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BioMed Research International 2020MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo--dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo--dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that exist as complex mixtures . When humans are simultaneously exposed to these compounds, the development of atherosclerosis is known to be enhanced. However, the roles of miRNA in TCDD- and PCB-induced atherosclerosis are largely unknown. Therefore, the present study is aimed at elucidating the possible dysregulation of miRNAs in atherogenesis induced by coexposure to TCDD and PCBs. Eight-week-old male ApoE mice were coexposed to TCDD (15 g/kg) and Aroclor1254 (55 mg/kg, a representative mixture of PCBs) by intraperitoneal injection four times over a 6-week period. Microarray analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of ApoE mice with or without TCDD and Aroclor1254 coexposure was performed. We discovered that 68 miRNAs and 1312 mRNAs exhibited significant expression changes in response to TCDD and PCB coexposure and revealed that both changed miRNAs and mRNAs are involved in cardiovascular disease processes. An integrated miRNA-mRNA approach indicated that miRNA-26a-5p, miRNA-193a-3p, and miRNA-30c-5p participated in specific TCDD and Aroclor1254 coresponsive networks which are relevant to the cardiovascular system development and function network. Furthermore, our results also indicated that miRNA-130a-3p and miRNA-376a-3p were novel players in the regulation of TCDD- and Aroclor1254-induced atherosclerosis pathways. In summary, our finding provided new insights into the mechanism of atherosclerosis in response to TCDD and PCB coexposure.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); Environmental Exposure; Liver; Male; Mice, Knockout, ApoE; MicroRNAs; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; RNA, Messenger; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32855961
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2652756 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Jul 2016The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in foodstuffs have decreased over the...
Temporal trend of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/polychlorinated dibenzofuran and dioxin like-polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in food from Taiwan markets during 2004-2012.
The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in foodstuffs have decreased over the past decade in many countries. However, the trend for the levels of these compounds in foodstuffs in Taiwan remains unknown. In this study, we compared the distribution of PCDD/F and PCB in nine foodstuff categories acquired from Taiwan markets from 2004 to 2012. The levels expressed as World Health Organization toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) in the different foodstuffs tested were as follows: fish, average 0.463 pg WHO-TEQ/g sample > seafood, 0.163 pg WHO-TEQ/g > eggs, 0.150 pg WHO-TEQ/g > oils, 0.126 pg WHO-TEQ/g > meats, 0.095 pg WHO-TEQ/g > dairy products, 0.054 pg WHO-TEQ/g > cereals, 0.017 pg WHO-TEQ/g > vegetables, 0.013 pg WHO-TEQ/g > fruits, 0.009 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Levels were particularly high in crab (average: 0.6 pg WHO-TEQ/g sample (1.243 pg WHO-TEQ/g sample) and large marine fish (0.6). In Taiwan, a decreasing trend of PCDD/Fs or dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) was observed in meat, dairy, eggs, and vegetables, whereas an elevated trend was observed in cereals or the levels were nearly equal in fruits and oils at alternative time shift. Dl-PCBs contributed to 60-65% toxicity equivalence levels in fish and seafood, but only to 13-40% in meat and cereal samples. The decreasing trend was consistent with the results in other countries; however, the trends in cereals, fruits, and oils were in contrast to previous results reported in other countries. Cereals and fruits are important crops in southern Taiwan, and the local pollution generated by industries or incinerators may seriously affect the distribution of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. To ensure food safety, a risk assessment for residents living in different areas should be adopted for all food categories simultaneously in the future.
Topics: Animals; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Dioxins; Food Contamination; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Taiwan
PubMed: 28911572
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.006 -
Environmental Technology Apr 2021Sample pretreatment process is usually performed before real sample detection. Extraction is one of the most prevalent pretreatment methods. Due to the unequal...
Sample pretreatment process is usually performed before real sample detection. Extraction is one of the most prevalent pretreatment methods. Due to the unequal solubility in two liquid phases, target is extracted (usually from water to organic phase) and further detected with laboratory instruments. Although the analytical instruments have high sensitivity and selectivity, they are relatively expensive and require skilful hands, which is restricted to laboratory use. Here, paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for measuring samples extracted with organic solvents were tested. The μPADs were employed as a filter for buffer exchange, allowing the transfer of targets from organic solvent to water-based buffer, which could be specifically detected by water-based assays. As an example, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in hexane were detected with aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on μPADs within 30 min. The result of colour change can be recognized from 70.0 ng/L with a low loading amount (0.5 μL). Instead of laboratory instrumental analysis with relative high cost, this assay showed the promising utility of μPADs for target detection after sample pretreatment, which could be utilized as a general platform for inexpensive onsite detection.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Solvents
PubMed: 31630640
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1680741 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2018In what has become known as the Yusho incident, thousands of people in western Japan were poisoned by the accidental ingestion of rice bran oil contaminated with...
In what has become known as the Yusho incident, thousands of people in western Japan were poisoned by the accidental ingestion of rice bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and various dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. In this study, we investigated the accumulation patterns of 69 PCB congeners in the blood of Yusho patients in comparison with those of non-exposed controls. The blood samples were collected at medical check-ups in 2004 and 2005. To compare the patterns of PCB congeners, we calculated the concentration ratio of each congener relative to the 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB (CB153) concentration. The concentration ratios of tetra- and penta-chlorinated congeners in the blood of Yusho patients were significantly lower than those of controls. To examine the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolic potential of the 2,3',4,4'5-pentaCB (CB118), CB153, and 2,3,3',4,4'5-hexaCB (CB156) congeners, we conducted PCB-CYP (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6) docking simulation by in silico analysis. The docking models showed that human CYP1A1, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 isozymes have the potential to metabolize CB118 and CB153. On the other hand, it was inferred that CB156 is difficult to be metabolized by these four CYP isozymes. These results indicate that CYP1 and CYP2 isozymes may be involved in the characteristic accumulation patterns of PCB congeners in the blood of Yusho patients.
Topics: Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dioxins; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Japan; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 28639016
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9498-z -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aug 2021This study determined the indoor air levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in some selected public bars in Southern part of Nigeria. The result obtained was used...
This study determined the indoor air levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in some selected public bars in Southern part of Nigeria. The result obtained was used to carry out health risk assessment of exposure to PCBs in these indoor environment.s. Air samples were obtained from the selected popular bars using polyurethane (PUF) passive samplers. PCB quantification was done using GC-MS operated in selected ionization mode (SIM). Health risk assessment from exposure of these pollutants was determining using toxicity equivalence quotient (TEQ), inhalation risk assessment (IRA), incremental life cancer risk (ILCR), and hazard quotient (HQ). The results showed the average concentration range of 0.15-0.17 µg/m. The mean TEQ at various locations was 0.00050 ng WHO-TEQ/m, while the calculated daily inhalation exposure values were 0.0004 ng TEQ kg day for adults and 0.0002 ng TEQ kg day for children. The values of IRA, ILCR for the children, and HQs for both adults and children were higher than the WHO permissible limits. The study revealed that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with longtime exposure to PCBs in the indoor environment public bars.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 34453199
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09405-3 -
Critical Reviews in Toxicology Feb 2024Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic toxicants derived from legacy pollution sources and their formation as inadvertent byproducts of some current... (Review)
Review
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic toxicants derived from legacy pollution sources and their formation as inadvertent byproducts of some current manufacturing processes. Metabolism of PCBs is often a critical component in their toxicity, and relevant metabolic pathways usually include their initial oxidation to form hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs). Subsequent sulfation of OH-PCBs was originally thought to be primarily a means of detoxication; however, there is strong evidence that it may also contribute to toxicities associated with PCBs and OH-PCBs. These contributions include either the direct interaction of PCB sulfates with receptors or their serving as a localized precursor for OH-PCBs. The formation of PCB sulfates is catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferases, and, when transported into the serum, these metabolites may be retained, taken up by other tissues, and subjected to hydrolysis catalyzed by intracellular sulfatase(s) to regenerate OH-PCBs. Dynamic cycling between PCB sulfates and OH-PCBs may lead to further metabolic activation of the resulting OH-PCBs. Ultimate toxic endpoints of such processes may include endocrine disruption, neurotoxicities, and many others that are associated with exposures to PCBs and OH-PCBs. This review highlights the current understanding of the complex roles that PCB sulfates can have in the toxicities of PCBs and OH-PCBs and research on the varied mechanisms that control these roles.
Topics: Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Hydroxylation; Sulfates; Environmental Pollution; Hazardous Substances
PubMed: 38363552
DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2311270 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2020Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of...
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and/or dioxin-like PCB-169 on longitudinal femur growth at the distal epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in young rats at three different ages [postnatal days (PNDs) 9, 22, and 42]. After delivery, lactating rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155 + 169, and control) and administered PCBs intraperitoneally. The femurs of offspring were used to estimate growth rate (µm/day), and histomorphometric analysis on the distal femur included the thickness of the EGP and zones of proliferation and hypertrophy with calcification. Stereometry was used to determine trabecular bone volume density. In the PCB-169 and PCB-155 + 169 groups, PCB-169 affected longitudinal bone growth in the early postnatal period by interfering with chondrocytes in the EGP zone of proliferation and, to a lesser extent, the zone of hypertrophy. Morphometric alterations in EGP structure diminished until puberty. A slow growth rate persisted in the PCB-169 group until PND 42, while in the PCB-155 group, a fast growth rate between PNDs 9 to 22 was significantly reduced between PNDs 22 to 42. Sterometric assessment showed decreased trabecular bone volume in the PCB-155 + 169 group compared with that in the control on PND 9 and increased in the PCB-169 group compared with that in the PCB-155 group on PND 42. To summarize, studied PCB congeners exerted congener- and age-dependent effects on femur growth rate and its histomorphometric characteristics.
Topics: Animals; Female; Femur; Growth Plate; Lactation; Male; Maternal Exposure; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 33149271
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76057-7 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Aug 2018Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are xenobiotic compounds that persists in the environment for long-term, though its productivity is banned. Abatement of the pollutants... (Review)
Review
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are xenobiotic compounds that persists in the environment for long-term, though its productivity is banned. Abatement of the pollutants have become laborious due to it's recalcitrant nature in the environment leading to toxic effects in humans and other living beings. Biphenyl degrading bacteria co-metabolically degrade low chlorinated PCBs using the active metabolic pathway. bph operon possess different genetic arrangements in gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The binding ability of the genes and the active sites were determined by PCB docking studies. The active site of bphA gene with conserved amino acid residues determines the substrate specificity and biodegradability. Accumulation of toxic intermediates alters cellular behaviour, biomass production and downturn the metabolic activity. Several bacteria in the environment attain unculturable state which is viable and metabolically active but not cultivable (VBNC). Resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) and Rpf homologous protein retrieve the culturability of the so far uncultured bacteria. Recovery of this adaptive mechanism against various physical and chemical stressors make a headway in understanding the functionality of both environmental and medically important unculturable bacteria. Thus, this paper review about the general aspects of PCBs, cellular toxicity exerted by PCBs, role of unculturable bacterial strains in biodegradation, genes involved and degradation pathways. It is suggested to extrapolate the research findings on extracellular organic matters produced in culture supernatant of VBNC thus transforming VBNC to culturable state.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cytokines; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 29605643
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.014 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry May 2020Passive sampling has emerged as a promising tool to assess the presence of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) in water, sediment, and biota, such as polychlorinated...
Passive sampling has emerged as a promising tool to assess the presence of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) in water, sediment, and biota, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Previous work evaluated the ability of passive samplers to predict the bioavailability of sedimentary HOCs mostly in the laboratory, often for marine organisms. The present study assessed the use of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to derive freely dissolved concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in porewater in situ versus ex situ and in river water. An LDPE-based multisampler system was deployed at 4 locations along the lower Passaic River (NJ, USA) in sediment and the water column, where sediment and benthic species samples were also collected. Good agreement was generally observed for PCDD/F and PCB concentrations comparing in situ and ex situ approaches (within 0.30-39%). Significant linear relationships were derived between log LDPE-based and log lipid-based concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. The in situ multisampler system showed promise to derive HOC concentrations in porewater and river water and to predict the bioaccumulation potential of HOCs in benthic biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1174-1185. © 2020 SETAC.
Topics: Aquatic Organisms; Bioaccumulation; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; New Jersey; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 32200571
DOI: 10.1002/etc.4716 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2014Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated to type 2 diabetes in adults.
CONTEXT
Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated to type 2 diabetes in adults.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine whether concurrent plasma PCB concentration was associated with markers of glucose metabolism in healthy children.
SETTING AND DESIGN
Cross-sectional study of 771 healthy Danish third grade school children ages 8-10 years in the municipality of Odense were recruited in 1997 through a two-stage cluster sampling from 25 schools stratified according to location and socioeconomic character; 509 (9.7 ± 0.8 y, 53% girls) had adequate amounts available for PCB analyses.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured and a homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B) calculated. Plasma PCB congeners and other persistent compounds were measured and ΣPCB calculated.
RESULTS
PCBs were present in plasma at low concentrations, median, 0.19 μg/g lipid (interquartile range, 0.12-0.31). After adjustment for putative confounding factors, the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of total PCB were significantly inversely associated with serum insulin (-14.6%, -21.7%, -18.9%, -23.1%, P trend < .01), compared with the first quintile, but not with serum glucose (P = .45). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were affected in the same direction due to the declining insulin levels with increasing PCB exposure. Similar results were found for individual PCB congeners, for βHCB (hexachlorobenzen) and pp-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene).
CONCLUSIONS
A strong inverse association between serum insulin and PCB exposure was found while fasting glucose remained within the expected narrow range. Our findings suggest that PCB may not exert effect through decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity, as seen in obese and low-fit children, but rather through a toxicity to β-cells. It remains to be demonstrated whether lower HOMA-B is caused by destruction of β-cell-reducing peripheral insulin resistance and thereby increase fasting glucose as previously found.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 25093617
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1683