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Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL.
SUMMARY
In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and laboratory and imaging techniques. Clinical presentation of jaundice manifests through yellow skin and sclera coloration. Evaluation of every patient includes detailed medical history and examination. In the laboratory, evaluation of enzymes of hepatic inflammation as well as cholestatic enzymes with serum bilirubin must be included. Additional laboratory analysis and imaging modalities are needed in order to differentiate jaundice etiology. Moreover, imaging is available and needed in further evaluation, and treatment is dependent on the underlying cause.
KEY MESSAGES
In this review, we will outline the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and diagnostic and treatment approach to these patients.
Topics: Bilirubin; Cholestasis; General Practitioners; Humans; Jaundice; Liver Function Tests
PubMed: 34015787
DOI: 10.1159/000517301 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jun 2019Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) is a medical procedure that consists of infusing stem cells after a short course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both.... (Review)
Review
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) is a medical procedure that consists of infusing stem cells after a short course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both. It can be used in the treatment of various cancers, as well as some benign conditions. In the present review, we discuss the various types of hsct and their main indications. The principles of the transplant procedure itself and the basics of recipient selection are reviewed. Special attention is given to both the immediate and the long-term complications of hsct and their management strategies. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a potentially life-saving procedure and often the only curative option for a variety of diseases; however, it is not without significant toxicities.
Topics: General Practitioners; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 31285665
DOI: 10.3747/co.26.5033 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... Dec 2023The Practitioner's Toolkit for Managing the Menopause, developed in 2014, provided an accessible desk-top tool for health-care practitioners caring for women at midlife.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The Practitioner's Toolkit for Managing the Menopause, developed in 2014, provided an accessible desk-top tool for health-care practitioners caring for women at midlife. To ensure the Toolkit algorithms and supporting information reflect current best practice, the Toolkit has been revised in accordance with the published literature.
METHODS
A systematic search for guidelines, position and consensus statements pertaining to the menopause and published after 2014 was undertaken, and key recommendations extracted from the Clinical Practice Guidelines determined to be the most robust by formal evaluation. The peer-reviewed literature was further searched for identified information gaps.
RESULTS
The revised Toolkit provides algorithms that guide the clinical assessment and care of women relevant to menopause. Included are the reasons why women present, information that should be ascertained, issues that may influence shared decision-making and algorithms that assist with determination of menopausal status, menopause hormone therapy (MHT) and non-hormonal treatment options for symptom relief. As clear guidelines regarding when MHT might be indicated to prevent bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis in asymptomatic women were found to be lacking, the Toolkit has been expanded to support shared decision-making regarding bone health.
CONCLUSIONS
The 2023 Toolkit and supporting document provide accessible desk-top information to support health-care providers caring for women at midlife.The Toolkit has been endorsed by the International Menopause Society, Australasian Menopause Society, British Menopause Society, Endocrine Society of Australia and Jean hailes for Women's Health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Menopause; Women's Health; Osteoporosis; Consensus
PubMed: 37902335
DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2258783 -
Sante Publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy,... 2022One of the main recommendations to improve chronic asthmatic patients' adhesion to their treatment is the implementation of a coordinated care pathway aiming at...
INTRODUCTION
One of the main recommendations to improve chronic asthmatic patients' adhesion to their treatment is the implementation of a coordinated care pathway aiming at facilitating disease management by the patient while meeting his needs and expectations.
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
To study through a critical literature review and a short survey how this care pathway can be set up and adapted to the Belgian context.
RESULTS
A model including the three healthcare levels in Belgium was developed. The first level is mainly formed by general practitioners while the second and third are centralized around a structure called asthma clinic. This latter would provide a full asthma assessment, its chronic follow-up and treatment for severe asthma. Roles of healthcare professionals working with the asthmatic patient were identified and described. This model is discussed in the light of the present Belgian situation according to different plans: asthma management, effective interdisciplinary communication, advanced nurse practitioner's role implementation.
CONCLUSION
Although the Belgian context is currently not suitable enough for allowing this new nursing function to arise, our model lays the foundations of a system which is adapted to complexity of Belgium, follows from validated experiences on international scene, and offers an answer to chronic asthmatic patient's needs and expectations.
Topics: Asthma; Belgium; Critical Pathways; Disease Management; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36102095
DOI: 10.3917/spub.221.0087 -
Cureus Aug 2020The trauma and orthopaedic speciality continues to advance as surgery becomes more accessible and safe. However, the bygone days of treatment with traction still has its... (Review)
Review
The trauma and orthopaedic speciality continues to advance as surgery becomes more accessible and safe. However, the bygone days of treatment with traction still has its merits and should remain a part of practitioner's repertoire. This will allow the practitioners to be resourceful in times of unexpected scenarios. We aim to write this article to describe indications, applications of various forms of traction, and their relevant complications.
PubMed: 32983726
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10034 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2024The threat of foreign animal diseases is steadily increasing. Veterinary practitioners play a vital role in a community's preparedness for, response to, and recovery... (Review)
Review
The threat of foreign animal diseases is steadily increasing. Veterinary practitioners play a vital role in a community's preparedness for, response to, and recovery from a foreign animal disease outbreak. This article examines the steps a practitioner needs to take to become ready to have a role in disaster readiness and response. Resources exist to provide the practitioner with tools needed to transition their normal daily activities to a larger integrated response. The knowledge and skills used by practitioners in disaster management lead to a more effective and efficient response to a foreign animal disease.
Topics: Animals; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine; Disaster Planning; Disease Outbreaks; Animal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 38395704
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.011 -
Science & Justice : Journal of the... Sep 2022Digital forensic practitioners often utilise a range of tools throughout their casework in order to access, identify and analyse relevant data, making them a vital part...
Digital forensic practitioners often utilise a range of tools throughout their casework in order to access, identify and analyse relevant data, making them a vital part of conducting thorough, efficient and accurate digital examinations of device content and datasets. Whilst their importance cannot be understated, there is also no guarantee that their functionality is free from error, where similarly, no practitioner can 100% assure that their performance is flawless. Should an error occur during an investigation, assuming that it has been identified, then determining the cause of it is important for the purposes of ensuring quality control in both the immediate investigation and for longer-term practice improvements. Perhaps anecdotally, a starting position in any postmortem review of an error may be to suspect that any tools used may be at fault, where recent narratives and initiatives have enforced the need to evaluate all tools prior to them being used in any live investigation. Yet, in addition, an error may occur as a result of a practitioner's investigative conduct. This work discusses the concept of 'fault-attribution', focusing on the roles of the forensic tool and practitioner, and proposes a series of principles for determining responsibility for an investigative error.
Topics: Humans; Forensic Medicine; Quality Control
PubMed: 36336444
DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.07.006 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2022Foot and hallux valgus surgery are amongst the most commonly performed surgeries, with a growing number of procedures leading to litigation. The aim of this conference... (Review)
Review
Foot and hallux valgus surgery are amongst the most commonly performed surgeries, with a growing number of procedures leading to litigation. The aim of this conference is to provide an update on the causes of malpractice claims and the associated risk factors. What are the causes of litigation? Acute or chronic residual pain, stiffness, metatarsalgia, consolidation delays, secondary displacements, suboptimal results are the most common causes found in litigious proceedings. What are the risk factors? Surgeon-related and patient-related risk factors exist. Percutaneous surgery or the development of outpatient hospitalization are not specific risk factors. From the point of view of practitioners, the application and traceability of recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis, for thromboembolic disease, or for the checklist are essential, allowing causes of blame to be easily avoided. Information is fundamental. Since the Law of the 4th of March 2002, the surgeon-patient relationship has changed. Pre-operative information archived in the practitioner's file is essential. This includes written and oral information which is consented to and understood by the patient. Thus, the understanding and compliance with immediate post-operative instructions or adherence to the post-operative program are success factors regarding the surgical outcome. The patient must also be informed and aware of their own individual risk factors (e.g. smoking and immunosuppression, particularly) which require greater caution. What is the best way to reduce the risk of these claims being made? It is about traceability: traceability of clinical examination, procedures, information and exchanges with the patient. It is only under this principle that the surgeon-patient relationship can be clearer, respectful and consequently less conducive to litigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V; expert opinion.
Topics: Hallux Valgus; Humans; Malpractice; Risk Factors; Surgeons
PubMed: 34838752
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103152 -
Plastic and Aesthetic NursingLip augmentation can correct lip asymmetries, reduce fine lines, define lip shape and Cupid's bow, and add natural fullness to the lips. Achieving a perfect result when...
Lip augmentation can correct lip asymmetries, reduce fine lines, define lip shape and Cupid's bow, and add natural fullness to the lips. Achieving a perfect result when injecting lip filler is an art that combines the desire of the patient with the skill of the practitioner and the practitioner's understanding of the surrounding anatomy. It is essential for aesthetic practitioners to prioritize open communication, provide custom-tailored treatments, and have a strong commitment to achieving natural and harmonious results. By following these principles, patients can enjoy the benefits of enhanced lips that boost their self-confidence while maintaining their unique beauty.
Topics: Humans; Lip; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Cleft Lip; Esthetics; Beauty
PubMed: 38639971
DOI: 10.1097/PSN.0000000000000558 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2024
PubMed: 38550847
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_91_24