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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2017Photodynamic therapy (PDT) investigations have seen stable increases and the development of new photosensitizers is a heated topic. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a new...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) investigations have seen stable increases and the development of new photosensitizers is a heated topic. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a new photosensitizer isolated from Photofrin. This article evaluated its anticancer effects by clonogenic assays, MTT assays and xenograft experiments in comparison to Photofrin. The clonogenicity inhibition rates of sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards four human cancer cell lines ranged from 85.5% to 94.2% at 0.5 μg/mL under 630 nm irradiation of 30 mW/cm² for 180 s. For MTT assays, the IC ranges of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human cancer cells were 0.3 μg/mL to 5.5 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL to 0.8 μg/mL under the same irradiation conditions, respectively. The IC values of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human skin cells, HaCaT, were 10 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Esophagus carcinoma and hepatoma xenograft models were established to evaluate the in vivo antineoplastic efficacy. A control group, Photofrin-PDT group (20 mg/kg) and sinoporphyrin sodium group at three doses, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, were set. Mice were injected with photosensitizers 24 h before 60 J 630 nm laser irradiation. The tumor weight inhibition ratio of 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT reached approximately 90%. Besides, the tumor growths were significantly slowed down by 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT, which was equivalent to 20 mg/kg Photofrin-PDT. In sum, sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT showed great anticancer efficacy and with a smaller dose compared with Photofrin. Further investigations are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Line, Tumor; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Keratinocytes; Lasers, Excimer; Light; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Tumor Burden; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 28085075
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010112 -
Journal of Investigative and Clinical... Feb 2018The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral potentially-malignant disorders (PMDS) and... (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral potentially-malignant disorders (PMDS) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
METHODS
From 1985 to 2015, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched using different combinations of the following key words: PDT, oral precancer, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, verrucous hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, and HNSCC. Review articles, experimental studies, case reports, commentaries, letters to the editor, unpublished articles, and articles published in languages other than English were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included in the present study. The number of patients ranged from 2 to 147, with a mean age of 50-67 years. The reported numbers of PMDS and HNSCC ranged between 5 and 225. Photosensitizers used were aminolevulinic acid, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, Foscan, hematoporphyrin derivatives, Photofrin, Photosan, and chlorine-e6. Laser wavelength, power density, irradiation duration were 585-652 nm, 50-500 mW/cm , and 1-143 minutes, respectively. Complete, partial, and no response to PDT was found in 22.58%-100%, 4%-66%, and 0%-38.70% of PMDS, respectively, and 16%-100% of complete response in HNSCC patients.
CONCLUSION
PDT is effective in the management of PMDS and HNSCC.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chlorophyllides; Databases, Factual; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Erythroplasia; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hematoporphyrins; Humans; Hyperplasia; Indoles; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Leukoplakia; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mesoporphyrins; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Organometallic Compounds; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28480637
DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12270 -
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional... Apr 2023Newer navigational bronchoscopy technologies render peripheral lung lesions accessible for biopsy and potential treatment. We investigated whether photodynamic therapy...
BACKGROUND
Newer navigational bronchoscopy technologies render peripheral lung lesions accessible for biopsy and potential treatment. We investigated whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) delivered via navigational bronchoscopy is feasible and safe for ablation of peripheral lung tumors.
METHODS
Two studies evaluated PDT in patients with solid peripheral lung tumors followed by clinical follow-up (nonresection study, N=5) or lobectomy (resection study, N=10). Porfimer sodium injection was administered 40 to 50 hours before navigational bronchoscopy. Lesion location was confirmed by radial probe endobronchial ultrasonography. An optical fiber diffuser was placed within or adjacent to the tumor under fluoroscopic guidance; laser light (630 nm wavelength) was applied at 200 J/cm of diffuser length for 500 seconds. Tumor response was assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors at 3 and 6 months postprocedure (nonresection study) and pathologically (resection study).
RESULTS
There were no deaths, discontinuations for adverse events, or serious or grade ≥3 adverse events related to study treatments. Photosensitivity reactions occurred in 8 of 15 patients: 6 mild, 1 moderate, 1 severe (elevated porphyrins noted in blood after treatment). Among 5 patients with clinical follow-up, 1 had complete response, 3 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease at 6 months follow-up. Among 10 patients who underwent lobectomy, 1 had no evidence of tumor at resection (complete response), 3 had 40% to 50% tumor cell necrosis, 2 had 20% to 35%, and 4 had 5% to 10%.
CONCLUSION
PDT for nonthermal ablation of peripheral lung tumors was feasible and safe in this small study. Further study is warranted to evaluate efficacy and corroborate the safety profile.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Feasibility Studies; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Lung Neoplasms; Light; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35968968
DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000889 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jan 2018Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is classified as a primary neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia, and is estimated to account for approximately 10% of all cases of primary...
Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is classified as a primary neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia, and is estimated to account for approximately 10% of all cases of primary cicatricial alopecia. The role of dysfunctional immune activity and the presence of bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, appear pivotal. We describe a 26-year-old man with a 4-year history of FD that was recalcitrant to numerous systemic and topical therapies, whose disease was virtually cleared during a follow-up of 25 months following a course of treatment with systemic photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ultraviolet light (100-140 J/cm ) with porfimer sodium 1 mg/kg as monotherapy. This is the first report of the use of systemic PDT as a treatment for FD. Systemic PDT has potent antibacterial effects with little or no resistance. In addition, systemic PDT provides local immunomodulation and improved scar healing. Significant adverse effects following systemic PDT with appropriate aftercare are rare. This case demonstrates that systemic PDT is a useful therapy option in the treatment of recalcitrant FD.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Folliculitis; Humans; Male; Photochemotherapy; Scalp; Skin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 28940572
DOI: 10.1111/ced.13238 -
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Jul 2018In the setting of lung cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is typically used to treat centrally located endobronchial tumors. The development of navigational bronchoscopy...
OBJECTIVE
In the setting of lung cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is typically used to treat centrally located endobronchial tumors. The development of navigational bronchoscopy has opened the potential for using PDT to treat peripheral lung tumors. However, there is limited information about the feasibility of this approach for treating peripheral lung cancers, and about its effects on surrounding healthy lung tissue. We studied the use of PDT delivered by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy to treat peripheral lung cancer in dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three dogs with peripheral lung adenocarcinomas were given intravenous porfimer sodium (Photofrin® [Pinnacle Biologics, Inc., Chicago, IL]) to photosensitize the tumors, then navigational bronchoscopy was used to deliver photoradiation. One week after PDT, the tumors and involved lung lobe were surgically excised and evaluated histologically.
RESULTS
PDT was successful in all three dogs and was associated with tolerable and manageable adverse effects. Tissue sections from within PDT-treated tumors showed regions of coagulative central necrosis admixed with small numbers of inflammatory cells, and arterial thrombosis. Viable adenocarcinoma was seen in the surrounding areas.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that PDT can be successfully deployed to treat peripheral lung cancers using navigational bronchoscopy. Furthermore, damage to surrounding noncancerous tissues can be minimized with accurate placement of the optical fiber. Studies of this modality to treat peripheral lung cancers in humans may be warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:483-490, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Bronchoscopy; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Lung Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Pneumonectomy
PubMed: 29399826
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22781 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nov 2014
Topics: Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Female; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Male; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 25436395
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.04.051 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2021Blood vessels in the brain tissue form a compact vessel structure and play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the neurovascular system. The low dosage...
Blood vessels in the brain tissue form a compact vessel structure and play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the neurovascular system. The low dosage of photodynamic intervention (PDT) significantly affects the expression of cellular biomarkers. To understand the impact of photodynamic interventions on cerebrovascular endothelial cells, we evaluated the dosage-dependent impact of porfimer sodium-mediated PDT on B.END3 cells using flow cytometer, comet assay, RNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. To examine whether PDT can induce disorder of intracellular organelles, we did not observe any significance damage of DNA and cellular skeleton. Moreover, expression levels of cellular transporters-related genes were significantly altered, implying the drawbacks of PDT on cerebrovascular functions. To address the potential molecular mechanisms of these phenotypes, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed to identify critical genes and pathways among these processes. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) identified 15 hub genes, highly associated with cellular mitosis process (, , , , , , , , , ) and DNA replication (, , , ). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) reveals that and pathways may play a critical role in regulating expression levels of transporter-related genes. To further perform qRT-PCR assays, we find that and pathways were substantially up-regulated, consistent with GSEA analysis. The current findings suggested that a low dosage of PDT intervention may be detrimental to the homeostasis of blood-brain barrier (BBB) by inducing the inflammatory response and affecting the expression of surface biomarkers.
PubMed: 34881175
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731414 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2022Photodynamic therapy involves using a photosensitizer with l illumination and is recommended for treating early, centrally located lung cancers, but it is not a standard...
BACKGROUND
Photodynamic therapy involves using a photosensitizer with l illumination and is recommended for treating early, centrally located lung cancers, but it is not a standard treatment for peripheral lung tumor.. We previously proposed a novel light delivery method, in which lipiodol is perfused into the bronchial tree to increase the scope of illumination via the fiber effect. Herein, we attempted this novel technique under electromagnetic bronchoscope guidance in a hybrid operation room where lipiodol facilitated light diffusion, and evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of this technique for peripheral lung cancers.
METHODS
This phase 0 pilot study included three patients with peripheral lung cancers (primary tumors ≤20-mm diameter). The photodynamic therapy was administered using Porfimer sodium as the photosensitizer, and an electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope in a hybrid operating room to guide the catheter to the tumor. This facilitated lipiodol infusion to encase the tumor and permit the transbronchial photodynamic therapy ablation.
RESULTS
Administering 630 nm 200 J/cm (400mW/500sec) energy through a 3-cm cylindrical diffusing laser fiber was safe; no significant acute complications were observed. Although the treatment outcome was unsatisfactory due to the low light dose, tumor pathology in one case revealed tumor necrosis, with no significant damage to the surrounding lung tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Novel light delivery transbronchial photodynamic therapy ablation for peripheral lung tumors is feasible and safe. Additional clinical trials may help determine the best illumination plan and light dose through multiple deliveries from multiple angles.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Pilot Projects; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Photosensitizing Agents; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 35963527
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103063 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 2016
Review
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Barrett Esophagus; Cladribine; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Ibuprofen; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Mitotane; Orphan Drug Production; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Quinazolines; Thrombocythemia, Essential; Zinc Acetate
PubMed: 27335134
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i2978 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nov 2015There are few data comparing endoscopic treatment outcomes for Barrett's esophagus (BE). (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
There are few data comparing endoscopic treatment outcomes for Barrett's esophagus (BE).
OBJECTIVE
To compare treatment outcomes in BE patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), RFA after EMR, and porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy (Ps-PDT).
DESIGN
Retrospective, observational study.
SETTING
Single tertiary center between 2001 and 2013.
PATIENTS
A total of 342 BE patients treated with RFA (n = 119), EMR+RFA (n = 98), and Ps-PDT (n = 125).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Rates of complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM), BE recurrence, and adverse events.
RESULTS
Baseline BE high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and adenocarcinoma were more common in the Ps-PDT group (89%) compared with the EMR-RFA (70%) and RFA (37%) groups. At a median follow-up of 14.2 months, 173 patients (50.6%) achieved CRIM. CRIM was significantly more common in Ps-PDT patients compared with RFA (P < .001) and EMR-RFA (P < .001) patients on multivariable analysis. In patients who achieved CRIM, the rates of subsequent BE recurrence were relatively similar among the 3 groups. Although the rates of bleeding were similar, strictures were less common in RFA patients (2.4%) compared with EMR-RFA (13.3%, P = .001) and Ps-PDT (10.4%, P =.043) patients.
CONCLUSION
This study of endoscopic treatment for Barrett's dysplasia and neoplasia found that complete remission was achieved more often and more rapidly after Ps-PDT with similar disease recurrence rates compared with EMR or RFA. Adverse events were more common after EMR and Ps-PDT. Further studies are required to determine which ablation and resection techniques are ideally suited for each BE patient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Barrett Esophagus; Catheter Ablation; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26071064
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.03.1979