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Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2018Analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the... (Review)
Review
Analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the development of novel therapeutics and prophylactics. Regions of the host genome that do not code for protein, encode structural, and functional non-coding RNAs that are important not only in regulation of host gene expression but also may impact viral replication. This review summarizes the role of host non-coding RNAs during replication of multiple respiratory viruses with a focus on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), an important pediatric pathogen. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and understanding regarding the function(s) of ncRNAs for respiratory viral infection and host immunity in general.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; RNA, Untranslated; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Virus Replication
PubMed: 28646339
DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_32 -
The Lancet. Digital Health Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
PubMed: 37890899
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00206-6 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2018Viral respiratory tract infections are common in both children and adults. Mouse models of viral infection enable the characterization of host immune factors that...
Viral respiratory tract infections are common in both children and adults. Mouse models of viral infection enable the characterization of host immune factors that protect against or promote virus infection; thus, mouse models are essential for interrogation of potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, they serve as critical models for the development of novel vaccine strategies. In this chapter, we describe methods for establishing mouse models of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Protocols are provided for viral culture and expansion, plaque-forming assays for viral quantification, and infection of mice. Alternate modifications to the models are also described, and their potential impact is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Influenza A virus; Male; Mice; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Viral Load; Viral Plaque Assay; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 29987803
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8570-8_26 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 2021
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33216146
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1753 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Jan 2021
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
PubMed: 33342497
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.066 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2018
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
PubMed: 29741694
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy169 -
British Journal of Haematology Aug 2023Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated viral infections are a major public health problem affecting the immunologically naïve/compromised populations. Given the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated viral infections are a major public health problem affecting the immunologically naïve/compromised populations. Given the RSV-associated morbidity and the limited treatment options, we sought to characterize the cellular immune response to RSV to develop a targeted T cell therapy for off-the-shelf administration to immunocompromised individuals. Here we report on the immunological profiling, as well as manufacturing, characterization and antiviral properties of these RSV-targeted T cells. A randomized, phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating their safety and activity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as an off-the-shelf multi-respiratory virus-directed product is currently underway (NCT04933968, https://clinicaltrials.gov).
Topics: Humans; Antiviral Agents; Immunotherapy; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37323051
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18933 -
Viruses Mar 2022Viral replication and transmissibility are the principal causes of endemic and pandemic disease threats. There remains a need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The... (Review)
Review
Viral replication and transmissibility are the principal causes of endemic and pandemic disease threats. There remains a need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The most common respiratory viruses are endemic agents such as coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza viruses. Although vaccines are available for SARS-CoV-2 and some influenza viruses, there is a paucity of effective antiviral drugs, while for RSV there is no vaccine available, and therapeutic treatments are very limited. We have previously shown that probenecid is safe and effective in limiting influenza A virus replication and SARS-CoV-2 replication, along with strong evidence showing inhibition of RSV replication in vitro and in vivo. This review article will describe the antiviral activity profile of probenecid against these three viruses.
Topics: Drug Repositioning; Humans; Orthomyxoviridae; Probenecid; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35337018
DOI: 10.3390/v14030612 -
Current Opinion in Virology Aug 2015The study of human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis and immunity has been hampered by its exquisite host specificity, and the difficulties encountered in... (Review)
Review
The study of human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis and immunity has been hampered by its exquisite host specificity, and the difficulties encountered in adapting this virus to a murine host. The reasons for this obstacle are not well understood, but appear to reflect, at least in part, the inability of the virus to block the interferon response in any but the human host. This review addresses some of the issues encountered in mouse models of respiratory syncytial virus infection, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of alternative model systems.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
PubMed: 26176495
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.06.003 -
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Vaccination; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
PubMed: 37561182
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01552-8