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International Journal of Pharmaceutics May 2018The present work addresses the development and characterization of ε-Poly-l-Lysine/pDNA polyplexes and evaluation for their improved transfection efficacy and safety as...
The present work addresses the development and characterization of ε-Poly-l-Lysine/pDNA polyplexes and evaluation for their improved transfection efficacy and safety as compared to polyplexes prepared using Poly-l-Lysine and SuperFect®. Self-assembling polyplexes were prepared by varying the N/P ratio to obtain the optimum size, a net positive zeta potential and gel retardation. The stability in presence of DNase I and serum was assured using gel retardation assay. Their appreciable uptake in MCF-7 and 3.5, 3.79 and 4.79-fold higher transfection compared to PLL/pDNA polyplexes and 1.60, 1.53 and 1.79-fold higher transfection compared to SuperFect®/pDNA polyplexes in MCF-7, HeLa and HEK-293 cell lines respectively, affirmed the enhanced transfection of ε-PLL/pDNA polyplexes which was well supported with in vivo transfection and gene expression studies. The <8% in vitro hemolysis and >98% viability of MCF-7, HeLa and HEK-293 cells in presence of ε-PLL/pDNA polyplexes addressed their safety, which was also ensured using in vivo toxicity studies, where hemocompatibility, unaltered levels of biochemical markers and histology of vital organs confirmed ε-PLL to be an effective and safer alternative for non-viral genetic vectors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; DNA; Erythrocytes; Female; Gene Expression; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemolysis; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Plasmids; Polylysine; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transfection
PubMed: 29550568
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.021 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Apr 2022Bacterial sample preparation is crucial for its observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the current polylysine (PLL) method leads to bacterial...
Bacterial sample preparation is crucial for its observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the current polylysine (PLL) method leads to bacterial morphological changes. To overcome this problem, we employed chitosan (CS) to coat coverslips to prepare bacteria for SEM and compared it with the PLL method. Coverslips coated with 0.025% (w/v) CS showed satisfactory bacterial binding ability. Within 30 min of binding time, the number of bacteria on CS-coated and PLL-coated coverslips exhibited no differences. Four bacteria strains were employed to compare the differences in SEM images between the two methods. Most of the bacteria showed irregular surface or sticky substances after settling on PLL-coated coverslips, while bacteria with clear surface texture were observed on CS-coated coverslips. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed deformed bacterial envelope on PLL-coated coverslips; meanwhile, similar intact envelope was observed from the bacteria on CS-coated coverslips and the bacteria without any treatment. The TEM results verified the morphological differences of SEM between the two methods. Except for morphology, the length of the rod-shaped bacteria was longer on CS-coated coverslips than that on PLL-coated coverslips, less shrinkage of the sample was observed, and CS could preserve the length of the rod-shaped bacteria better than PLL in its preparation for SEM. It is demonstrated that the low-cost CS could be utilized in bacterial preparation for SEM to acquire preferable images. Bacterial suspension with optical density at 600 nm of about 0.5, deposited on 0.025% CS-coated coverslips for 30 min, and followed by routine fixation, dehydration, and drying are optimal parameters.
Topics: Bacteria; Chitosan; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Polylysine
PubMed: 34851006
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23992 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Polyethylene--polypeptide copolymers are biologically interesting, but studies of their synthesis and properties are very few. This paper reports synthesis and...
Polyethylene--polypeptide copolymers are biologically interesting, but studies of their synthesis and properties are very few. This paper reports synthesis and characterization of well-defined amphiphilic polyethylene--poly(L-lysine) (PE--PLL) block copolymers by combining nickel-catalyzed living ethylene polymerization with controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine--carboxyanhydride (Z-Lys-NCA) and sequential post-functionalization. Amphiphilic PE--PLL block copolymers self-assembled into spherical micelles with a hydrophobic PE core in aqueous solution. The pH and ionic responsivities of PE--PLL polymeric micelles were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV-circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy. The variation of pH values led to the conformational alteration of PLL from α-helix to coil, thereby changing the micelle dimensions.
Topics: Micelles; Polylysine; Polyethylene; Polymers; Peptides; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 36982576
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065495 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Nov 2018The aims of this study are to prepare quaternized xylan-FeO (QX-FeO) core/shell nanocomposites and explore their potential application in the biomedical fields. γ-FeO...
The aims of this study are to prepare quaternized xylan-FeO (QX-FeO) core/shell nanocomposites and explore their potential application in the biomedical fields. γ-FeO nanoparticles synthesized by a facile solvothermal process are coated with QX via reverse microemulsion method and further modified by polylysine (PLL) and folic acid (FA) to prepare PLL-QX-FeO and FA-QX-FeO nanoparticles. An obvious strong absorption of γ-FeO at 580 cm in the spectra of QX-FeO is observed, the Fe element content of QX-FeO is 30-75 μg/mL and the saturation magnetization of QX-FeO nanoparticles is 1.49 emu/g. The γ-FeO and QX-FeO nanoparticles are of regular sphericity with diameter of 50-100 nm and 60-150 nm, respectively. The highest zeta potential of QX-FeO nanoparticles is -41 mV, and the PLL-QX-FeO nanoparticles have a positive potential with a maximum value of 45.2 mV. In addition, FA-QX-FeO showed excellent performance in T-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging with an r value of 190 mMS. Each nanocomposite has its own inherent properties, which contributes to its versatile utilization and application potential.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Folic Acid; Magnetic Phenomena; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Polylysine; Xylans
PubMed: 30143142
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.003 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General... Oct 2022The antimicrobial activity of ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL) has been documented, but its antifungal activity on yeast is not well defined and its mechanism of action has been...
The antimicrobial activity of ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL) has been documented, but its antifungal activity on yeast is not well defined and its mechanism of action has been vaguely explained. Our studies revealed that on both, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were 250 μg·mL; EPL produced a K and Ca efflux, and at higher concentrations also an efflux of material absorbing at 260 nm, small peptides, and phosphate is produced, along with the inhibition of fermentation and extracellular acidification and respiration. Moreover, growth was inhibited, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased, and cell viability decreased. The polycation also produced plasma membrane potential hyperpolarization. The effects were dependent both on the cell quantity and polycation concentration, as well as the media used. The plasma membrane disruption was confirmed by TEM and PI staining.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polylysine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 35732210
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130197 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jul 2021Polydopamine (PDA) is emerging as an attractive photothermal agent due to its good photothermal performance and excellent biocompatibility. However, without chemical...
Polydopamine (PDA) is emerging as an attractive photothermal agent due to its good photothermal performance and excellent biocompatibility. However, without chemical modification, PDA is normally unstable and usually leached out from the constructed biomaterials, realistically limiting its application space. Here, we constructed a new hydrogel dressing with robust and stable photothermal performance by introduction of ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) into agarose/PDA matrix to efficiently lock PDA. By optimizing PDA/ε-PL rational dose in agarose network structure, a hybrid agarose/PDA/ε-PL hydrogel (ADPH) with stable photothermal functionality and desirable physicochemical properties could be achieved. ADPH possessed satisfactory microbicidal efficacy in vivo, which enabled the bacteria-infected skin wound to be cured quickly by successful suppressing inflammation, accelerating collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis in a bacterial-infected wound model. Collectively, this study illustrates a simple, convenient but powerful strategy to design functionally stable ADPH dressing for treating dermal wounds, which could open vistas in clinical wound management.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bandages, Hydrocolloid; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Escherichia coli; Hydrogels; Indoles; Photothermal Therapy; Polylysine; Polymers; Rats; Sepharose; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Staphylococcus aureus; Wound Healing; Wound Infection
PubMed: 33910748
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118046 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2024Biocomplex materials formed by oppositely charged biopolymers (proteins) tend to be sensitive to environmental conditions and may lose part functional properties of...
Formation mechanism, environmental sensitivity and functional characteristics of succinylated ovalbumin/ε-polylysine electrostatic complexes: The roles of succinylation modification and ε-polylysine combination.
Biocomplex materials formed by oppositely charged biopolymers (proteins) tend to be sensitive to environmental conditions and may lose part functional properties of original proteins, and one of the approaches to address these weaknesses is protein modification. This study established an electrostatic composite system using succinylated ovalbumin (SOVA) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and investigated the impact of varying degrees of succinylation and ε-PL addition on microstructure, environmental responsiveness and functional properties. Molecular docking illustrated that the most favorable binding conformation was that ε-PL binds to OVA groove, which was contributed by the multi‑hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Transmission electron microscopy observed that SOVA/ε-PL had a compact spherical structure with 100 nm. High-degree succinylation reduced complex sensitivity to heat, ionic strength, and pH changes. ε-PL improved the gel strength and antibacterial properties of SOVA. The study suggests possible uses of SOVA/ε-PL complex as multifunctional protein complex systems in the field of food additives.
Topics: Polylysine; Ovalbumin; Static Electricity; Molecular Docking Simulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38489883
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138951 -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2022In the work, a novel filamentou sodium alginate (SA) /ε-polylysine (PL) fiber with excellent mechanical properties and controllable sizes is prepared in an efficient...
In the work, a novel filamentou sodium alginate (SA) /ε-polylysine (PL) fiber with excellent mechanical properties and controllable sizes is prepared in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner via continuous pulling of an electrostatically assembled SA/PL composites at the contact interface of aqueous solutions of cationic polyelectrolyte ε-PL and anionic natural polysaccharide SA. The SA/PL fiber exhibits good antibacterial activity, low cytotoxicity, anti-hemolysis, bioadhesion, and environmental friendliness due to its natural raw materials and green preparation process. In vivo experiments have shown that the SA/PL fiber can promote the healing and repair of skin wounds on the backs of mice via resistance to pathogen infection, reduction of inflammation, and anti-allogeneic allergy of the wound. In summary, these results demonstrate that the SA/PL fiber is a green and biosafe multifunctional natural polymer material, with potential applications in suturing wound.
Topics: Alginates; Polylysine
PubMed: 34968544
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.133 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jun 2021In recent years, harmful microorganisms in water pose great harm to ecological environment and human health. To solve this problem, epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL) grafted...
In recent years, harmful microorganisms in water pose great harm to ecological environment and human health. To solve this problem, epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL) grafted cellulose beads were prepared via 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation and carbodiimide mediated cross-linking reaction. Hydroxyl groups on C6 of cellulose were oxidized to carboxyl groups by TEMPO and grafting reaction was achieved between newly formed carboxyl groups of cellulose and amino of EPL. The beads were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA. The crystalline form of cellulose transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II after being dissolved and regenerated. The grafted cellulose beads showed good antibacterial activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris with 10 h. The beads could be biodegraded in soil after 28 days. It is expected that the bio-based composite beads could have potential applications in water purification and food treatment fields.
Topics: Alicyclobacillus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbodiimides; Cellulose; Cellulose, Oxidized; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cyclic N-Oxides; Escherichia coli; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxidation-Reduction; Polylysine; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Thermogravimetry; Water Microbiology; Water Purification; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 33838793
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117902 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2023The infection-prone wound pathology microenvironment leads to ulceration and difficult healing of diabetic wounds, which seriously affects the quality of survival of...
The infection-prone wound pathology microenvironment leads to ulceration and difficult healing of diabetic wounds, which seriously affects the quality of survival of patients. In this study, natural polymer materials gelatin and polylysine were used as substrates. By introducing iron/tannic acid (FeTA) composite nanoparticles with excellent photothermal properties into the system, the glutamine residues of gelatin were crosslinked with the primary ammonia of polylysine by glutamine aminotransferase. A nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent antibacterial ability and NO production was constructed it was used to improve the clinical problems of diabetes wounds that were difficult to vascularize and easy to be infected. Under the premise of maintaining its structural stability, the hydrogel can be customized to meet the needs of different mechanical strengths by adjusting the ratios to match different diabetic wounds. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect of FeTA nanoparticles can synergize with the endogenous antibacterial ability of polylysine to improve the antibacterial efficacy of hydrogels. The potential of hydrogel to promote intracellular NO production was confirmed by fluorescent staining. Microneedle patches prepared from hydrogel can be applied to diabetic wounds, which can achieve NO deep release. Its anti-inflammatory and angiogenic abilities are also useful in achieving effective healing of diabetic wounds.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogels; Gelatin; Polylysine; Wound Healing; Diabetes Mellitus; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36528141
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.063