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The Lancet. Global Health Aug 2021The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, launched in 1988 with anticipated completion by 2000, has yet to reach its ultimate goal. The recent surge of polio cases... (Review)
Review
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, launched in 1988 with anticipated completion by 2000, has yet to reach its ultimate goal. The recent surge of polio cases urgently calls for a reassessment of the programme's current strategy and a new design for the way forward. We propose that the sustainable protection of the world population against paralytic polio cannot be achieved simply by stopping the circulation of poliovirus but must also include maintaining high rates of population immunity indefinitely, which can be created and maintained by implementing global immunisation programmes with improved poliovirus vaccines that create comprehensive immunity without spawning new virulent viruses. The proposed new strategic goal of eradicating the disease rather than the virus would lead to a sustainable eradication of poliomyelitis while simultaneously promoting immunisation against other vaccine-preventable diseases.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines; Program Evaluation
PubMed: 34118192
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00205-9 -
The Lancet. Neurology Jul 2014
Review
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 24943342
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70133-4 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Poliomyelitis; Vaccination; Retreatment
PubMed: 36651388
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023282.18972022 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2021Scoliosis has a very high prevalence among patients with neuromuscular disease involving the thoracic spine and truncal muscles. Physical examination and radiographs are... (Review)
Review
Scoliosis has a very high prevalence among patients with neuromuscular disease involving the thoracic spine and truncal muscles. Physical examination and radiographs are used to screen for presence of scoliosis and monitor progression. Management includes therapy participation, optimizing equipment and orthotic use, and possible surgical intervention. Unlike idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, curves tend to progress despite orthotic use compliance. Associated pelvic obliquity creates risk for pressure sores and pain. As such, education of caregivers is a key point of optimizing management.
Topics: Humans; Neuromuscular Diseases; Poliomyelitis; Quality of Life; Scoliosis
PubMed: 34175013
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2021.02.007 -
Nature Medicine Oct 2018
Topics: Humans; Israel; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Sewage; Vaccines
PubMed: 30297901
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0218-0 -
Bulletin of the History of Medicine 2020This essay reconsiders epidemic narratives through the lens of polio to examine temporal shifts and overlapping and conflicting temporalities and assess some of the...
This essay reconsiders epidemic narratives through the lens of polio to examine temporal shifts and overlapping and conflicting temporalities and assess some of the stakes in how we conceptualize the epidemic dramaturgy. I argue that while the dramaturgy of epidemics serves as a thread around which people, state actors, and institutions organize experiences, responses, and expectations, consideration of the multiplicity of epidemic temporalities is crucial in understanding how medical practice and knowledge are shaped and transferred, particularly with attention to actors that might be rendered invisible by the conventional narrative arc.
Topics: Epidemics; History, 20th Century; Humans; Literature, Modern; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 33775947
DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2020.0090 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Immunization Programs; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 36183713
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01875-X -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2018In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Although substantial progress was achieved by 2000, global polio eradication... (Review)
Review
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Although substantial progress was achieved by 2000, global polio eradication proved elusive. In India, the goal was accomplished in 2011, and the entire South-East Asia Region was certified as polio-free in 2014. The year 2016 marks the lowest wild poliovirus type 1 case count ever, the lowest number of polio-endemic countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan), the maintenance of wild poliovirus type 2 eradication, and the continued absence of wild poliovirus type 3 detection since 2012. The year also marks the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) moving into the post-cessation of Sabin type 2, after the effort of globally synchronized withdrawal of Sabin type 2 poliovirus in April 2016. Sustained efforts will be needed to ensure polio eradication is accomplished, to overcome the access and security issues, and continue to improve the quality and reach of field operations. After that, surveillance (the "eyes and ears") will move further to the center stage. Sensitive surveillance will monitor the withdrawal of all Sabin polioviruses, and with facility containment, constitute the cornerstones for eventual global certification of wild poliovirus eradication. An emergency response capacity is essential to institute timely control measures should polio still re-emerge. Simultaneously, the public health community needs to determine whether and how to apply the polio-funded infrastructure to other priorities (after the GPEI funding has stopped). Eradication is the primary goal, but securing eradication will require continued efforts, dedicated resources, and a firm commitment by the global public health community.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; India; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 29302865
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2586-8 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oct 2022Investments in national immunization programs and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have resulted in substantial reductions in paralytic polio worldwide....
BACKGROUND
Investments in national immunization programs and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have resulted in substantial reductions in paralytic polio worldwide. However, cases prevented because of investments in immunization programs and GPEI remain incompletely characterized.
METHODS
Using a global model that integrates polio transmission, immunity, and vaccine dynamics, we provide estimates of polio incidence and numbers of paralytic cases prevented. We compare the results with reported cases and estimates historically published by the World Health Organization.
RESULTS
We estimate that the existence and use of polio vaccines prevented 5 million cases of paralytic polio for 1960-1987 and 24 million cases worldwide for 1988-2021 compared to a counterfactual world with no polio vaccines. Since the 1988 resolution to eradicate polio, our estimates suggest GPEI prevented 2.5-6 million cases of paralytic polio compared to counterfactual worlds without GPEI that assume different levels of intensity of polio vaccine use in routine immunization programs.
CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of historical cases provides important context for understanding and communicating the benefits of investments made in polio eradication. Prospective studies will need to explore the expected benefits of future investments, the outcomes of which will depend on whether and when polio is globally eradicated.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Programs; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35415741
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac130 -
Pediatric Nursing 2015
Topics: Child; History, 20th Century; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; United States
PubMed: 26201168
DOI: No ID Found