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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 2021Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiotic subgingival microbiota. For the development of microbiome modulators that can...
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiotic subgingival microbiota. For the development of microbiome modulators that can reverse the dysbiotic state and reestablish a health-associated microbiota, a high-throughput multispecies biofilm model is needed. Our aim is to establish a model that resembles a dysbiotic subgingival microbial biofilm by incorporating the major periodontal pathogen into microcosm biofilms cultured from pooled saliva of healthy volunteers. The biofilms were grown for 3, 7, and 10 days and analyzed for their microbial composition by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as well as measurement of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) activity and butyric acid production. The addition of increased its abundance in saliva-derived microcosm biofilms from 2.7% on day 3 to >50% on day 10, which significantly reduced the Shannon diversity but did not affect the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The -enriched biofilms displayed altered microbial composition as revealed by principal-component analysis and reduced interactions among microbial species. Moreover, these biofilms exhibited enhanced DPP4 activity and butyric acid production. In conclusion, by adding to saliva-derived microcosm biofilms, we established an pathogen-enriched dysbiotic microbiota which resembles periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota in terms of increased abundance and higher DPP4 activity and butyric acid production. This model may allow for investigating factors that accelerate or hinder a microbial shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis and for developing microbiome modulation strategies. In line with the new paradigm of the etiology of periodontitis, an inflammatory disorder initiated by dysbiotic subgingival microbiota, novel therapeutic strategies have been proposed targeting reversing dysbiosis and restoring host-compatible microbiota rather than eliminating the biofilms unselectively. Thus, appropriate laboratory models are required to evaluate the efficacy of potential microbiome modulators. In the present study, we used the easily obtainable saliva as an inoculum, spiked the microcosm biofilms with the periodontal pathogen , and obtained a -enriched microbiota, which resembles the pathogen-enriched subgingival microbiota in severe periodontitis. This biofilm model circumvents the difficulties encountered when using subgingival plaque as the inoculum and achieves microbiota in a dysbiotic state in a controlled and reproducible manner, which is required for high-throughput and large-scale evaluation of strategies that can potentially modulate microbial ecology.
Topics: Biofilms; Butyric Acid; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dysbiosis; Gingiva; Humans; Microbiota; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 33158898
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02371-20 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Mar 2019(Pg) is a kind of gram-negative obligate anaerobes. It can invade and internalize within host cells. The invasion ability of Pg is very important for the occurrence and... (Review)
Review
(Pg) is a kind of gram-negative obligate anaerobes. It can invade and internalize within host cells. The invasion ability of Pg is very important for the occurrence and development of diseases and has been a hot topic for a long time. Remaining pathogenic characteristics in cell is one of its pathogenesis. In the process of invading host, the specific bacterial adhesin combine with the ligand of host cells, which activate various signal transduction pathways and trigger bacterial internalization. Virulence factors in Pg, such as fimbriae, gingival protease, hemagglutinins and outer membrane vesicles play significant roles in the process. This review summarized the research progress of the virulence factors which relate to Pg's invasion, which provided a serious of new ideas on exploring Pg's pathogenesis and the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gingiva; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30856700
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2019.03.011 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2020The aim of this study was to verify the sterilizing effectiveness of the laser in the treatment of the periodontal pockets in vivo, with the recording of clinicians'... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to verify the sterilizing effectiveness of the laser in the treatment of the periodontal pockets in vivo, with the recording of clinicians' parameters and microbiological analysis, and in vitro with particular attention to the presence of specific bacterial stocks. During our study, in particular, it has been used the diodes laser. In order to estimate the effectiveness of the treatment of the periodontal pockets with laser, it has been examined the microbial content of the pockets carrying out withdrawals of the sulcular material before, immediately after and twenty minutes from the radiation. The microbiological results of the studies assert that, although substantial qualitative discrepancies between the several colonies of pathogen do not exist, quantitative differences are taken place with respect to the lessening of number and dimension of the present colonie.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Periodontal Pocket; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 32618171
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024() is a key pathogen of periodontitis. Increasing evidence shows that signals to mitochondria in periodontal cells, including gingival epithelial cells, gingival... (Review)
Review
() is a key pathogen of periodontitis. Increasing evidence shows that signals to mitochondria in periodontal cells, including gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblast cells, immune cells, etc. Mitochondrial dysfunction affects the cellular state and participates in periodontal inflammatory response through the aberrant release of mitochondrial contents. In the current review, it was summarized that induced mitochondrial dysfunction by altering the mitochondrial metabolic state, unbalancing mitochondrial quality control, prompting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This review outlines the impacts of and its virulence factors on the mitochondrial function of periodontal cells and their role in periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Mitochondria; Periodontitis; Apoptosis; Mitochondrial Diseases
PubMed: 38255811
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020737 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024and belong to the Bacteroidota phylum. Both species inhabit the oral cavity and can be associated with periodontal diseases. To survive, they must uptake heme from the...
INTRODUCTION
and belong to the Bacteroidota phylum. Both species inhabit the oral cavity and can be associated with periodontal diseases. To survive, they must uptake heme from the host as an iron and protoporphyrin IX source. Among the best-characterized heme acquisition systems identified in members of the Bacteroidota phylum is the Hmu system, with a leading role played by the hemophore-like HmuY (HmuY) protein.
METHODS
Theoretical analysis of selected HmuY proteins and spectrophotometric methods were employed to determine the heme-binding mode of the HmuY homolog (HmuY) and its ability to sequester heme. Growth phenotype and gene expression analysis of were employed to reveal the importance of the HmuY and Hmu system for this bacterium.
RESULTS
Unlike in , where HmuY uses two histidines for heme-iron coordination, other known HmuY homologs use two methionines in this process. HmuY is the first characterized representative of the HmuY family that binds heme using a histidine-methionine pair. It allows HmuY to sequester heme directly from serum albumin and HmuY, the HmuY homolog which uses two methionines for heme-iron coordination. In contrast to HmuY, which sequesters heme directly from methemoglobin, HmuY may bind heme only after the proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin.
CONCLUSIONS
We hypothesize that differences in components of the Hmu system and structure-based properties of HmuY proteins may evolved allowing different adaptations of species to the changing host environment. This may add to the superior virulence potential of over other members of the Bacteroidota phylum.
Topics: Heme; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tannerella forsythia; Bacterial Proteins; Porphyromonas endodontalis; Humans; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Protein Binding; Iron
PubMed: 38938884
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1421018 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in periodontal pathogens and periodontal status within 6 months of wearing three orthodontic...
The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in periodontal pathogens and periodontal status within 6 months of wearing three orthodontic retainers, namely, vacuum-formed retainer (VFR), Hawley retainer (HR), and lingual fixed retainer (LR). In total, 48 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with ordinary metal brackets were divided into VFR, HR, and LR groups (n = 16 per group). Saliva samples were collected at the time of debonding (T0) and after 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were quantitatively analyzed using real-time PCR. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the four time points to evaluate changes in periodontal state. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze the data, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300073704), the registration was retrospective. Compared to baseline (T0) values, Pg, Aa, GI, PLI, and PD were significantly decreased in all three groups 1 month after wearing the retainer (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in Aa at T3 among the three groups, whereby the HR group exhibited significantly better results compared to the VFR and LR groups (p < 0.05). Differences were found among the three groups' Porphyromonas gingivalis at T3, and the HR group was significantly better than the VFR and LR groups (P < 0.05). From T1 to T2, GI, PLI, and PD of the three groups tended to be stable, however differences were observed at T3, with the PLI and PD of the HR group being the lowest among the three groups (p < 0.05). Regardless of the type of retainer used, the periodontal condition of patients was significantly improved after removal of the metal brackets. After 6 months of retainer use, the Hawley retainer was superior to vacuum-formed retainer and lingual fixed retainer with regard to Pg, Aa, and periodontal clinical parameters.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Retainers; Retrospective Studies; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Gingival Diseases
PubMed: 38001102
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46922-2 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Feb 2017Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, which also may be implicated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Secreted...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, which also may be implicated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Secreted cysteine proteases, gingipains Rgp and Kgp, are essential for P. gingivalis virulence. Some polyphenols and flavonoids are known to inhibit gingipain activity and interfere with biofilm formation by P. gingivalis. Many bioactive compounds have been isolated from Epimedium species, but availability of these compounds on gingipains and P. gingivalis is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate natural products from medical plants to develop a new therapeutic agent against periodontal disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Prenylated flavonoids were isolated from Epimedium species plant using column chromatographies. The inhibitory effect of the prenylated flavonoids against protease activity of gingipains were examined using purified gingipains and fluorogenic substrates. Anti-P. gingivalis activity was evaluated to analyze planktonic growth and biofilm formation in brain heart infusion medium in the presence of the prenylated flavonoids.
RESULTS
We isolated 17 prenylated flavonoids (Limonianin, Epimedokoreanin B, etc.) from Epimedium species. We found that some prenylated flavonoids inhibited gingipain activity in a non-competitive manner with K values at μm order. The prenylated flavonoids also hindered growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis, in a manner independent of gingipain inhibition by the compounds.
CONCLUSION
The results indicated an inhibitory effect of the prenylated flavonoids against P. gingivalis and would provide useful information for future development of periodontitis treatment that suppresses gingipains, P. gingivalis growth and biofilm formation.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Biofilms; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Epimedium; Flavonoids; Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prenylation
PubMed: 26957413
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12372 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Mar 2024There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp.,... (Review)
Review
There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp spp and spp. linked to multiple cancer types. In this review we explore these pathogenic associations. The mechanisms by which bacteria are known or predicted to interact with human cells are reviewed and we present an overview of the interlinked mechanisms and hypotheses of how multiple intracellular anaerobic bacterial pathogens may act together to cause host cell and tissue microenvironment changes associated with carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion. These include combined effects on changes in cell signalling, DNA damage, cellular metabolism and immune evasion. Strategies for early detection and eradication of anaerobic cancer-associated bacterial pathogens that may prevent cancer progression are proposed.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Carcinogenesis; Immune Evasion; Porphyromonas; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38535967
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001817 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2020Subgingival microorganisms can orchestrate the microbial community under the influence of environmental factors, thus causing the initiation and progression of... (Review)
Review
Subgingival microorganisms can orchestrate the microbial community under the influence of environmental factors, thus causing the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Keystone taxa play an important role in the dynamic changes of microbial community. The co-occurrence network analysis may pave the way for screening periodontitis associated candidate keystone taxa in the periodontal microflora. These microorganisms, e.g. might function via myriad of intermediary taxa or as the chokepoint community-remodeling drivers in response of environmental factors. Herein, we review and discuss the construction of microbial co-occurrence network, the way of screening and identifying keystone taxa using network analysis as well as the characteristic of candidate keystone taxa related to periodontitis for the purpose that keystone taxa and the role they played in dynamic succession of microflora could be well investigated.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Humans; Microbiota; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33280370
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200116-00018 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2021The aim of this study was to establish the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease. An electronic search of publications was established from three... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to establish the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease. An electronic search of publications was established from three electronic databases: Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science. The search strategy used a combination of controlled vocabulary and free-text words. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined by the authors before the start of the study. The inclusion criteria were: all studies published in English language; in vitro analysis; in vivo on animals and postmortem biopsies on humans; studies analyzing the correlation between periodontal disease and Alzheimer. The search resulted in 262 titles. Only 9 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. An inflammatory status in the oral cavity might be connect to a brain degeneration syndrome such as dementia and AD. However, a strictly connection is still not evincible. More trials are recommended in order to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis in AD pathogenesis and aggravation.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 34289663
DOI: 10.23812/21-3supp1-6