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Annales D'endocrinologie Sep 2019PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the first endocrinopathy of women of child-bearing age and the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. The pathophysiology of this... (Review)
Review
PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the first endocrinopathy of women of child-bearing age and the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is complex and involves genetic traits highlighted by GWAS and epigenetic traits with DNA methylation modifications. Initially described as an ovarian disease, works carried out over recent years were turned towards neuroendocrine disorder involving GABAergic pathways, KNDy neurons and a possible role of prenatal androgen exposure determined by animal models. Clinically, PCOS leads to many complications including psychological and emotional disorders demonstrated in large populations of PCOS women. © 2019 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Cet article fait partie du numéro supplément Les Must de l'Endocrinologie 2019 réalisé avec le soutien institutionnel de Ipsen-Pharma.
Topics: Androgens; Endocrinology; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mental Disorders; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 31606059
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4266(19)30114-3 -
Fertility and Sterility Feb 2021
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 33272639
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.169 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2015
Topics: Female; Humans; Insulin; Life Style; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 26841154
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.06.485 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Oct 2020
Topics: Female; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Patient Advocacy; Patient Education as Topic; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quality Improvement; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33097106
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.10.001 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jun 2019Menstrual irregularity and evidence of hyperandrogenism are characteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents. Diagnosis of PCOS is challenging... (Review)
Review
Menstrual irregularity and evidence of hyperandrogenism are characteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents. Diagnosis of PCOS is challenging as clinical features cannot be differentiated from the events of normal development. The specific aetiology of PCOS is not known but it is a complex disease resulting from interplay of genetic susceptibility, intrauterine, extra-uterine and environmental factors. Obesity and insulin resistance are common associations, because of which patients are at high risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle modifications are recommended in all patients with pharmacological agents to control features of hyperandrogenism and menstrual disturbances. This chapter discusses the pathogenesis of PCOS and diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents and the difficulties in diagnosis. In brief the associated co-morbidities and management are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Luteinizing Hormone; Menstruation Disturbances; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 31027973
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.04.006 -
Drug Discovery Today Dec 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prevails in approximately 33% of females of reproductive age globally. Although the root cause of the disease is unknown, attempts are... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prevails in approximately 33% of females of reproductive age globally. Although the root cause of the disease is unknown, attempts are made to clinically manage the disturbed hormone levels and symptoms arising due to hyperandrogenism, a hallmark of PCOS. This review presents detailed insights on the etiology, risk factors, current treatment strategies, and challenges therein. Medicinal agents currently in clinical trials and those in the development pipeline are emphasized. The significance of the inclusion of herbal supplements in PCOS and the benefits of improved lifestyle are also explained. Last, emerging therapeutic targets for treating PCOS are elaborated. The present review will assist the research fraternity working in the concerned domain to access significant knowledge associated with PCOS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Hyperandrogenism; Dietary Supplements; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37935329
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103821 -
Fertility and Sterility May 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with hallmark features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with hallmark features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound. In addition, PCOS is associated with several endocrine and metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, which all increase the risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), the presence of altered vascular endothelium without overt CVD. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature regarding subclinical CVD in women with PCOS, including markers such as flow-mediated dilation, arterial stiffness, coronary artery calcium scores, carotid intima-media thickness and visceral and epicardial fat.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35512975
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.02.028 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Apr 2022
Topics: Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 34788850
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab827 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Apr 2018Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) typically manifests with a combination of menstrual dysfunction and evidence of hyperandrogenism in the adolescent population. No single... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) typically manifests with a combination of menstrual dysfunction and evidence of hyperandrogenism in the adolescent population. No single cause has been identified; however, evidence suggests a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Polycystic ovary syndrome presents a particular diagnostic challenge in adolescents as normal pubertal changes can present with a similar phenotype. Management of PCOS in the adolescent population should focus on a multi-modal approach with lifestyle modification and pharmacologic treatment to address bothersome symptoms. This chapter outlines the pathogenesis of PCOS, including the effects of obesity, insulin resistance, genetic, and environmental factors. The evolution of the diagnostic criteria of PCOS as well as specific challenges of diagnosis in the adolescent population are reviewed. Finally, evidence for lifestyle modification and pharmacologic treatments are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Phenotype; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Puberty
PubMed: 28919160
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.008 -
Fertility and Sterility Mar 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that impacts women worldwide. There are several racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and in... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that impacts women worldwide. There are several racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and in PCOS- associated metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current literature on disparities in the diagnosis and outcomes associated with PCOS in the United States. Future studies are needed to address gaps in knowledge for racial and ethnic-specific differences in PCOS, and include a large number of non-White and/or Hispanic participants in PCOS studies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Phenotype; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Racial Groups; United States; Health Status Disparities
PubMed: 36702345
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.01.031