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International Journal of Infectious... May 2021We examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
We examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
METHODS
An open-label parallel randomized controlled trial was performed among healthy migrant workers quarantined in a large multi-storey dormitory in Singapore. Forty clusters (each defined as individual floors of the dormitory) were randomly assigned to receive a 42-day prophylaxis regimen of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg once, followed by 200 mg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg once), povidone-iodine throat spray (3 times/day, 270 μg/day), oral zinc (80 mg/day)/vitamin C (500 mg/day) combination, or oral vitamin C, 500 mg/day. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as shown by either: (1) a positive serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 42, or (2) a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at any time between baseline and day 42.
RESULTS
A total of 3037 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 33.0 years; all men) who were seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were included in the primary analysis. Follow-up was nearly complete (99.6%). Compared with vitamin C, significant absolute risk reductions (%, 98.75% confidence interval) were observed for oral hydroxychloroquine (21%, 2-42%) and povidone-iodine throat spray (24%, 7-39%). No statistically significant differences were observed with oral zinc/vitamin C combination (23%, -5 to +41%) and ivermectin (5%, -10 to +22%). Interruptions due to side effects were highest among participants who received zinc/vitamin C combination (6.9%), followed by vitamin C (4.7%), povidone-iodine (2.0%), and hydroxychloroquine (0.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Chemoprophylaxis with either oral hydroxychloroquine or povidone-iodine throat spray was superior to oral vitamin C in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and healthy men.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Male; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Povidone-Iodine; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 33864917
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035 -
Ghana Medical Journal Jun 2023the aim was to compare 2 drops of either 5% chloramphenicol, 1% povidone-iodine or 5% povidone-iodine before cataract surgery on reducing the colonisation of bacterial... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
the aim was to compare 2 drops of either 5% chloramphenicol, 1% povidone-iodine or 5% povidone-iodine before cataract surgery on reducing the colonisation of bacterial flora in the conjunctiva.
DESIGN
This was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial study.
SETTING
Patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, for cataract surgery were studied.
PARTICIPANTS
Totally 260 patients were enrolled.
INTERVENTION
The affected lower fornix was gently sampled with a sterile swab and cultured on appropriate microbiological media. Then one of the 3 solutions mentioned above was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the cases in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After thirty minutes, new conjunctival swabs were taken and cultured.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The type of bacteria isolated and their colony-forming unit per mL (CFU/mL) number were primary end-points. The statistical tests of Phi and Cramer's V and Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis were applied to evaluate the relationship between the studied variables and culture results as the secondary end-point.
RESULTS
The studied patients were 129 (49.6%) males and 131 (50.4%) females. Bacterial growth was observed in 49 cases (18.85%); the most commonly isolated bacteria were (71.42%). In the povidone-iodine 5% and chloramphenicol groups (but not the povidone-iodine 1%), the decrease in the number of CFU/mL was statistically significant (P = 0.032 and P = 0.005, respectively, Wilcoxon test).
CONCLUSION
A single dose of povidone-iodine 5% and chloramphenicol effectively reduces the colonisation of normal conjunctival bacteria and can be used as effective prophylaxis.
FUNDING
This study was part of an MSc thesis of Nasrin Tofighi. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, funded this work.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Chloramphenicol; Ophthalmic Solutions; Conjunctiva; Bacteria; Cataract
PubMed: 38504751
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i2.1 -
Biomolecules Mar 2023The use of iodine as antiseptic poses some issues related to its low water solubility and high volatility. Stable solid iodine-containing formulations are highly...
The use of iodine as antiseptic poses some issues related to its low water solubility and high volatility. Stable solid iodine-containing formulations are highly advisable and currently limited to the povidone-iodine complex. In this study, complexes of molecular iodine with 2-hydroxypropyl α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins were considered water-soluble iodophors and prepared in a solid state by using three different methods (liquid-assisted grinding, co-evaporation and sealed heating). The obtained solids were evaluated for their iodine content and stability over time in different conditions using a fully validated UV method. The assessment of the actual formation of an inclusion complex in a solid state was carried out by thermal analysis, and the presence of iodine was further confirmed by SEM/EDX and XPS analyses. High levels of iodine content (8.3-10.8%) were obtained with all the tested cyclodextrins, and some influence was exerted by the employed preparation method. Potential use as solid iodophors can be envisaged for these iodine complexes, among which those with 2-hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin were found the most stable, regardless of the preparation technique. The three prepared cyclodextrin-iodine complexes proved effective as bactericides against .
Topics: Iodine; Iodophors; Cyclodextrins; Povidone-Iodine; Solubility; Water; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
PubMed: 36979409
DOI: 10.3390/biom13030474 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Feb 2019A potentiometric method is presented that allows to characterize aqueous iodine-based disinfecting solutions and preparations, respectively. By means of three electrodes... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A potentiometric method is presented that allows to characterize aqueous iodine-based disinfecting solutions and preparations, respectively. By means of three electrodes (iodide-sensitive, platinum redox, and reference electrode), the concentrations of free iodine, iodide, and triiodide were determined. The apposition "free" means iodine not complexed with ligands originating from the organic matrix of the iodophoric iodine source (e.g. povidone iodine). Based on the gained values ([I], [I], and[I]), it is possible to assess features concerning kinetics of disinfection, disinfecting capacity, and tolerability. The method distinguishes by simplicity and modest time expenditure of 10-15 min for a complete investigation comprising two potentiometric measurements.
Topics: Disinfectants; Electrodes; Iodine; Oxidation-Reduction; Potentiometry; Povidone-Iodine; Time Factors
PubMed: 30513509
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.054 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Jul 2020To test the antiseptic efficacy of povidone-iodine when mixed with topical lidocaine gel.
PURPOSE
To test the antiseptic efficacy of povidone-iodine when mixed with topical lidocaine gel.
SETTING
Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
DESIGN
Experimental study.
METHODS
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci (Streptococcus sanguinis), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown on blood agar plates with povidone-iodine and/or lidocaine gel. The efficacy of sterilization was quantified by surviving bacterial colony-forming units.
RESULTS
Combination of povidone-iodine and lidocaine gel prevented bacterial growth to levels similar to povidone-iodine alone. Application of lidocaine gel to bacteria before povidone-iodine treatment allowed bacterial growth similar to controls not exposed to povidone-iodine.
CONCLUSIONS
Povidone-iodine must be applied before lidocaine gel for effective antisepsis, but admixture of povidone-iodine with lidocaine gel was also effective and may reduce the risk of endophthalmitis associated with lidocaine gel use. This strategy offers a practice-changing alternative for preoperative prophylaxis in procedures requiring topical anesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Humans; Lidocaine; Povidone-Iodine; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 32427643
DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000245 -
Surgical Infections Nov 2023Surgical site infections (SSIs) that occur after hypospadias repair frequently result in incision healing complications, especially during puberty. This study aimed to...
Efficacy of Body Wash and Povidone-Iodine in Skin Preparation in Reducing Surgical Site Infections After Hypospadias Repair Among Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study With Retrospective Controls.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) that occur after hypospadias repair frequently result in incision healing complications, especially during puberty. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of twice-daily pre-operative skin preparation using body wash and povidone-iodine within 48 hours before hypospadias repair with regard to infection rates in adolescents. Prospective recruitment included patients in Tanner stages 3 to 5 undergoing hypospadias repair from January 2015 to January 2021. The experimental group comprised patients who performed twice-daily skin preparation with body wash and povidone-iodine within 48 hours before surgery. Surgeons selected either 0.5% or 5% povidone-iodine for skin preparation. The control group comprised a retrospective cohort of hypospadias repair conducted in the preceding five years, where patients performed pre-surgery evening showers using a body wash. Complications were collected over a six-month follow-up period. The study included 90 patients in the 0.5% povidone-iodine group, 92 patients in the 5% povidone-iodine group, and 84 patients in the control group. Differences were observed among the groups in terms of SSI (p = 0.030) and urethral fistula (p = 0.019). In post hoc tests, only the 5% povidone-iodine group demonstrated a diminished incidence of SSI (p = 0.009) and urethral fistula (p = 0.005) in comparison to the control group. Using body wash and 5% povidone-iodine for skin preparation was associated with a reduction in the incidence of SSI and urethral fistula following hypospadias repair in adolescents and may be considered to improve outcomes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Povidone-Iodine; Surgical Wound Infection; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Prospective Studies; Chlorhexidine; Hypospadias; Retrospective Studies; Preoperative Care; Fistula
PubMed: 37944080
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.268 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Feb 2016To determine the efficacy of 2.5% and 1.25% Povidone-Iodine solution for Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of 2.5% and 1.25% Povidone-Iodine solution for Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis.
STUDY DESIGN
Interventional study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital, Sargodha, from May to November 2014.
METHODOLOGY
Atotal of 200 eyes of 100 newborn babies were enrolled and divided into two groups of 100 right eyes and 100 left eyes. Aconjunctival swab for bacterial culture was taken within 30 minutes after delivery. Asingle drop of 2.5% Povidone-Iodine was then placed in the right eye while in the left eye a single drop of 1.25% Povidone-Iodine was placed. Thirty minutes after placing Povidone-Iodine, a conjunctival swab was again taken. Abacterial suspension was prepared from each swab in determining bacterial counts. The bacterial suspension was inoculated on yeast extract agar and the number of colony forming units were counted. At each culture, the number of colony forming units before and after instillation of 2.5% Povidone-Iodine and 1.25% Povidone-Iodine were compared. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The 2.5% Povidone-Iodine solution caused a statistically significant decrease in the number of colony forming units (p=0.001). Similarly, the 1.25% Povidone-Iodine solution also reduced the number of colony forming units to a statistically significant level (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION
The 1.25% concentration of Povidone-Iodine is as effective as the 2.5% concentration of Povidone-Iodine in reducing the number of colony forming units in healthy conjunctivae of newborns.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Colony Count, Microbial; Conjunctiva; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Ophthalmic Solutions; Povidone-Iodine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26876399
DOI: No ID Found -
International Urology and Nephrology Apr 2021To report the efficacy and safety of povidone-iodine sclerotherapy of primary symptomatic lymphocele after kidney transplantation in a large contemporary cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
To report the efficacy and safety of povidone-iodine sclerotherapy of primary symptomatic lymphocele after kidney transplantation in a large contemporary cohort study.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A single-institutional study was conducted including consecutive patients who underwent povidone-iodine sclerotherapy for primary symptomatic lymphocele after kidney transplantation between January 2013 and March 2020. Sclerotherapy was used as the first-line treatment of symptomatic lymphocele. Recurrent lymphoceles were managed with open or laparoscopic fenestration. The primary outcome was the efficacy of sclerotherapy which was defined as the absence of second sclerotherapy or salvage surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 965 renal transplantations were included. Sclerotherapy for primary symptomatic lymphocele was performed in 60 cases (6.2%). The median (IQR) number of instillation, the volume of povidone-iodine per instillation and drainage time were 3 (3-3), 60 (38-80) mL and 6 days (5-8), respectively. Sclerotherapy related complications were reported in eight cases (13.3%) and included five cases of accidental catheter removal, two cases of lumbosciatica, and one case of intraperitoneal diffusion of povidone-iodine. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 33 (14-60) months, treatment success was achieved in 33 cases (55%). Multivariate analysis failed to identify predictors of sclerotherapy failure. Salvage therapies included 7 s sclerotherapy and 20 surgical fenestrations with an overall success rate of 88.8% (24/27).
CONCLUSIONS
Sclerotherapy was an easy and safe procedure to treat primary symptomatic lymphocele in renal transplant recipients. Despite moderate efficacy, recurrences were easily controlled with salvage therapies. Further studies are necessary to identify predictive factors of sclerotherapy failure to directly refer patients to surgical treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocele; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Povidone-Iodine; Sclerotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33170487
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02709-2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023A hydrophobic calix[4]arene derivative was investigated for its iodine (I) capture efficiency from gaseous and liquid phase. The iodine uptake was followed by UV-vis...
A hydrophobic calix[4]arene derivative was investigated for its iodine (I) capture efficiency from gaseous and liquid phase. The iodine uptake was followed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Additionally, the influence of the calix[4]arene derivative-polyolefin system on the leaching of iodine through packaging from a povidone-iodine-based (PVP-I) formulation was evaluated. In fact, iodine is a low-cost, multi-target, and broad-spectrum antiseptic. However, it is volatile, and the extended storage of I-based formulations is challenging in plastic packaging. Here, we investigated the possibility of reducing the loss of I from an iodophor formulation by incorporating 4--butylcalix [4]arene-tetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester (CX) and its iodine complex in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) via a swelling procedure. Surface and bulk changes were monitored by contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The barrier effect of the different polymeric systems (embedded with CX, iodine-CX complex, or I2) was evaluated by monitoring the I2 retention in a buffered PVP-I solution by UV-vis spectroscopy. Overall, experimental data showed the capability of the calix[4]arene derivative to complex iodine in solution and the solid state and a significant reduction in the iodine leaching by the PP-CX systems.
Topics: Iodine; Povidone-Iodine; Spectrum Analysis; Calixarenes
PubMed: 36838860
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041869 -
Research in Veterinary Science Dec 2022The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable and reproducible method to isolate and cultivate canine corneal epithelial and stromal cells (cCECs and cCSCs). The...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable and reproducible method to isolate and cultivate canine corneal epithelial and stromal cells (cCECs and cCSCs). The cells were subsequently used for in vitro testing of topically applied diluted povidone iodine (PVI).
METHODS
Corneas of dogs, euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study, were used to collect primary cCECs and cCSCs. Corneas were enzymatically digested and explants obtained using biopsy punches. Epithelial and stromal explants were separately taken into culture. Cell proliferation and migration was evaluated after incubation of cCECs and cCSCs with PVI in different concentrations (1, 2, or 5%) and with different exposure times (1, 3, or 10 min).
RESULTS
Solely incubation of 4 mm diameter corneal epithelial explants in a 48-well culture plate in full medium led to sufficient growth of cCECs. Up to four passages were achieved with a cell density of 10,000-20,000 cells/cm after dissociation of cells in trypsin for 8 min. Cell detachment and passaging for cCSCs were possible with almost every cornea and explant. Canine CSCs were less sensitive to PVI in all concentrations and over time than cCECs. Epithelial and stromal cell proliferation and migration decreased with increasing exposure times and PVI concentrations across all groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The described method is a straightforward and sound way to isolate and cultivate cCECs and cCSCs in vitro. Basic information on cCEC and cCSC migration and proliferation after incubation with PVI, was gathered. The results may provide a step towards an optimal preoperative antisepsis protocol for ophthalmic surgery in future.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cornea; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Povidone-Iodine; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 35850012
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.017