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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Mar 2023Recent studies have shown that Cr uses other element transporters such as phosphate transporters to enter cells. The aim of this work is to explore the interaction...
Recent studies have shown that Cr uses other element transporters such as phosphate transporters to enter cells. The aim of this work is to explore the interaction between dichromate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the plant of Vicia faba L. To study this interaction, we used three concentrations of Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (KHPO) 10 mM (Pi10), 50 mM (Pi50) and 100 mM (Pi100) added alone or in combination with potassium dichromate (KCrO) Cr + Pi10, Cr + Pi50 and Cr + Pi100. In order to investigate the impact of this interaction on morpho-physiological parameters, the biomass, chlorophyll content, proline level, HO level, Catalase and Ascorbate peroxidase activity and Cr-bioaccumulation has been determined. For the molecular scale, the theoretical chemistry was used via molecular docking to explore the various interactions between dichromate CrO/HPO/HOP and the phosphate-transporter. We have selected the eukaryotic phosphate transporter (PDB: 7SP5) as the module. The results showed that KCrO negatively affects morpho-physiological parameters and generates oxidative damage (+84% HO than the control), which involved the production of antioxidant enzymes (+147% Catalase and +176% Ascorbate-peroxidase) and Proline (+108%). The addition of Pi improved the growth of Vicia faba L. and induces the partial restoration of the parameters affected by Cr (VI) to the normal levels. Also, it decreased oxidative damage and reduce Cr (VI) bioaccumulation in shoots and roots. Molecular docking has shown that the dichromate structure is more compatible and establishes more bonds with the Pi-transporter which generates a very stable complex compared to HPO/HOP. Overall, these results confirmed that there is a strong relationship between dichromate uptake and the Pi-transporter.
Topics: Catalase; Vicia faba; Molecular Docking Simulation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Proline
PubMed: 36809730
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.029 -
Biological Trace Element Research Jul 2018The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa hydroalcoholic extract (PCK), a glycoside-rich extract, against potassium dichromate...
The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa hydroalcoholic extract (PCK), a glycoside-rich extract, against potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced liver oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: the control group (which received distilled water), the SIL group (which received 60 mg/kg silymarin), the PDC group (which received 30 mg/kg KCrO), and the treatment groups (which received 25, 50, 100 mg/kg PCK). Administration of PDC resulted in increased levels of liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); up-regulated peroxidation biomarkers, i.e., thiobarbutric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in serum; and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly in the liver tissue. Gene expression studies of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), growth arrest, and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD45) revealed that there was a liver damage at the molecular level, and histopathological studies further confirmed the morphological changes by PDC administration. However, PCKs at 50 and 100 mg/kg promoted significant restoration of liver enzyme levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were kept close to the values of the control and SIL groups. Our current study confirms that the active compounds present in the PCK might have conferred a strong protection against potassium dichromate-induced oxidative stress.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Catalase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Oxidative Stress; Picrorhiza; Plant Extracts; Potassium Dichromate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 28990134
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1172-2 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Nov 2021Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test for allergic contact dermatitis and needs to be relevant to the region and the population being tested. The aim of...
BACKGROUND
Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test for allergic contact dermatitis and needs to be relevant to the region and the population being tested. The aim of this study was to develop a specific New Zealand baseline series (NZBS).
METHOD
We performed a retrospective case note review of patients attending four regional patch test centres between 2008 and 2020. Demographic and diagnostic information was collected for each patient along with results of patch testing. Using the results of this review, a group of 11 dermatologists with an interest in contact dermatitis agreed on a core group of allergens for inclusion in an NZBS, based on the frequency of positive reactions and allergens of interest. The remaining potential allergens were ranked by each dermatologist using an online questionnaire, with inclusion in the final NZBS by consensus.
RESULTS
Results from 2402 patients (67% female, mean age 44 years) from Auckland, Wellington, Palmerston North and Christchurch were collated. The 10 most frequent positive (relevant and non-relevant) allergens were nickel sulfate (22.0%), fragrance mix I (8.6%), cobalt chloride (7.3%), Myroxylon pereirae (5.6%), colophonium (5.1%), p-phenylenediamine (4.9%), methylisothiazolinone/methylchloroisothiazolinone (4.1%), fragrance mix II (3.9%), potassium dichromate (3.5%) and methylisothiazolinone (3.4%). Based on these results, a core series of 30 allergens was developed, with an additional 30 allergens added to form the extended series (total 60 allergens).
CONCLUSION
The baseline series of patch test allergens for routine use in New Zealand (NZBS) is based on national patch test data and expert consensus.
Topics: Adult; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Patch Tests; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34293187
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13673 -
Biological Trace Element Research Apr 2023Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes human and animal hepatotoxicity. However, it is unclear how Cr(VI) induces hepatotoxicity, nor is it clear which pathways...
Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes human and animal hepatotoxicity. However, it is unclear how Cr(VI) induces hepatotoxicity, nor is it clear which pathways and genes may be involved. This study aimed to identify the key molecular pathways and genes engaged in Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. Publicly available microarray GSE19662 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GSE19662 consists of primary rat hepatocyte (PRH) groups treated with or without 0.10 ppm potassium dichromate (PD), with three samples per group. Compared to the control group, a total of 400 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Specially 262 and 138 genes were up- and downregulated in PD-treated PRHs, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that those DEGs were primarily engaged in many biological processes, including androgen biosynthetic process, the positive regulation of cell death, the response to activity, the toxic substance and hepatocyte growth factor stimulus, and others. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested that the DEGs are fundamentally enriched in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis B, p53, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, metabolic pathways, estrogen, cGMP-PKG, metabolic pathways, etc. Moreover, many genes, including UBE2C, TOP2A, PRC1, CENPF, and MKI67, might contribute to Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, this study enhances our understanding of the regulation, prevention, and treatment strategies of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Rats; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Computational Biology; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35648283
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03291-7 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Sep 2021Chromium hexavalent (CrVI) is known as a toxic contaminant that induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. Rosmarinus officinalis is a perennial...
BACKGROUND
Chromium hexavalent (CrVI) is known as a toxic contaminant that induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. Rosmarinus officinalis is a perennial herb rich in biologically active constituents that have powerful antioxidant properties. So, the current work evaluated the effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (REO) against alterations induced by potassium dichromate in the kidney of male rats.
METHODS
GC-MS analysis, in vitro total phenol contents, and DPPH scavenging activity of REO were estimated. Thirty-five Wistar male rats were categorized into 5 groups. The first group was the control, the second one was orally administered rosemary essential oil (REO; 0.5 mL/kg BW), the third group was injected intraperitoneally with hexavalent chromium (CrVI; 2 mg/kg BW) for 14 days, the fourth group used as the protective group (REO was administrated 30 min before i.p. injection of CrVI) and the fifth group applied as the therapeutic group (rats injected with CrVI 30 min followed by oral administration of REO), respectively.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine components were detected with high total phenolic contents and high DPPH scavenging activity. Results revealed that CrVI- intoxicated rats showed a valuable increase in oxidative stress profile (TBARS and HO) and a notable decline in glutathione (GSH), total protein content, and enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST). Furthermore, serum kidney functions biomarkers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) were increased significantly. Also, the administration of CrVI showed histological and immunohistochemical (PCNA-ir) changes in rat kidney tissue. Otherwise, administration of REO pre or post-treatment with CrVI significantly restored most of the biochemical parameters in addition to improvement in kidney tissue architecture. Moreover, individual intake with REO exhibited an amendment in oxidative stress markers.
CONCLUSION
Conclusively, REO had a potential antioxidant capacity in ameliorating KCrO-induced nephrotoxicity, especially in the protection group.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Oils, Volatile; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Potassium Dichromate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rosmarinus
PubMed: 34022565
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126791 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... May 2024Occupational and environmental exposure to chromium compounds such as potassium dichromate (PDC) (KCrO) has emerged as a potential aetiologic cause for renal disease...
Reno-protective effect of nicorandil and pentoxifylline against potassium dichromate-induced acute renal injury via modulation p38MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
BACKGROUND
Occupational and environmental exposure to chromium compounds such as potassium dichromate (PDC) (KCrO) has emerged as a potential aetiologic cause for renal disease through apoptotic, and inflammatory reactions. The known potent antioxidants such as nicorandil (NIC) and/or pentoxifylline (PTX) were studied for their possible nephroprotective effect in PDC-treated rats.
METHODS
Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; control, PDC group, NIC+PDC, PTX+PDC group, and combination+PDC group. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. Invasive blood pressure, renal function parameters urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin, glomerular filtration rate markers Cys-C, Kim-1 and NGAL, inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, COX-II, p38MAPK, NF-κB and TLR4, oxidative stress SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, HO-1 and Nrf2 and apoptotic mediators Notch1 and PCNA were evaluated. Besides, renal cortical histopathology was assayed as well.
RESULTS
PDC led to a considerable increase in indicators for kidney injury, renal function parameters, invasive blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. They were markedly reduced by coadministration of PDC with either/or NIC and PTX. The NIC and PTX combination regimen showed a more significant improvement than either medication used alone. Our results demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of NIC, PTX, and their combined regimen on PDC-induced kidney injury through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response.
CONCLUSION
Renal recovery from PDC injury was achieved through enhanced MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressed Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study highlights the role of NIC and PTX as effective interventions to ameliorate nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing PDC toxicity.
PubMed: 38788404
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127474 -
Contact Dermatitis Jan 2022Recent trends in the sensitization of construction workers show a decrease in potassium dichromate and an increase in epoxy resin sensitization.
BACKGROUND
Recent trends in the sensitization of construction workers show a decrease in potassium dichromate and an increase in epoxy resin sensitization.
OBJECTIVES
To present the trends of occupational contact allergy of construction workers in Greece from 2009 to 2018.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the files of patients with eczema patch tested in our Contact Dermatitis Clinic who were construction workers.
RESULTS
A total of 191 construction workers initially reported contact dermatitis. Of these, 138 had occupation-relevant allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). All patients were men. After being patch tested, 98 (71.0%) were diagnosed with ACD and 40 with ICD. Median duration of occupation till onset of ACD was 2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.8-7). The hands were the most common location for ACD (73.5%), followed by the trunk (39.8%), the legs (38.8%), and the face (11.2%). Of the patients, 74.6% had lesions affecting multiple body sites. Potassium dichromate (67%) was the most frequent allergen, followed by thiuram mix (37.4%) and cobalt chloride (31.8%). Sensitization to epoxy resins was lower (12.1%).
CONCLUSION
The sensitization pattern of Greek construction workers does not follow the trends in Central or Northern Europe, rather sharing attributes with less industrialized countries.
Topics: Adult; Construction Industry; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Irritant; Dermatitis, Occupational; Greece; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Patch Tests; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34510477
DOI: 10.1111/cod.13970 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &... Apr 2015Melanin may interfere with immunohistochemical staining. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) bleaching, potassium...
Melanin may interfere with immunohistochemical staining. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) bleaching, potassium permanganate bleaching, and potassium dichromate bleaching on melanin, tissue antigen, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) using melanin-containing and melanin-free tissue samples. Our results demonstrated that all 3 bleaching methods efficiently bleached melanin and partially destroyed tissue antigen. In addition, potassium permanganate bleaching and potassium dichromate bleaching clearly destroyed DAB, whereas TCCA bleaching had no significant effect on DAB. Therefore, neither potassium permanganate nor potassium dichromate is an ideal solution, whereas TCCA might be an ideal solution for melanin bleaching after the immunohistochemical staining of melanin-containing tissues. After immunostaining followed by TCCA bleaching, the melanin could be completely removed in all 120 malignant melanoma tissue sections. Compared with the control, the DAB intensity was clear, and the tissue structure and cellular nuclei were well maintained. It is worth noting that TCCA should be freshly prepared before each experiment, and used within 2 hours of its preparation. In addition, sections should not be incubated with TCCA for over 30 minutes.
Topics: 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; Bleaching Agents; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Melanins; Melanoma; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 24710084
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000075 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC Dec 2020Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing, non-contagious inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by skin barrier impairment and baseline immune...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing, non-contagious inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by skin barrier impairment and baseline immune irregularities. The literature on the relationship between AD and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity is inconclusive. There is an ongoing debate whether contact sensibility (CS) is found more or less often among patients with AD. Aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of contact sensitivity (positive patch test reactions) in patients with and without AD. We patch tested a total of 2143 patients (563 men and 1580 women). There were 226 patients with history of AD; 61 (27%) men and 165 (73%) women. The patient group without AD consisted of 1917 patients, 502 (26%) male and 1415 (74%) female patients, who were referred to our Department with clinical suspicion of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). A patch test was performed with the baseline series, and readings were performed on days D2, D3, and D7. Among patients with AD, 109 (48.2%) had a positive patch test reaction to at least one allergen, whereas 1094 (57.1%) patients with no history of AD had a positive patch test reaction. The most common positive allergens in patients with AD were nickel (II) sulfate (13.3%), thimerosal (12.4%), cobalt (II) chloride (11.5%), methylisothiazolinone (MI) (8.4%), fragrance mix I (6.6%), potassium dichromate (5.3%), methyldibromo glutaronitrile (4.0%), and carba mix (4.0%). The results of our study agree with previous findings that there is no significant difference in prevalence of CS between the atopic and nonatopic populations.
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33834990
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Parasitology 2021Gastrointestinal (GI) infection is predominant globally, especially in people with low socio-economic status with existing illiteracy, ignorance, poor housing and...
Gastrointestinal (GI) infection is predominant globally, especially in people with low socio-economic status with existing illiteracy, ignorance, poor housing and lifestyle, and the surrounding environment. It has been implicated as a significant public health concern in the rural parts of many developing countries like Nepal. This study aimed to determine the diversity and prevalence of GI parasites in the highly marginalized indigenous Chepang communities in central Nepal. One hundred fresh stool samples of Chepangs were collected and preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The samples were analyzed by direct wet mount, sedimentation, flotation, and acid-fast techniques and examined under the microscope at the total magnifications of 100Å~, 400Å~, and 1000Å~. We detected 97% prevalence rates with eight protozoan and six helminth parasites. Considering the infection’s concurrency, mixed pattern of infection was found to be higher than single pattern. Mixed infections from two to seven parasitic species were differently recorded in different samples. We also found that people’s eating habits were associated with GI parasitism (p=0.0034). “One Health” Approach/Principle accompanied by the detailed molecular and epidemiologic studies of parasitic transmission is required to identify the causal evidence critical in controlling and preventing parasitic infections.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feces; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nepal; Parasites; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34953115
DOI: 10.17420/ap6703.353