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Fertility and Sterility Jun 2024
Topics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Humans; Female; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38341057
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.02.008 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Jun 2016Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial heterogeneous disorder affecting 6% to 10% of reproductive-age women. The use of criteria developed for adult women is... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a familial heterogeneous disorder affecting 6% to 10% of reproductive-age women. The use of criteria developed for adult women is problematic for the adolescent girl because the clinical features associated with PCOS are normal pubertal events. The recent consensus statement on PCOS in adolescents stated that hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea need to persist for at least 2 years to consider the diagnosis of PCOS. Although insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and obesity are often associated with PCOS, these features are not considered valid diagnostic criteria. Recent genomewide association studies implicate genetic loci involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Oligomenorrhea; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 27241968
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.01.004 -
JAMA Jan 2022
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 35040885
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.19776 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Apr 2018The diagnostic criteria for adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been derived from adult criteria, which makes diagnosis challenging as criteria include... (Review)
Review
The diagnostic criteria for adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been derived from adult criteria, which makes diagnosis challenging as criteria include normal physiological events that occur during puberty such as acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, high androgen levels and polycystic ovarian morphology on pelvic ultrasound. The only criteria that applies from the adult criteria is exclusion of other conditions that mimic PCOS. Clinical findings consistent with hyperandrogenaemia during adolescence include inflammatory acne, hirsutism, alopecia and/or menstrual irregularities, which are severe and present 2 years after menarche. The measurement of androgen levels during adolescence should take into account age, puberty, type of androgen measured, assay used and diurnal rhythm. Multiple measurements are useful to demonstrate hyperandrogenaemia. The combination, severity and persistence of the hyperandrogenic symptoms and hyperandrogenaemia in girls 2 years or more post-menarche support the diagnosis of adolescent PCOS. Adolescent girls with these findings should be followed up into adulthood.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Menstruation Disturbances; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29280221
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13821 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2022During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways... (Review)
Review
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Ovulation Induction; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35595347
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022A potential correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and asthma, used to be identified as diseases originating from two independent systems, has been... (Review)
Review
A potential correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and asthma, used to be identified as diseases originating from two independent systems, has been supported by increasing evidence. From an epidemiological perspective, mounting studies have confirmed that women suffering from PCOS exhibit increased susceptibility to asthma. Meanwhile, PCOS and asthma seem to share several mutual pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, hormonal fluctuation, proinflammatory state, etc. Here, we further elucidate the correlation between asthma and PCOS by focusing on the internal common pathophysiology and adverse influences on women's health. Understanding the internal connection between PCOS and asthma may shed light on developing new prevention and control strategies to fight against these conditions.
Topics: Asthma; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Women's Health
PubMed: 35865312
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.936948 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of childbearing age. The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic...
OBJECTIVE
Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of childbearing age. The relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic kidney disease remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we investigated the causal role of polycystic ovary syndrome in the development of chronic kidney disease using the two-sample Mendelian randomization method.
METHODS
Public shared summary-level data was acquired from European-ancestry genome wide association studies. We finally obtained 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, which were associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in European at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10). Inverse-variance weighted method was employed in the Mendelian randomization analysis and multiple sensitivity analyses were implemented. Outcome data were obtained from the Open GWAS database.
RESULTS
A positive causal association was observed between polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR]=1.180, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.038-1.342; P=0.010). Further analyses clarified that causal relationship exist between polycystic ovary syndrome and some serological indicators of chronic kidney disease (fibroblast growth factor 23: OR= 1.205, 95% CI: 1.031-1.409, P=0.019; creatinine: OR= 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001-1.023, P=0.035; cystatin C: OR= 1.024, 95% CI: 1.006-1.042, P=0.009). However, there was no causal association of polycystic ovary syndrome with other factors in the data sources we employed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate an important role of polycystic ovary syndrome in the development of chronic kidney disease. This study suggests that regular follow-up of renal function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is necessary for the early treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Causality; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37008943
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120119 -
Current Opinion in Pharmacology Feb 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent endocrinopathy involving androgen excess, and anovulatory infertility. The disorder is also associated with many comorbidities... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent endocrinopathy involving androgen excess, and anovulatory infertility. The disorder is also associated with many comorbidities such as obesity and hyperinsulinemia, and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic symptoms are highly variable, with heterogenous phenotypes adding complexity to clinical management of symptoms. This review highlights recent findings regarding emerging therapies for treating polycystic ovary syndrome, including i) pharmacological agents to target androgen excess, ii) modulation of kisspeptin signalling to target central neuroendocrine dysregulation, and iii) novel insulin sensitisers to combat peripheral metabolic dysfunction.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Androgens; Insulin Resistance; Comorbidity; Obesity
PubMed: 36621270
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102345 -
Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly widespread disorder caused by a disturbed endocrine system. The Rotterdam criteria have classified 4 phenotypes of PCOS.... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly widespread disorder caused by a disturbed endocrine system. The Rotterdam criteria have classified 4 phenotypes of PCOS. This syndrome has multifactorial pathophysiology triggered by a disturbed neuroendocrine system, which further produces abnormal levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone, leading towards the risk of metabolic and reproductive diseases. PCOS is associated with an increased risk of developing health problems like hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, dyslipidaemia, endometrial hyperplasia, anxiety and depression. These days, PCOS has become a scientific issue due to complex aetiology with multi- complex physiology. Due to the unavailability of specific medicines, there is no cure for PCOS; however, certain symptoms could be treated. The scientific community is actively looking for various treatment options too. In this context, the current review summarizes the challenges, consequences and various treatment options for PCOS. Various literature reports provide evidence that PCOS can be identified in early infancy, adolescents and women at the menopausal stage. Most commonly, PCOS is caused by multifactorial agents, including genetics and negative lifestyle. Metabolic consequences from obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular disorder have increased the rate of PCOS. This study also highlights psychological morbidity in PCOS women that have an adverse effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). PCOS symptoms can be treated using different strategies, including oral contraceptive drugs, surgical treatment (laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD), assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and Chinese acupuncture treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quality of Life; Luteinizing Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone
PubMed: 37291787
DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230608124651 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Apr 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It has a strong hereditary component estimated at 60... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It has a strong hereditary component estimated at 60 to 70% in daughters. It has been suggested that environmental factors during the fetal period may be involved in the development of the syndrome in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms of its transmission remain unknown, thus limiting the development of effective therapeutic strategies.This article highlights how an altered fetal environment (prenatal exposure to high levels of anti-Müllerian hormone) can contribute to the onset of PCOS in adulthood and lead to the transgenerational transmission of neuroendocrine and metabolic traits through alterations in the DNA methylation process.The originality of the translational findings summarized here involves the identification of potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of the syndrome, in addition to the validation of a promising therapeutic avenue in a preclinical model of PCOS, which can improve the management of patients suffering from the syndrome.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Phenotype; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Reproduction
PubMed: 38639155
DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.147