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Journal of Health Care For the Poor and... 2017Alberta's Indigenous population is growing, yet health care access may be limited. This paper presents a comprehensive review on health care access among Indigenous... (Review)
Review
Alberta's Indigenous population is growing, yet health care access may be limited. This paper presents a comprehensive review on health care access among Indigenous populations in Alberta with a focus on the health care services use and barriers to health care access. Scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) and online search engines were systematically searched for studies and grey literature published in English between 2000 and 2013 examining health care services access, use and barriers to access among Indigenous populations in Alberta. Information on health care services use and barriers to use or access was synthesized based on the MOOSE guidelines. Overall, compared to non-Indigenous populations, health care use rates for hospital/emergency room services were higher and health care services use of outpatient specialists was lower among Indigenous peoples. Inadequate numbers of Indigenous health care professionals; a lack of cross-cultural training; fear of foreign environments; and distance from family and friends were barriers to health care use and access. Inequity in social determinants of health among Indigenous peoples and inadequate "health services with prevention approaches," may contribute to present health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in the province.
Topics: Alberta; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services, Indigenous; Humans; Population Groups
PubMed: 29176095
DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2017.0114 -
Journal of Transcultural Nursing :... Sep 2015Storytelling is a basic cultural phenomenon that has recently been recognized as a valuable method for collecting research data and developing multidisciplinary... (Review)
Review
Storytelling is a basic cultural phenomenon that has recently been recognized as a valuable method for collecting research data and developing multidisciplinary interventions. The purpose of this article is to present a collection of nursing scholarship wherein the concept of storytelling, underpinned by cultural phenomena, is explored for data collection and intervention. A conceptual analysis of storytelling reveals key variables. Following a brief review of current research focused on storytelling used within health care, three case studies among three vulnerable populations (American Indian teen mothers, American Indian cancer survivors, and African American women at risk for HIV/AIDS) demonstrate the uses of storytelling for data collection and intervention. Implications for transcultural nursing regarding storytelling are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Black or African American; Communication; Female; Folklore; Humans; Nurse's Role; Population Groups; Pregnancy; Transcultural Nursing; Vulnerable Populations; Women's Health
PubMed: 24829264
DOI: 10.1177/1043659614524253 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Dec 2017
Topics: Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Knowledge; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Population Groups; Social Determinants of Health
PubMed: 29227764
DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00678 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 2022Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, and rates vary by race and ethnicity. An analysis of suicide across large US cities is absent from the...
OBJECTIVES
Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, and rates vary by race and ethnicity. An analysis of suicide across large US cities is absent from the literature. The objective of this study was to examine suicide rates among the total population, non-Hispanic Black population, and non-Hispanic White population in the United States and in the 30 largest US cities.
METHODS
We used data from the National Vital Statistics System to calculate non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and total age-adjusted suicide rates for the 30 largest US cities and for the entire nation during 2 periods: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. We also examined absolute and relative differences in suicide rates among non-Hispanic White populations and non-Hispanic Black populations in each city.
RESULTS
The overall age-adjusted suicide rate per 100 000 population in the United States increased significantly from 12.3 in 2008-2012 to 13.5 in 2013-2017. Total suicide rates were stable in most cities; rates increased significantly in only 1 city (Louisville), and rates decreased significantly in 2 cities (Boston and Memphis). The non-Hispanic White suicide rate was significantly higher-1.3 to 4.3 times higher-than the non-Hispanic Black suicide rate in 24 of 26 study cities during 2013-2017. From 2008-2012 to 2013-2017, non-Hispanic White suicide rates decreased significantly in 3 cities and increased significantly in 3 cities; non-Hispanic Black suicide rates increased significantly in 5 cities and decreased in none. Absolute differences in suicide rates among non-Hispanic White populations and non-Hispanic Black populations increased significantly in 1 city (Louisville) and decreased significantly in 2 cities (Memphis and Boston).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study may inform the use of evidence-based programs and practices to address population-level risk factors for suicide.
Topics: Black or African American; Black People; Cities; Ethnicity; Humans; Suicide; United States
PubMed: 34478341
DOI: 10.1177/00333549211041548 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020to compare the metabolic, anthropometric, tobacco and alcohol consumption indicators considered as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as well as the demographic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
to compare the metabolic, anthropometric, tobacco and alcohol consumption indicators considered as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics between indigenous from Rio Negro, Sateré-Mawé, mixed-race/black and white people living in the city of Manaus.
METHODS
a cross-sectional observational study guided by the STROBE tool. There was a sample of 191 adults of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical analyzes were performed. Statistical test was applied to cross color/race/ethnicity variable with the investigated variables.
RESULTS
indigenous had better metabolic and anthropometric indicators related to cardiovascular diseases than mixed-race/black and white, as well as Sateré-Mawé in relation to Rionegrinos (from Rio Negro).
CONCLUSIONS
the main differences were obesity, dyslipidemia, pre-systemic arterial hypertension/systemic arterial hypertension, and increased circumferences, with a worse situation for mixed-race/black people. The findings indicate differences in risk factors between race/color and ethnicity groups evaluated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Black People; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Female; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Population Groups
PubMed: 32578730
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0918 -
BMC Medical Education May 2023Kohlberg's theory of moral development asserts that people progress through different stages of moral reasoning as their cognitive abilities and social interactions...
BACKGROUND
Kohlberg's theory of moral development asserts that people progress through different stages of moral reasoning as their cognitive abilities and social interactions mature. Individuals at the lowest stage of moral reasoning (preconventional stage) judge moral issues based on self-interest, those with a medium stage (conventional stage) judge them based on compliance with rules and norms, and those at the highest stage (postconventional stage) judge moral issues based on universal principles and shared ideals. Upon attaining adulthood, it can be considered that there is stability in the stage of individuals' moral development; however, the effect of a global population crisis such as the one experienced in March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the moral reasoning of pediatric residents before and after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare them with a general population group.
METHODS
This is a naturalistic quasi-experimental study conducted with two groups, one comprised 47 pediatric residents of a tertiary hospital converted into a COVID hospital during the pandemic and another group comprised 47 beneficiaries of a family clinic who were not health workers. The defining issues test (DIT) was applied to the 94 participants during March 2020, before the pandemic initiated in Mexico, and later during March 2021. To assess intragroup changes, the McNemar-Bowker and Wilcoxon tests were used.
RESULTS
Pediatric residents showed higher baseline stages of moral reasoning: 53% in the postconventional group compared to the general population group (7%). In the preconventional group, 23% were residents and 64% belonged to the general population. In the second measurement, one year after the start of the pandemic, the group of residents had a significant decrease of 13 points in the P index, unlike the general population group in which a decrease of 3 points was observed. This decrease however, did not equalize baseline stages. Pediatric residents remained 10 points higher than the general population group. Moral reasoning stages were associated with age and educational stage.
CONCLUSIONS
After a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a decrease in the stage of moral reasoning development in pediatric residents of a hospital converted for the care of patients with COVID-19, while it remained stable in the general population group. Physicians showed higher stages of moral reasoning at baseline than the general population.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adult; Population Groups; Pandemics; COVID-19; Morals; Moral Development
PubMed: 37226125
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04265-6 -
American Journal of Human Genetics Dec 2018Learning the transmission history of alleles through a family or population plays an important role in evolutionary, demographic, and medical genetic studies. Most...
Learning the transmission history of alleles through a family or population plays an important role in evolutionary, demographic, and medical genetic studies. Most classical models of population genetics have attempted to do so under the assumption that the genealogy of a population is unavailable and that its idiosyncrasies can be described by a small number of parameters describing population size and mate choice dynamics. Large genetic samples have increased sensitivity to such modeling assumptions, and large-scale genealogical datasets become a useful tool to investigate realistic genealogies. However, analyses in such large datasets are often intractable using conventional methods. We present an efficient method to infer transmission paths of rare alleles through population-scale genealogies. Based on backward-time Monte Carlo simulations of genetic inheritance, we use an importance sampling scheme to dramatically speed up convergence. The approach can take advantage of available genotypes of subsets of individuals in the genealogy including haplotype structure as well as information about the mode of inheritance and general prevalence of a mutation or disease in the population. Using a high-quality genealogical dataset of more than three million married individuals in the Quebec founder population, we apply the method to reconstruct the transmission history of chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia (CAID), a rare recessive disease. We identify the most likely early carriers of the mutation and geographically map the expected carrier rate in the present-day French-Canadian population of Quebec.
Topics: Alleles; Biological Evolution; Databases, Genetic; Female; Genetics, Population; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Mutation; Pedigree; Population Groups; Quebec; Rare Diseases; Wills
PubMed: 30526866
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.017 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine May 2024The anterior nasal spine is a pointed, midline projection of the maxilla. This bony structure dictates the overlying soft tissues providing the phenotypic features of...
INTRODUCTION
The anterior nasal spine is a pointed, midline projection of the maxilla. This bony structure dictates the overlying soft tissues providing the phenotypic features of the nose and upper lip and determines the differences in the mid-face morphology. Little data is available on the metric features of the Anterior nasal spine (ANS). This study aimed to perform metric evaluations of the ANS of white and black South African males and females to ascertain if morphological variations exist and if the differences are viable for the use in sex and population identification.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sample included 100 CBCT images for each population and sex group. Linear and angular measurements of the ANS were recorded in both the sagittal and axial planes.
RESULTS
Classification decision trees (pruned) were fitted to ascertain the relationship between population group, sex and the ANS measurements including and excluding age. For population group, all the ANS measurements were statistically significant for females but in males, all the ANS measurements were significant when performed individually. However, when fitted to the classification tree, Sagittal 2 did not show any statistical significance. When considering sex, only 2 of the ANS measurements (Sagittal 2 and Axial 1) were found to be significant. The results did not differ significantly when comparing the decision trees including and excluding age.
CONCLUSIONS
White South African individuals presented with a longer ANS that produced a more acute angle whereas black South African individuals presented with a shorter ANS and a more obtuse angle. Additionally, males presented with a longer ANS compared to females. ANS measurements were found to be more relevant for population discernment than for sex.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; South Africa; Population Groups; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Maxilla; Nose
PubMed: 38010514
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03130-x -
Public Health Nov 2019This study was designed to address the need for more detailed information about Indigenous homeless youth, a group overrepresented in the homeless population, using a...
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to address the need for more detailed information about Indigenous homeless youth, a group overrepresented in the homeless population, using a national-level data set.
STUDY DESIGN
The study used a cross-sectional, self-report survey design.
METHODS
Surveys were used to gather demographic, mental health, and quality of life data from a sample of 1103 Canadian youth accessing homeless services with data collected in 2015. This article focused on the 332 Indigenous respondents, using both comparisons with non-Indigenous youth and within-group comparisons across key domains.
RESULTS
These findings suggested greater mental health and addiction challenges among Indigenous homeless youth compared with non-Indigenous respondents as well as evidence of a more problematic role of child protection. Within-group comparisons suggested that female and sexual and gender minority youth are particularly at risk among Indigenous youth with some added child protection and justice implications for reserve-raised youth. Child protection history and street-victimization were particularly relevant to the current distress levels.
CONCLUSION
Overall, such findings reinforce calls for Indigenous-specific interventions for these populations-including policy-driven prevention initiatives to address the legacy of colonization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Canada; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Homeless Youth; Humans; Male; Population Groups; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 30143269
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.012 -
Progress in Community Health... 2021The purpose of this study was to develop a culturally appropriate, community-based diabetes prevention program, named Little Earth Strong, through partnership with an...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a culturally appropriate, community-based diabetes prevention program, named Little Earth Strong, through partnership with an urban, Indigenous, American Indian community and determine its feasibility in lowering diabetes risks.
METHODS
Using a community-based participatory research, community-level intervention approach, and after conducting a focus groups with key stakeholders (n = 20), a culturally appropriate health intervention was designed across six stages. This included providing nutrition and physical activity individual, family, and group counseling and conducting individual level biometric tests at a monthly Progress Powwow. Community participants (n = 69) included Indigenous individuals ages 18 to 64 years and their families residing in an urban American Indian housing organization.
RESULTS
Findings included the project's feasibility, sustainability, and future needs. Lessons learned included the need the need to situate health interventions within Indigenous culture, engage multiple stakeholders, remain flexible and inclusive of all community members, address cultural concerns regarding biometric testing, and focus on specific ages and groups. The outcome variables included qualitative focus group data regarding feasibility and design and quantitative biometric data including hemoglobin A1C levels and weight in which a significant decrease in A1C values were found among womenConclusions: Little Earth Strong was both feasible and successful in decreasing A1C levels using a community-level approach, especially in high participators who attended most events. These results demonstrate the promise of diabetes prevention fitness and nutrition interventions that are collaboratively designed with the community.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Community-Based Participatory Research; Diabetes Mellitus; Exercise; Focus Groups; Humans; Indians, North American; Middle Aged; Population Groups; Young Adult; American Indian or Alaska Native
PubMed: 33775957
DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2021.0001