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Veterinary Sciences Jun 2021Anemia is considered a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), typically as normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative. Although anemia can occur...
Anemia is considered a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), typically as normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative. Although anemia can occur at any CKD IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) stage, its severity is related with the loss of kidney function. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate quantitative and morphological abnormalities of the erythrogram in dogs at different CKD IRIS stages. A total of 482 CBCs from 3648 initially screened were included in the study. Anemia was present in 302/482 (63%) dogs, in the majority of which it was normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative (295/302; 98%). The number of reticulocytes was <60,000/μL in the majority of dogs (248/295; 84%), with a correlation between poor regeneration rate and progression of CKD ( = 0.0001). The frequency of anemia significantly differed ( = 0.0001) among the IRIS stages: 108/231 (47%) in IRIS 2, 77/109 (71%) in IRIS 3, and 117/142 (82%) in IRIS 4. Dogs at IRIS stages 3 and 4 were more likely to have moderate to severe anemia, compared to dogs at IRIS stage 2 ( = 0.0001). Anisocytosis was the most frequent morphological abnormality (291/482; 60%), whereas the presence of poikilocytosis showed an association with progression of IRIS stages ( = 0.009). Among different morphological abnormalities, the frequency of fragmented red blood cells and Howell-Jolly bodies showed a significant association with the progression of CKD. Anemia was a frequent finding in CKD dogs, mostly associated with none to poor regeneration rate. Similar to human medicine, advanced CKD stages are more frequently characterized by morphological alterations, such as fragmented red blood cells and Howell-Jolly bodies, which may suggest a more severe condition of reduced bone marrow activity and microangiopathy.
PubMed: 34209294
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070123 -
Transfusion and Apheresis Science :... Aug 2017Severe vitamin B12 deficiency is caused most commonly by autoimmune atrophic gastritis leading to loss of intrinsic factor. Vitamin B12 deficiency leading to...
Severe vitamin B12 deficiency is caused most commonly by autoimmune atrophic gastritis leading to loss of intrinsic factor. Vitamin B12 deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia and demyelinating central nervous system disease is well known; however, a rare presentation of B12 deficiency described as pseudothrombotic microangiopathy is not well known. This complication presents with signs of mechanical hemolysis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), thrombocytopenia, and a low reticulocyte count, which can be incorrectly diagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and managed incorrectly. Decreased reticulocyte count and an LDH >2500IU/L is more commonly seen in B12 deficiency. However, recognizing the differences in marked poikilocytosis can be challenging, as seen with megaloblastic changes and true schistocytosis. To illustrate the challenge in differentiating between megaloblastic changes and true schistocytosis, we present the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented to her physician for symptomatic anemia and complaints of nausea, vomiting, and loose stool. She had a hemoglobin of 5.1g/dL, platelet count of 39×10/L, LDH of 9915IU/L, haptoglobin below assay limit, and a reticulocyte count of 2.5%. Peripheral smear showed macrocytic anemia, rare hypersegmented neutrophils, and schistocytes. Vitamin B12 level was less than 50pg/mL, methylmalonic acid was 0.33μmol/L, anti-parietal cell antibody was >1:640, and intrinsic factor blocking antibody was positive-confirming the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. While hospitalized, she was treated with vitamin B12 1000μg intramuscular injections daily and thereafter continued with monthly injections, which ultimately resolved her severe macrocytic anemia.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Pernicious; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Platelet Count; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 28711333
DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.06.003 -
Cells Oct 2022The GATA1 transcription factor is essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryocytic differentiation. Germline GATA1 pathogenic variants in the N-terminal zinc...
The GATA1 transcription factor is essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryocytic differentiation. Germline GATA1 pathogenic variants in the N-terminal zinc finger (N-ZF) are typically associated with X-linked thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and dyserythropoietic anemia. A few variants in the C-terminal ZF (C-ZF) domain are described with normal platelet count but altered platelet function as the main characteristic. Independently performed molecular genetic analysis identified a hemizygous variant (c.865C>T, p.H289Y) in the C-ZF region of GATA1 in a German patient and in a Spanish patient. We characterized the bleeding and platelet phenotype of these patients and compared these findings with the parameters of two German siblings carrying the likely pathogenic variant p.D218N in the GATA1 N-ZF domain. The main difference was profound thrombocytopenia in the brothers carrying the p.D218N variant compared to a normal platelet count in patients carrying the p.H289Y variant; only the Spanish patient occasionally developed mild thrombocytopenia. A functional platelet defect affecting αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α-granule secretion was present in all patients. Additionally, mild anemia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis were observed in the patients with the C-ZF variant. Our data support the concept that GATA1 variants located in the different ZF regions can lead to clinically diverse manifestations.
Topics: Humans; Male; GATA1 Transcription Factor; Integrins; Phenotype; Thrombocytopenia; Zinc Fingers; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Genetic Variation; Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital; Blood Platelets
PubMed: 36291092
DOI: 10.3390/cells11203223 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2022This study was conducted to determine for the first time the immunological, histopathological, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes; hematological and biochemical...
This study was conducted to determine for the first time the immunological, histopathological, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes; hematological and biochemical alterations; and poikilocytosis induced in Clarias gariepinus by Voliam flexi® 40% WG (thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole). Beside control fish, juvenile C. gariepinus were subjected to three sublethal concentrations of Voliam flexi® (43.5, 87.5, and 175 mg/L) for 15 days. Voliam flexi® induced immunotoxic impairments in C. gariepinus, such as a decrease in some immunity variables (lysozyme and phagocyte activity, immunoglobulin concentration, and nitro blue tetrazolium level). It also caused an extreme increase in the levels of primary cytokines (interleukin-1β and IL-6), compared with the control. The toxic effects of Voliam flexi® increased gradually with the increasing concentrations tested. Histological examination of the liver demonstrated necrosis, vacuolated hepatocytes (fatty deposition), melanomacrophage centers, foci of inflammatory cells, congested and dilated blood sinusoids, hepatic degeneration, fibrosis increment (Sirius Red stain), and glycogen depletion, as well as cytopathological alterations. We conclude that the toxic effects of Voliam flexi® must be restricted or prevented by using control mechanisms in aquatic systems.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Catfishes; Insecticides; Liver; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35525411
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.051 -
Biological Trace Element Research Nov 2022The aim of the present study was to evaluate the arsenic-induced hemotoxicity and to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus sporogenes in male albino Wistar...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the arsenic-induced hemotoxicity and to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus sporogenes in male albino Wistar rats. A total of 36 adult male albino Wistar rats were procured and divided into 3 groups of 12 animals each. Group 1 rats served as control, group 2 rats were administered sodium arsenite (@5 mg/kg BW/day), groups 3 rats were supplemented with L. sporogenes (@15 million spores/kg BW/day) along with sodium arsenite administered along with sodium arsenite orally daily for 28 consecutive days. Weekly body weights, hematological profile, and erythrocyte morphology were assessed. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mean weekly body weights (g) was observed in group 2 than group 1; however, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in weekly body weights was observed in group 3 as compared to group 2. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in erythrocyte-related parameters and platelet counts, and a significant (P < 0.05) leukocytosis, relative lymphopenia, absolute neutrophilia, and monocytosis were noticed among arsenic-treated rats when compared to the control group. Blood smear of arsenic-treated rats contains echinocytes, microcytes, and spherocytes when compared to control. Scanning electron microscopic examination of blood revealed altered erythrocyte morphology in arsenic-treated rats with poikilocytosis and blebbing of the erythrocyte membrane. Supplementation of L. sporogenes along with arsenic resulted in improvement of all the hematological parameters and reduction in morphological abnormalities in comparison to the toxic control group. It is concluded that supplementation of L. sporogenes can effectively alleviate the arsenic-induced hematological alterations.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Arsenites; Bacillus coagulans; Body Weight; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Compounds
PubMed: 34993908
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03055-9 -
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology Mar 2017Hereditary elliptocytosis is an inherited red blood cell membrane disorder characterized by typical peripheral blood smear findings of elliptocytes or rod-like red blood...
Hereditary elliptocytosis is an inherited red blood cell membrane disorder characterized by typical peripheral blood smear findings of elliptocytes or rod-like red blood cells. Hemoglobin H disease is a form of α-thalassemia disease resulting in mild to moderate hemolytic anemia. The authors report 1 case of a girl who was diagnosed with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and a coinheritance of hereditary elliptocytosis and deletional hemoglobin H disease. She had moderate, non-transfusion-dependent anemia. The red blood cells showed marked poikilocytosis and fragmentation. The parents were α-thalassemia carriers and the father had the typical red blood cell morphology of common hereditary elliptocytosis.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Genotype; Goldenhar Syndrome; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Male; Sequence Deletion; alpha-Globins; alpha-Thalassemia
PubMed: 28060122
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000750 -
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Jan 2018To present the haematology and biochemistry profiles for cattle in New Zealand naturally infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type and investigate if the results... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIMS
To present the haematology and biochemistry profiles for cattle in New Zealand naturally infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type and investigate if the results differed between adult dairy cattle and calves aged <6 months.
METHODS
Haematology and biochemistry results were obtained from blood samples from cattle which tested positive for T. orientalis Ikeda type by PCR, that were submitted to veterinary laboratories in New Zealand between October 2012 and November 2014. Data sets for haematology and biochemistry results were prepared for adult dairy cattle (n=62 and 28, respectively) and calves aged <6 months (n=62 and 28, respectively), which were matched on the basis of individual haematocrit (HCT). Results were compared between age groups when categorised by HCT. Selected variables were plotted against individual HCT, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (Loess) curves were fitted to the data for adult dairy cattle and calves <6 months old.
RESULTS
When categorised by HCT, the proportion of samples with HCT <0.15 L/L (severe anaemia) was greater for adult dairy cattle than for beef or dairy calves, for both haematology (p<0.002) and biochemistry (p<0.001) submissions. There were differences (p<0.05) between adult dairy cattle and calves aged <6 months in the relationships between HCT and red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations, lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, and activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. In both age groups anisocytosis was frequently recorded. The proportion of blood smears showing mild and moderate macrocytosis was greater in adults than calves (p=0.01), and mild and moderate poikilocytosis was greater in calves than adults (p=0.005).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The haematology and biochemistry changes observed in cattle infected with T. orientalis Ikeda type were consistent with extravascular haemolytic anaemia. Adult dairy cattle were more likely to be severely anaemic than calves. There were differences in haematology and biochemistry profiles between adult dairy cattle and calves, but most of these differences likely had a physiological rather than pathological basis. Overall, the haematological changes in calves aged <6 months appeared less severe than in adult dairy cattle.
Topics: Age Factors; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Hematocrit; Hematologic Tests; Meat; New Zealand; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Theileria; Theileriasis
PubMed: 29020888
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2017.1391142 -
Cureus Mar 2022Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in the substitution of CTG by CAG in the sixth codon of the beta-globin gene. As a result of this, the...
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in the substitution of CTG by CAG in the sixth codon of the beta-globin gene. As a result of this, the hydrophilic glutamic acid residue is replaced by hydrophobic valine residue, leading to the formation of hemoglobin tetramer HBS. This alteration in the beta-globin chain makes the red blood cells prone to sickling, especially in the presence of risk factors such as stress, hypoxia, and infection. These sickled red blood cells have the tendency to adhere to the endothelium and lead to vessel occlusion and distal tissue ischemia. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted millions across the globe, putting individuals with co-morbidities at particularly high risk, and patients with sickle cell disease are no exception. We present the case of a 47-year-old African American male presenting to the emergency department with subjective fevers and a two-day history of pain in the arms, legs, and chest. A diagnosed case of sickle cell disease, the patient was on hydromorphone for pain management but ran out of his medications a few weeks before presentation. On examination, the patient was saturating well with mild tenderness upon palpation of the arms, legs, and chest. On complete blood count, the patient had a hemoglobin of 11.3 g/dL and a white cell count of 13.1 x10(3)/mcL. The patient had a normal mean corpuscular volume with reticulocytosis, hypochromia, ovalocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, and target cells. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive. The chest X-ray did not reveal any significant findings. He was admitted to the medicine floor for the management of sickle cell crisis and was placed under airborne and droplet precautions. The patient was started on hydromorphone for pain management and intravenous fluid hydration. On the second day of admission, the patient reported increasing shortness of breath. He was saturating 90% on room air and 94% on 2 liters of supplemental oxygen. The white blood cell count increased to 18.42 x10(3)/mcL and the chest X-ray revealed reticular densities with patchy alveolar opacities in the left lung. Given the decline in respiratory status, the patient was started on remdesivir. Over the course of his hospital stay, the patient's pain and respiratory status improved, with the patient saturating 97% on room air. He was discharged home with instructions to follow isolation precautions for at least two weeks, folic acid, and adequate pain management. An appointment was also scheduled for the patient to follow with a sickle cell nurse practitioner upon discharge.
PubMed: 35494937
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23604 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2019Introduction: Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for high-normal blood pressure (BP) both in men and women. The effect of uric acid (UA) on erythrocyte...
OBJECTIVE
Introduction: Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for high-normal blood pressure (BP) both in men and women. The effect of uric acid (UA) on erythrocyte morphology in normotensive patients needs further study. The aim - to evaluate the impact of serum UA level on erythrocyte morphology in normotensive patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: Patients were divided into two group according to the UA level: the first group - 38 patients with UA level < 400 mcmol/L; the second group - 42 patients with UA level ≥ 400 mcmol/L. Studies on erythrocyte morphology were conducted using cytological analysis and scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Results: Patients of the 1st group had poikilocytosis level of 4,6%, while type I echinocytes were 3,2%, type II echinocytes - 1,1%, stomatocytes - 1,3%. In the 2nd group, poikilocytosis exceeding 5% was observed in 12 patients with mean values of altered shapes of 12,8±1,2%. In the 2nd group, type I echinocytes was 6,2% (9,4±0,9%) more, type II echinocytes - 1,3% (2,4±0,5%) more, stomatocytes - 0,3% (1,0±0,2%) more. In the study correlation between UA and poikilocytosis was found: in the 1st group - r = +0,21 and in the second group - r = +0,42. In the 1st group, correlation between UA and BP was moderate for SBP - r = +0,34 and weak for DBP - r = +0,29; in the 2nd group: SBP - r = +0,49 and r = +0,35 for DBP.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Direct correlation between uric acid level and poikilocytosis level becomes more intensive when uric acid level exceeds ≥ 400 mcmol/L.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Male; Uric Acid
PubMed: 31860850
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Research Communications Apr 2024South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly... (Review)
Review
South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly with a packed cell volume (PCV) below 0.10 l/l, which is a life-threatening condition for the animals. This review article presents clinical and laboratory diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. Clinical identification of anaemic animals can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA© score and the Body Condition Score (BCS), since anaemia in alpacas and llamas correlates with pale mucous membranes and a lowered BCS. Haematological examination of a blood sample can provide a more differentiated diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. A common finding is regenerative anaemia with an increased number of reticulocytes that is often caused by blood loss due to Haemonchus contortus. Changes in a blood smear from an alpaca or llama with regenerative anaemia may include normoblasts (nucleated red blood cells), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies or basophilic stippling. Furthermore, non-regenerative anaemia, often caused by trace element deficiency or cachexia, can also occur.
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Anemia; Haemonchus; South America
PubMed: 38049672
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10274-z