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Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2022Physical function (PF) is a strong predictor for length of stay, complications, readmission, and mortality among patients across different diagnoses. Still, systematic...
Physical function (PF) is a strong predictor for length of stay, complications, readmission, and mortality among patients across different diagnoses. Still, systematic assessment of PF in hospitalised patients is not common, and if, only among the oldest. In this review, we suggest implementation of an easily applicable and validated test battery using the Cumulated Ambulation Score for basic mobility, Handgrip strength for general muscle strength, and the 30s Chair Stand Test for combined function and muscle strength for early identification and treatment of reduced PF in adult patients across diagnoses.
Topics: Female; Adult; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Factors; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 36331169
DOI: No ID Found -
Life Sciences Dec 2023Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and osteoporosis, though seemingly unrelated, exhibit intricate connections influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. PCOS,... (Review)
Review
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and osteoporosis, though seemingly unrelated, exhibit intricate connections influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. PCOS, characterized by elevated androgen levels, insulin resistance, and increased body weight, has historically been considered protective against bone fragility disorders. However, emerging research suggests that chronic inflammation, prevalent in PCOS, can adversely affect bone health. Studies have demonstrated variable bone mineral density loss in PCOS, often associated with leptin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Key genes such as INS, IGF1, CTNNB1, AKT1, and STAT3 play pivotal roles in the complex interplay between PCOS and osteoporosis, influencing insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory pathways. Oxidative stress, a prominent element in PCOS, can lead to osteoporosis through hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. The insulin signaling pathway also significantly impacts both conditions by contributing to hormonal imbalances and bone health alterations. This intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors underscores the need for a deeper understanding of their interrelationships. Thus, this review elucidates the multifaceted genetic, epigenetic, and inflammatory connections between PCOS and osteoporosis, highlighting their implications for bone health management in individuals with PCOS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin; Osteoporosis; Inflammation
PubMed: 37981226
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122280 -
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine Mar 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, complex, and chronic condition that presents many diagnostic and management challenges for managing clinicians. PCOS...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, complex, and chronic condition that presents many diagnostic and management challenges for managing clinicians. PCOS diagnosis in adolescents presents a particular challenge for treating clinicians due to the overlap of diagnostic features with normal physiological changes during adolescence. Adolescent diagnostic criteria include well-defined menstrual irregularity according to time postmenarche and hyperandrogenism, but does not require the use of pelvic ultrasound. Adolescents with only one criterion should be considered at risk of PCOS and be followed up around transition to adult care. While PCOS was traditionally considered to be a reproductive disorder, PCOS is now recognized to have major metabolic and cardiovascular health consequences and psychological sequelae that can be present from adolescence. Management of PCOS includes healthy lifestyle, metformin, combined oral contraceptive pill, and/or antiandrogens according to symptoms of concern even in adolescents at risk of PCOS.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Menstruation Disturbances; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 36096151
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757138 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2017Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor β family, reflecting the number of ovarian antral follicles. Polycystic... (Review)
Review
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor β family, reflecting the number of ovarian antral follicles. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy predisposing to infertility, and metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In our review, we discuss the role of AMH in PCOS pathophysiology and its clinical applications according to the published studies. Improvement of AMH assay validity will allow the clinical utility of this valuable biomarker to be widened. (Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (1): 74-78).
Topics: Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 27918066
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2016.0065 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2022Insulin resistance is an essential metabolic phenomenon that plays an important part in the pathophysiological development of a number of common diseases, such as...
Insulin resistance is an essential metabolic phenomenon that plays an important part in the pathophysiological development of a number of common diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, fatty liver disease, and several types of cancer. It is therefore important for the clinician to understand the nature of insulin resistance. The purpose of this article is to provide a status of today's knowledge on the subject that applies to diagnosis and treatment of patients with insulin resistance in the daily clinic.
Topics: Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Factors; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Obesity; Insulin
PubMed: 36305255
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2020Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women in their reproductive age. Recent studies have shown that genes have an... (Review)
Review
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women in their reproductive age. Recent studies have shown that genes have an important role in the etiology of PCOS. However, the precise way in which these genes are transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated is poorly understood. The aim of the present review is to provide updated information on miRNAs and DNA methylation as epigenetic marks of PCOS. The data presented here allow concluding that both microRNAs and DNA methylation can be considered as possible useful biomarkers when choosing the treatment for a specific PCOS phenotype and thus represent two important tools for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS patients.
Topics: DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 31580245
DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003154548 -
The Journal of Endocrinology Jun 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-13% of reproductive-aged women, impacts biopsychosocial factors and creates a significant health-related economic burden... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8-13% of reproductive-aged women, impacts biopsychosocial factors and creates a significant health-related economic burden across the reproductive, metabolic and psychological spectrum of complications. Despite being a heterogenous condition, recent genomic studies indicate that PCOS, regardless of diagnostic criteria and clinical features, shares similar underlying biologic mechanisms. However, recent advances have shown that clinical reproductive and diagnostic features are poorly correlated to genotypes and do not represent true phenotypes. Until we have a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic influences on PCOS and long-term outcomes, targeted treatment is limited. In the interim, a unified approach to integrate evidence, optimise management and guide future research in PCOS is necessary. This has motivated an international collaboration to develop an International Evidence-Based PCOS Guideline to improve health outcomes in women with PCOS. Dissemination and translation of the guideline into health policy and clinical practice are crucial steps to close the knowledge--practice gap, guide future research and enhance positive impact on the health of women with PCOS. Here, we review the (i) understanding of aetiology and genetics of PCOS; (ii) development and translation efforts of the 2018 International Evidence-based PCOS Guideline; (iii) current progress and plans for the guideline update, including the involvement of an early career researcher network to assist with evidence synthesis and (iv) the opportunity to target and guide future research for PCOS.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Infertility, Female; Reproduction; Phenotype
PubMed: 36946556
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-22-0232 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Female
PubMed: 38920156
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023397 -
Fertility and Sterility Jun 2024
Topics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Humans; Female; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38341057
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.02.008 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Jun 2016Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial heterogeneous disorder affecting 6% to 10% of reproductive-age women. The use of criteria developed for adult women is... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial heterogeneous disorder affecting 6% to 10% of reproductive-age women. The use of criteria developed for adult women is problematic for the adolescent girl because the clinical features associated with PCOS are normal pubertal events. The recent consensus statement on PCOS in adolescents stated that hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea need to persist for at least 2 years to consider the diagnosis of PCOS. Although insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and obesity are often associated with PCOS, these features are not considered valid diagnostic criteria. Recent genomewide association studies implicate genetic loci involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Oligomenorrhea; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 27241968
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.004