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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Disease Eradication
PubMed: 36379554
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221320 -
JAMA Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 36112391
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.17159 -
Poliomyelitis is a current challenge: long-term sequelae and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.GeroScience Apr 2023For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First,... (Review)
Review
For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First, around half of poliomyelitis elderly survivors suffer late poliomyelitis sequelae with a substantial impact on daily activities and quality of life, experiencing varying degrees of residual weakness as they age. The post-polio syndrome as well as accelerated aging may be involved. Second, after the worldwide Sabin oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccination, the recent reappearance of strains of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) circulating in the environment is worrisome and able to persistent person-to-person transmission. Such VDPV strains exhibit atypical genetic characteristics and reversed neurovirulence that can cause paralysis similarly to wild poliovirus, posing a significant obstacle to the elimination of polio. Immunization is essential for preventing paralysis in those who are exposed to the poliovirus. Stress the necessity of maintaining high vaccination rates because declining immunity increases the likelihood of reemergence. If mankind wants to eradicate polio in the near future, measures to raise immunization rates and living conditions in poorer nations are needed, along with strict observation. New oral polio vaccine candidates offer a promissory tool for this goal.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Paralysis; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36260265
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00672-7 -
Muscle & Nerve Dec 2018Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by new muscle weakness and/or muscle fatigability that occurs many years after the initial poliomyelitis illness. An... (Review)
Review
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by new muscle weakness and/or muscle fatigability that occurs many years after the initial poliomyelitis illness. An individualized approach to rehabilitation management is critical. Interventions may include rehabilitation management strategies, adaptive equipment, orthotic equipment, gait/mobility aids, and a variety of therapeutic exercises. The progression of muscle weakness in PPS is typically slow and gradual; however, there is also variability in both the natural history of weakness and functional prognosis. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of selected medical treatment. Muscle Nerve 58:760-769, 2018.
Topics: Disease Management; Disease Progression; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; Prognosis
PubMed: 29752826
DOI: 10.1002/mus.26167 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021
Topics: Famous Persons; Georgia; History, 20th Century; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; United States
PubMed: 34175018
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.05.002 -
Neurologia Jun 2022Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).
INTRODUCTION
Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).
OBJECTIVE
To identify the clinical and functional profile and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting PPS.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of 400 patients with poliomyelitis attended at the Institut Guttmann outpatient clinic, of whom 310 were diagnosed with PPS. We describe patients' epidemiological, clinical, and electromyographic variables and analyse the relationships between age of poliomyelitis onset and severity of the disease, and between sex, age of PPS onset, and the frequency of symptoms.
RESULTS
PPS was more frequent in women (57.7%). The mean age at symptom onset was 52.4 years, and was earlier in women. Age at primary infection > 2 years was not related to greater poliomyelitis severity. The frequency of symptoms was: pain in 85% of patients, loss of strength in 40%, fatigue in 65.5%, tiredness in 57.8%, cold intolerance in 20.2%, dysphagia in 11.7%, cognitive complaints in 9%, and depressive symptoms in 31.5%. Fatigue, tiredness, depression, and cognitive complaints were significantly more frequent in women. Fifty-nine percent of patients presented electromyographic findings suggestive of PPS.
CONCLUSIONS
While the symptoms observed in our sample are similar to those reported in the literature, the frequencies observed are not. We believe that patients' clinical profile may be very diverse, giving more weight to such objective parameters as worsening of symptoms or appearance of weakness; analysis of biomarkers may bring us closer to an accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Disease Progression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35672121
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.023 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2018
Topics: Disease Eradication; Humans; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 29760007
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2077 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2016Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, which is a positive strand non-enveloped virus that occurs in three distinct serotypes (1, 2, and 3). Infection is mainly by the...
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, which is a positive strand non-enveloped virus that occurs in three distinct serotypes (1, 2, and 3). Infection is mainly by the fecal-oral route and can be confined to the gut by antibodies induced either by vaccine, previous infection or maternally acquired. Vaccines include the live attenuated strains developed by Sabin and the inactivated vaccines developed by Salk; the live attenuated vaccine (Oral Polio Vaccine or OPV) has been the main tool in the Global Program of Polio eradication of the World Health Organisation. Wild type 2 virus has not caused a case since 1999 and type 3 since 2012 and eradication seems near. However most infections are entirely silent so that sophisticated environmental surveillance may be needed to ensure that the virus has been eradicated, and the live vaccine can sometimes revert to virulent circulating forms under conditions that are not wholly understood. Cessation of vaccination is therefore an increasingly important issue and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is playing a larger part in the end game.
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 26983727
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3292-4_1 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 2019
Topics: Africa; Humans; Patient Isolation; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 31305249
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31516-8 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2018
Topics: Americas; Disease Eradication; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 30534918
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400341