-
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Oct 2022Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exists environmentally and occupationally. It has been shown to pose a carcinogenic hazard in certain occupations. This study was to...
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exists environmentally and occupationally. It has been shown to pose a carcinogenic hazard in certain occupations. This study was to investigate the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cr (VI)-induced metabolism reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis in A549 and HELF cells. First, knockdown of HMGA2 by siHMGA2 significantly attenuated Cr (VI)-reduced expression of OXPHOS-related proteins (COX IV and ND1) and mitochondrial mass, indicating that HMGA2 was involved in Cr (VI)-reduced OXPHOS. Overexpression of HMGA2 by transfection of HMGA2-DNA plasmids reduced the expression of COX IV, ND1 and mitochondrial mass, suggesting the negative role of HMGA2 in OXPHOS. Secondly, both CCCP, the inhibitor of mitochondrial function, and the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), decreased the level of HMGA2, indicating that the interaction of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress resulted in Cr (VI)-induced HMGA2 expression. Further study demonstrated that ER stress/HMGA2 axis mediated the metabolism rewiring from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis. Notably, Cr (VI) induced the accumulation of HMGA2 proteins in mitochondria and ChIP assay demonstrated that HMGA2 proteins could bind to D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which provided the proof for HMGA2-modulating OXPHOS. Taken together, our results suggested that the interaction of mitochondria and ER stress-enhanced HMGA2 played an important role in Cr (VI)-induced metabolic reprogramming from OXPHOS to glycolysis by binding directly to D-loop region of mtDNA. This work informs on the potential mode of action for Cr (VI)-induced tumors and builds on growing evidence regarding the contribution of cellular metabolic disruption contributing to carcinogenicity.
Topics: Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Chromium; DNA, Mitochondrial; Glycolysis; Mitochondria
PubMed: 36116352
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114085 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022The environmental impact and availability of ingredients are vital for the new generation of rocket propellants. In this context, several novel composite propellants...
The environmental impact and availability of ingredients are vital for the new generation of rocket propellants. In this context, several novel composite propellants were prepared based on the "greener" oxidizer (PSAN), a micronized aluminum-magnesium alloy fuel, iron oxide powder burn rate modifier, triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) energetic plasticizer and a polyurethane (PU) binder. The novelty of this study is brought by the innovative procedure of synthesizing and combining the constituents of these heterogeneous compositions to obtain high-performance "eco-friendly" rocket propellants. The polymorphism shortcomings brought by ammonium nitrate in these energetic formulations have been solved by its co-crystallization with potassium salts (potassium nitrate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, potassium sulphate, potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate). Polyester-polyol blends, resulting from recycled post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycolysis, were utilized for the synthesis of the polyurethane binder, especially designed for this type of application. To adjust the energetic output and tailor the mechanical properties of the propellant, the energetic plasticizer TEGDN was also involved. The performance and safety characteristics of the novel composites were evaluated through various analytical techniques (TGA, DTA, XRD) and specific tests (rate of combustion, heat of combustion, specific volume, chemical stability, sensitivity to thermal, impact and friction stimuli), according to NATO standards, providing promising preliminary results for further ballistics investigations.
PubMed: 36556767
DOI: 10.3390/ma15248960 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jan 2023Glutathione (GSH) is vital for oxidative stress resistance and heavy metals detoxification. It is significant to develop a sensitive and accurate quantitative GSH...
Glutathione (GSH) is vital for oxidative stress resistance and heavy metals detoxification. It is significant to develop a sensitive and accurate quantitative GSH approach for the toxicity mechanism for studying heavy metals in cells. A high-sensitive capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection approach was proposed in this study to detect GSH content in cells. The approach employed HepG2 cells as an object and 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (NDA) with the active group of aromatic -dialdehyde as a labeling reagent. The effects of buffer solution types, pH, additives on the GSH reaction rate with NDA, and the sensitivity of NDA-GSH were systematically investigated. The sensitivity of NDA-GSH and the reaction rate of GSH with NDA were compared in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer solution at pH 7.4 or 9.2 and borate-Tris buffer solution at pH 9.2. The results revealed that the NDA-GSH sensitivity was the highest and the reaction rate of GSH and NDA was the fastest in borate buffer solution at pH 9.2. The effects of the four additives on the sensitivity of NDA-GSH were further compared. The best additive was revealed to be -cyclodextrin (-CD). GSH reacted with NDA to reach equilibrium within 5 min under the optimal experimental conditions, and the electrophoretic signal of NDA-GSH could be seen in 3 min. Quantitative analysis of GSH in HepG2 cells was performed using an external standard approach by determining a series of GSH standard solutions. The results revealed that the approach had a good linear relationship with the peak area vs. concentration (0.01-20.00 mmol/L) of GSH. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of GSH were determined using signal-to-noise ratios of 3 (=3) and 10 (=10), which were 0.006 μmol/L and 0.020 μmol/L, respectively. The approach's spiked recoveries were 95.7%-112.6%, with relative standard deviations of the approach being 3.8%-5.0% (=3). This approach offers high sensitivity, good stability, accuracy, and reliability. To study the relationship between the toxicity of arsenic and chromium on HepG2 cells and the content of GSH in HepG2 cells, the effects of arsenic and chromium with different valences on cell viability were analyzed. The results illustrated that the cytotoxicity of potassium dichromate (Cr(Ⅵ)) was the strongest. The variations of GSH content in HepG2 cells stimulated with arsenite (As(Ⅲ)), arsenate (As(Ⅴ)), chromium chloride (Cr(Ⅲ)), and Cr(Ⅵ) were analyzed by the proposed approach and analysis of intracellular GSH imaging. The results revealed that the stimulation group i. e. analyzed doses (low-dose 2 mg/L, high-dose 5 mg/L) of As(Ⅲ), As(Ⅴ), and Cr(Ⅲ) had no obvious effect on GSH content in HepG2 cells compared with the control group, whereas high-dose Cr(Ⅵ) can significantly reduce GSH content in HepG2 cells. Considering the analysis of cytotoxicity of As(Ⅲ), As(Ⅴ), Cr(Ⅲ), and Cr(Ⅵ), it shows that the content of GSH in HepG2 cells is related to cytotoxicity, and the content of GSH will decrease with the increase in cytotoxicity.
Topics: Arsenic; Fluorescence; Reproducibility of Results; Borates; Glutathione; Chromium; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Lasers
PubMed: 36633080
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.04018 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2021To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The records of 455 (M:F 2:1) patients aged 18-85 years with allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of OCD and patterns of dermatitis were defined by standard criteria. Indian standard series comprising 20 allergens and when suspected patient's own products were patch tested by Finn chamber method as per European Society of Contact Dermatitis guidelines and relevance of positive results was defined clinically.
RESULTS
Airborne contact dermatitis (27.7%), acral dermatitis (14.1%), hand dermatitis (12.9%), acrofacial dermatitis (12.7%), and facial dermatitis (10.5%) were the common patterns. Agriculturists (51.2%), homemakers (27.9%), office workers (24.6%), and construction workers (4.6%) comprised the majority. Positive patch test results in 58% cases were from parthenium (31.7%), -paraphenylenediamine (PPD) (22.9%), nickel (16%), fragrance mix (11%), potassium dichromate (10.7%), cobalt (7.6%), and mercaptobenzothiazole (4.9%). Hair colorants, shoe chips, and shaving cream also produced relevant positive reactions. Parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in agriculturists; nickel, parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in women, and potassium dichromate and parthenium in construction workers elicited the most positive reactions. PPD and hair colorants elicited positive reaction mainly in office workers.
CONCLUSIONS
The agriculturists, homemakers, and construction workers have OCD most frequently. Parthenium in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, nickel in women, and PPD in office workers were the major contact allergens. The study is limited by its retrospective design, small number of patients, and limited number of patch test allergens.
PubMed: 34430457
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_768_20 -
Safety and Health At Work Dec 2020Research on the status of many chemicals used in the semiconductor industry is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall status of chemical use in...
BACKGROUND
Research on the status of many chemicals used in the semiconductor industry is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall status of chemical use in the semiconductor industry in Korea and to examine it from a health perspective.
METHODS
Data on the status of chemical use and safety data sheets at 11 of 12 major semiconductor workplaces in Korea were collected. The number of chemical products and chemical constituents, quantities of chemicals, and trade secret ingredients used, as well as the health hazards were examined.
RESULTS
On average, 210 chemical products and 135 chemical constituents were used at the surveyed workplaces. Among all chemical products, 33% (range: 16-56%) contained at least one trade secret ingredient. Most of the trade secret ingredients were used in the photolithography process. Several carcinogens, including sulfuric acid, chromic acid, ethylene oxide, crystalline silica, potassium dichromate, and formaldehyde were also used. Only 29% (39 of 135) of the chemical constituents had occupational exposure limits, and more than 60% had no National Fire Protection Association health, safety, and reactivity ratings. Based on the aforementioned results, this study revealed the following. First, many chemical products and constituents are being used in the semiconductor industry and many products contained trade secret ingredients. Second, many products contained significant amounts of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive toxicant materials.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that protecting workers in the semiconductor industry against harm from chemical substances will be difficult, due to widespread use of trade secret ingredients and a lack of hazard information. The findings of the status of chemical use and the health and safety risks in semiconductor industry will contribute to epidemiological studies, safe workplace, and worker health protection.
PubMed: 33329917
DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.04.005 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Feb 2023Beyond their biological roles, metals have a strong impact on the environment. It has been reported that metals are also inhibitory of Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanisms,...
Beyond their biological roles, metals have a strong impact on the environment. It has been reported that metals are also inhibitory of Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanisms, ones of the best characterized signaling systems in bacteria and fungi. We analyzed the effect of CuSO4, CdCl2, and K2Cr2O7, on QS systems sharing or differing in the bacterial host or the QS signal. The results in this study show that CuSO4 can not only be inhibitory, but also stimulatory of QS activity: at 0.2 mM increased six fold the activity in Chromobacterium subtsugae CV026. This behavior is related to the concentration of the metal and the particular QS system: E. coli MT102 (pJBA132) was no affected, but CuSO4 decreased the QS activity of Pseudomonas putida F117 (pKR-C12) to half its control values. K2Cr2O7 increased four and three folds the QS activities of E. coli MT102 (pJBA132) and P. putida F117 (pAS-C8), respectively, but without effect when combined with CuSO4 or CdCl2. CdCl2 only showed a positive effect in CV026 when combined with CuSO4. Results suggest that factors related with the culture conditions impact on the influence of the metals, and reinforce the importance of the environment in the modulation of QS activity.
Topics: Quorum Sensing; Cadmium Chloride; Potassium Dichromate; Copper Sulfate; Escherichia coli; Bacteria; Biosensing Techniques; Chromobacterium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 36794883
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac055 -
Chemosphere Jun 2017Phytol (PYT) is a diterpenoid having important biological activity. However, it is a water non-soluble compound. This study aims to prepare PYT nanoemulsion (PNE) and...
Phytol (PYT) is a diterpenoid having important biological activity. However, it is a water non-soluble compound. This study aims to prepare PYT nanoemulsion (PNE) and evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of PYT and PNE. For this, the PNE was prepared by the phase inversion method. The cytotoxicity test was performed in Artemia salina, while toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Allium cepa at concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM. Potassium dichromate and copper sulfate were used as positive controls for the tests of A. salina and A. cepa, respectively. In addition, an adaptation response was detected in A. cepa by using the comet assay. The results suggest that both PYT and PNE exhibited toxic and cytotoxic effects at 4-16 mM in either test system, while genotoxicity at 2-16 mM in A. cepa. PNE exhibited more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 8 and 16 mM than the PYT. However, both PYT and PNE at 2 and 4 mM decreased the index and frequency of damage in A. cepa after 48 and 72 h, suggesting a possible adaptation response or DNA damage preventing capacity. Nanoemulsified PYT (PNE) may readily cross the biological membranes with an increase in bioavailability and produce more toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the used test systems.
Topics: Animals; Artemia; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Emulsions; Nanoparticles; Onions; Phytol
PubMed: 28284120
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.145 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2016The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on potassium dichromate (K CrO)-induced...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on potassium dichromate (K CrO)-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity.
METHODS
A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: control, KCrO(KCrO15 mg/kg, one dose, i.p.), KCrO + melatonin, KCrO + CAPE, and KCrO + melatonin + CAPE. Urine and blood samples were collected from rats before scarification. One kidney was collected for histopathological studies, and the other was stored at -80°C for further determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) levels with spectrophotometric method. Comet assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity.
RESULTS
We observed a significant amelioration in genotoxicity by melatonin and simultaneous melatonin + CAPE treatment compared to KCrO group (, < 0.05). SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, and MDA levels did not change when compared with controls. When KCrO applied group was treated with melatonin and CAPE, neither melatonin nor CAPE made any changes in kidney GSH, GST, SOD, and MDA levels ( > 0.05). We noted that treatment with CAPE and melatonin + CAPE together caused a significant decrease in renal tissue damage, an upregulation in the kidney CAT levels ( < 0.05) and a slight healing at GR levels when compared with the KCrO group.
CONCLUSION
Our results revealed, CAPE and melatonin may have protective effects on KCrO induced nephrotoxicity and cellular damage in rats.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Caffeic Acids; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Melatonin; Oxidative Stress; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Potassium Dichromate; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 27756952
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.186213 -
Ultrastructural Pathology Nov 2023The visual cortex is very important in mammals for processing of visual information. Exposure to heavy metals such as potassium dichromate poses serious health threat to...
The visual cortex is very important in mammals for processing of visual information. Exposure to heavy metals such as potassium dichromate poses serious health threat to human beings. The aim of this work is to study the effect of potassium dichromate on the visual cortex of adult albino rat and also to identify the possibility of selenium as protective agent against toxicity of potassium dichromate. A total number of 40 adult albino rats weighting (200-250) gm were used. They divided into four groups: control group, potassium dichromate received group, potassium dichromate and selenium received group and selenium received group. The rats received treatment for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, they were sacrificed. The present study showed that potassium dichromate causes degeneration of granular neurons in layer IV and pyramidal neurons in layer V. Morphometric results revealed statistically significant decrease in the number of granule and pyramidal cells in potassium dichromate received group as compared with control group. Most of degenerative changes are improved by selenium.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Adult; Animals; Potassium Dichromate; Selenium; Visual Cortex; Mammals
PubMed: 37936280
DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2259455 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024The tadpole shrimp is a freshwater crustacean with fast embryonic and larval development, short life cycle, and high fecundity. They are very active swimmers of a...
The tadpole shrimp is a freshwater crustacean with fast embryonic and larval development, short life cycle, and high fecundity. They are very active swimmers of a reasonable size, easy to spot and record. Such characteristics make it a promising candidate as an experimental model in ecotoxicology to evaluate the effects of aquatic pollutants, particularly using its locomotor behavior as an endpoint. To evaluate the sensitivity of and develop endpoints of interest, we conducted exposure experiments with lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of potassium dichromate, a compound known for its ecotoxicological importance and as a hexavalent chromium source. The endpoints evaluated were mortality, growth, sexual maturation, reproductive output, cholinesterase activity and locomotor/swimming behavior. The 96 h median lethal concentration was found to be 65 µg/L. Furthermore, exposure to potassium dichromate at higher concentrations had a significant negative impact on the growth rate of in terms of both body mass and length. The time for maturation was also delayed at higher concentrations. In addition, locomotor behavior allowed for the discrimination of all tested chromium concentrations and the control group and from each other, proving to be the most sensitive endpoint. Overall, the data support the potential of as a model for ecotoxicity testing, using apical endpoints with impact at the population level; in particular, results suggest that behavior assessments in this species might be useful for detecting hazardous compounds in environmental monitoring of freshwater ecosystems.
PubMed: 38338000
DOI: 10.3390/ani14030358