in children. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase, is present in 50% of these tumors, and this finding may support an imaging diagnosis of IMT. Carcinoid tumors account for a substantial portion of childhood lung tumors, and their characteristic avid enhancement on images corresponds to the compressed fibrovascular stroma histologically. Furthermore, novel imaging agents used with somatostatin receptor analogs have an emerging role in the evaluation of carcinoid tumors. Although less common than mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma tends to recur given the perineural spread seen histologically. Integrating radiologic and pathologic knowledge is critical to accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance of primary lung tumors in children.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 30422774
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018180192 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2024Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignancy associated with mutations in the DICER1 gene. Early-stage disease (PPB type I) mimics cystic lung malformations and...
PURPOSE
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignancy associated with mutations in the DICER1 gene. Early-stage disease (PPB type I) mimics cystic lung malformations and develops in infants <1 year of age, and PPB type II and III arises in older children. The objective of this study was to analyze predictive factors of mortality in pediatric patients aged 0-19 years diagnosed with PPB between 2000 and 2019 in the USA.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (0-19 years) in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was conducted from 2000 to 2019 with a diagnosis of PPB using International Classification of Disease for Oncology, third edition code 8973/3 and rare tumor code 45. Demographics, incidence, staging, treatment, and mortality were extracted. A mortality risk predictive equation was developed using logistic regression. Statistical analysis was conducted through Microsoft Excel Analysis ToolPak and Solver.
RESULTS
There were a total of 71 new cases of PPB during the study period, with 16 (22%) deaths. The demographic analysis demonstrated that 40/71 (56.3%) patients were female, 57/71 (80.3%) were White, and 64/71 (90.1%) resided in metropolitan areas. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between mortality and stage ( = 0.029), need for chemotherapy ( = 0.047), and female sex ( = 0.019). There was no significant correlation between mortality and need for radiation, race, or age at diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis generated a predictive equation of mortality dependent on the stage of PPB, need for chemotherapy, and sex. This equation has an 82% accuracy, 81% sensitivity, and an 18% false positive rate.
CONCLUSION
PPB is a rare disease. Distinguishing PPB from benign cystic lung malformations in infancy is important to avoid progression to Type II and III PPB. Advanced stages of PPB have a greater need for systemic chemotherapy and radiation with a poor prognosis.
PubMed: 38912026
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_235_23 -
Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal... Feb 2017Germ-line mutations in DICER1 increase the risk of various tumors, including pleuropulmonary blastoma. Macrocephaly and symmetric overgrowth have been reported in some,...
PURPOSE
Germ-line mutations in DICER1 increase the risk of various tumors, including pleuropulmonary blastoma. Macrocephaly and symmetric overgrowth have been reported in some, but not all, patients with mosaic DICER1 RNase IIIb mutations. The prevalence of these features in individuals with constitutional germ-line DICER1 mutations is unknown.
METHODS
We analyzed prospectively collected auxology data from 67 DICER1 mutation carriers and 43 family controls. We assessed differences between groups using an exact test for proportions and generalized estimating equations for continuous dependent variables.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight DICER1 mutation carriers (42%) were macrocephalic, and none had an occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) below the third centile, which significantly differed from family controls, of whom five were macrocephalic (12%) and two had OFC below the third centile (5%) (P < 0.001). DICER1 mutation carriers were taller than familial controls after controlling for gender (P = 0.048), but similar proportions of both groups were above the 97th centile of population norms. Head circumference remained increased after adjusting for differences in height.
CONCLUSION
For the first time, we establish macrocephaly as a common finding in the DICER1 syndrome. Like some other tumor-predisposition disorders, macrocephaly may be a useful, albeit a subtle, clinical clue to the DICER1 syndrome diagnosis.Genet Med 19 2, 244-248.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Female; Germ-Line Mutation; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant; Male; Megalencephaly; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pulmonary Blastoma; Ribonuclease III
PubMed: 27441995
DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.83 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Feb 2016Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor of childhood that can occur with cystic or solid lesions, as a radiological finding with or without respiratory symptoms....
Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor of childhood that can occur with cystic or solid lesions, as a radiological finding with or without respiratory symptoms. We report the case of a 2 year old toddler in his first pulmonary obstructive episode with suspected toracic malformation of the left upper lobe in his chest x-ray and tomography. Surgery was performed showing cystic malformation of the left upper lobe. We received the pathology report with diagnosis of type I pleuropulmonary blastoma. He began follow-up with Oncology initiating treatment with cyclophosphamide and vincristine, well tolerated. Currently, there is controversy about the management of congenital lung cysts, tilting the balance towards the surgical procedure because of serious difficulties in differentiating benign pulmonary cysts from pleuropulmonary blastoma without histopathologic review.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Pulmonary Blastoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26914086
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2016.e25 -
Fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: a primer on how to interpret prenatal lung lesions.Pediatric Radiology Dec 2020Fetal lung lesions include common lesions such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and combined CPAM-BPS hybrid... (Review)
Review
Fetal lung lesions include common lesions such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and combined CPAM-BPS hybrid lesions, as well as less common entities including congenital lobar emphysema/obstruction, bronchial atresia, bronchogenic cysts and rare malignant pulmonary lesions such as pleuropulmonary blastoma. Fetal lung lesions occur in approximately 1 in 15,000 live births and are thought to arise from a spectrum of abnormalities related to airway obstruction and malformation, with the lesion type depending on the timing of insult, level of bronchial tree involvement, and severity of obstruction. Lesions vary from small and asymptomatic to large and symptomatic with significant mass effect on surrounding structures. Accurate diagnosis and characterization of these anomalies is crucial for guiding patient counseling as well as perinatal and postnatal management. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of normal fetal lung appearance and imaging features of common and uncommon lesions on both ultrasound and MR imaging, and to discuss key aspects in reporting and evaluating the severity of these lesions.
Topics: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital; Female; Humans; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33252753
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04806-x -
Tumori Apr 2020Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive mesenchymal tumor of childhood. The Italian Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (TREP) Registry was the first in Europe...
INTRODUCTION
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare, aggressive mesenchymal tumor of childhood. The Italian Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (TREP) Registry was the first in Europe dedicated to prospective data collection on rare pediatric tumors. We analyzed data from an Italian series of patients with PPB, focusing on the role of the TREP Project.
METHODS
We considered patients aged 0-14 with histologically confirmed diagnosis, registered in population-based cancer registries (before 2000) or the TREP Registry (2000 to 2014), and analyzed data on clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated. Relevant prognostic factors were identified performing a univariate analysis.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven cases were included (7 type I, 13 type II, 17 type III). The average diagnosis rate rose from 1.10 to 1.73 cases/year after the TREP Project started. All patients underwent surgery, 33 received chemotherapy, and 9 had radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 8.7 years. For type I, II, and III, respectively, the 5-year OS was 85.7% (33.4-97.9), 52.7% (23.4-75.5), and 57.8% (31.1-77.3); the 5-year EFS was 85.7% (33.4-97.9), 52.7% (23.4-75.5), and 52.9% (27.6-73.0). Favorable prognostic factors for EFS were Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) stage I ( = 0.03) and T1 tumor ( = 0.05). A total of 78.3% of patients who had chemotherapy after 2000 received a standardized treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The TREP Registry showed an excellent capacity for registering cases of PPB. Patients received homogeneous treatment after the TREP Project started. Long-term outcomes were excellent for type I and unsatisfactory for type II and III. Tumor invasiveness and IRS stage were of prognostic value.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease-Free Survival; Europe; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Male; Prognosis; Pulmonary Blastoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma
PubMed: 32270754
DOI: 10.1177/0300891619871344 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2024
PubMed: 38912022
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_201_23 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2015Pleuropulmonary blastoma is rare embryonal tumor of infancy and early childhood and it often arises from lung and more rarely from the parietal pleura. We present this...
Pleuropulmonary blastoma is rare embryonal tumor of infancy and early childhood and it often arises from lung and more rarely from the parietal pleura. We present this entity which has no systematic data associated with its incidence in order to discuss clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis. A three-year-old boy presented with fever showed signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Radiological examination revealed a solid mass filling the right hemithorax. The patient underwent core needle biopsy, wedge biopsy and lobectomy. Biopsy and surgical material were examined histopathologically. The tumor was composed of predominantly solid areas consisting blastemal cells with spindle, polygonal and round nuclei in the myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells were positive with vimentin and desmin. MIB-1 labeling index was above 90%. Histological diagnosis was pleuropulmonary blastoma type 3. The surgically sampled adjacent diafragma was also infiltrated with the tumor. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and showed no signs of recurrence in the follow-up of 9 months. Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a very rare childhood cancer that needs to be kept in mind in the pathological differential diagnosis of thoracic tumors in the children.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy, Needle; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pneumonectomy; Predictive Value of Tests; Pulmonary Blastoma; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25560611
DOI: No ID Found