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Pravastatin may improve neurological outcome following low-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Apr 2022Statins may improve outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) but randomized controlled trials, including all patients with aSAH whatever their...
Statins may improve outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) but randomized controlled trials, including all patients with aSAH whatever their clinical severity, were negative. We studied whether pravastatin improved neurologic outcome in patients with early good neurological status, whose prognosis is related to secondary lesions as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). We conducted a single-center study of cases and historical controls in a neurocritical care unit. We included consecutive patients with aSAH from 2011 to 2016 with early good neurological status defined by a WFNS score ≤ 3 on the third day. Patients treated before 2014 with oral pravastatin (40 mg/day for 14 days) as a standard of care were matched using propensity score to patients treated after 2014 without pravastatin. Good neurologic outcome was defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale ≥ 4 at neurocritical care unit discharge. We included 270 patients (135 patients with pravastatin), mostly treated with coiling (94.1%). Demographic, initial and subacute features were the same in the 2 groups. More patients experienced good outcome in the pravastatin group than in the control group (94.8% vs 74.2%; OR 7.16 95% CI [3.07 - 16.72], p < 0.001). There was no difference in the occurrence of DCI in the 2 groups. In our study, outcome on neurocritical care discharge was better in patients with early good neurological status treated with pravastatin. Another randomized controlled trial should be conducted on this subtype of population.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Infarction; Humans; Pravastatin; Prognosis; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35131719
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.01.025 -
Current Reviews in Clinical and... 2023A subpopulation of statin users such as subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), Human Immune virus (HIV), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), revascularization, metabolic...
BACKGROUND
A subpopulation of statin users such as subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), Human Immune virus (HIV), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), revascularization, metabolic syndrome, and/or diabetes may particularly benefit from pitavastatin pharmacotherapy.
AIM
The current systematic review aimed systematically to evaluate the effect of pitavastatin on primary cardiac events in subjects receiving pitavastatin in comparison to the other four statin members.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review on phases III and IV of randomized controlled trials (RCT-s, 11 trials) for subjects with primary cardiac events who received pitavastatin. Subjects diagnosed with any type of dyslipidemia (population 4804) and received pitavastatin (interventions) versus comparator (comparison) with the primary efficacy endpoint of minimization of LDL-C and non- HDL-C, had an increase in HDL-C and/or reduction in major adverse cardiac events (MACE, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (fatal/nonfatal), and stroke (fatal/nonfatal) and/or their composite (outcomes). The secondary safety endpoint was the development of any adverse effects.
RESULTS
In the included trials (11), participants (4804) were randomized for pitavastatin or its comparators such as atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and followed up for 12 to 52 weeks. In terms of the primary outcome (reduction in LDL-C), pitavastatin 4 mg was superior to pravastatin 40 mg in three trials, while the 2 mg pitavastatin was comparable to atorvastatin 10 mg in four trials and simvastatin 20 and 40 mg in two 2 trials. However, rosuvastatin 2.5 mg was superior to pitavastatin 2 mg in two trials. Pitavastatin increased HDL-C and reduced non-HDL-C in eleven trials. Regarding the safety profile, pitavastatin has proved to be tolerated and safe.
CONCLUSION
The FDA-approved indications for pitavastatin included primary dyslipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia as a supplementary therapy to dietary changes to lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), triglycerides (TG), and enhance HDL-C. Pitavastatin might be suitable for subjects with diabetes, ACS (reduced revascularization), metabolic syndrome, CKD, HIV, and subjects with low levels of HDL-C. We highly recommend rational individualization for the selection of statin.
Topics: Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Atorvastatin; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Pravastatin; Cholesterol, LDL; Metabolic Syndrome; Cholesterol, HDL; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Simvastatin; Dyslipidemias; Cardiovascular Diseases; HIV Infections
PubMed: 35642121
DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220531115314 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) damage is one of the critical factors that serve as basis for the lethality of nuclear accidents or terrorism. Further, there are...
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) damage is one of the critical factors that serve as basis for the lethality of nuclear accidents or terrorism. Further, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved agents available to mitigate radiation-induced intestinal injury. Although pravastatin (PS) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and epithelial reconstructive effects following radiation exposure using mouse and minipig models, the treatment failed to improve the survival rate of high-dose irradiated intestinal injury. Moreover, we previously found that metformin (MF), a common drug used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, has a mitigating effect on radiation-induced enteropathy by promoting stem cell properties. In this study, we investigated whether the combined administration of PS and MF could achieve therapeutic effects on acute radiation-induced intestinal injury in mouse and minipig models. We found that the combined treatment markedly increased the survival rate and attenuated histological damage in a radiation-induced intestinal injury mouse model, in addition to epithelial barrier recovery, anti-inflammatory effects, and improved epithelial proliferation with stem cell properties. Furthermore, in minipig models, combined treatment with PS and MF ameliorates gross pathological damage in abdominal organs and attenuated radiation-induced intestinal histological damage. Therefore, the combination of PS and MF effectively alleviated radiation-induced intestinal injury in the mouse and minipig models. We believe that the combined use of PS and MF is a promising therapeutic approach for treating radiation-induced intestinal injury.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Pravastatin; Metformin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Intestines; Radiation Injuries; Intestinal Diseases
PubMed: 36499155
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314827 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Aug 2022In this study, we aimed to identify whether using statins may increase the chance of pregnancy in Fertilisation / Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) patients...
In this study, we aimed to identify whether using statins may increase the chance of pregnancy in Fertilisation / Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) patients with hyperlipidaemia. Therefore, in this retrospective cohort study, 70 patients constituted the study population and all patients were managed by lipid lowering diet. Ten mg pravastatin (pravachol DEVA, Istanbul, Turkey) was added to therapy in case of resistant hypercholesterolaemia after 15 days of the diet. Fifty-one patients were treated with diet only and the remaining nineteen patients were offered both diet and pravastatin. Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly better with the patients who used pravastatin (68.4% vs. 39.2%, = .029). Ongoing pregnancy rates were 63.2% and 33.3% with pravastatin and diet only, respectively, which were statistically significant (:.024). According to multivariate analysis, pravastatin use was found independently and statistically significant for clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rate after IVF/ICSI in patients with dyslipidemia (HR 3.79; 95% CI 1.31-10.97; :.014 and HR 3.18; 95% CI 1.22-8.27; :.018). When we analysed stratified data according to the AMH levels, we noticed that as AMH levels increased, the pregnancy rates increased; the most benefit from pravastatin was in the group with AMH levels >2 ng/mL.IMPACT STATEMENT Dyslipidemia in In IVF/ICSI patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had negative impact on pregnancy rates The findings of the study support that pravastatin may help to improve pregnancy outcome, especially in normal and high responders, regardless of whether decreased serum LDL or total cholesterol level. As a result of our data, we speculated that it should be routine to investigate the lipid profile in every IVF/ICSI patient and should be treated accordingly, if necessary.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diet; Dyslipidemias; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipids; Male; Pravastatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Retrospective Studies; Semen
PubMed: 35257641
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2036968 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2022The Indonesian INOVASIA study is an ongoing multicentre randomized, open controlled trial of pravastatin for the prevention of preeclampsia in patients deemed to be high... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian INOVASIA study is an ongoing multicentre randomized, open controlled trial of pravastatin for the prevention of preeclampsia in patients deemed to be high risk. Here we evaluate the effects of pravastatin on circulating inflammatory and endothelial markers, i.e. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), and Nitric Oxide (NO).
METHODS
Pregnant women deemed to be at a high risk of developing preeclampsia women were recruited based on the Fetal Medicine Foundation preeclampsia screening test or a history of preterm preeclampsia, or clinical risk factors in combination with an abnormal uterine artery Doppler flow pattern at 11-20 week's gestation. This is a nested cohort study within the larger trial (INOVASIA); 38 patients were consecutively recruited and assigned to the pravastatin group and the control group. Participants in the pravastatin group received pravastatin (2 × 20 mg p.o) in addition to a standard regimen of aspirin (80 mg p.o) and calcium (1 g p.o), from 14 to 20 weeks until delivery. Blood samples to measure the various biomarkers were obtained in consecutive patients before starting the research medication and just before delivery (pre and post-test examination).
RESULT
The number of samples on the 2 time points for the various biomarkers was: VEGF: 38, IL-6: 30, ET-1: 38, and NO: 35. IL-6 levels decreased significantly in the pravastatin group (mean ± SD): (191.87 ± 82.99 vs. 151.85 + 48.46, = .013), while levels in the control group did not change significantly (median (interquartile range)) (144.17 (53.91) vs. 140.82 (16.18), = .177). ET-1 levels decreased significantly in the pravastatin group (3.64 ± 0.85 vs. 3.01 ± 0.74, = .006) while the control group had more or less stable levels (3.57 ± 1.12 vs. 3.78 ± 0.73 = .594). NO was the only serum marker that showed significant changes in both groups. NO levels increased in pravastatin group (11.30 (17.43) vs. 41.90 (53.18), = .044) and decreased in control group (38.70 (34.80) vs. 10.03 (26.96), = .002). VEGF levels appeared to follow opposite trends in the 2 groups (NS) (Pravastatin: 3.22 (0.62) vs. 3.28 (0.75), = .402. Control: 3.38 (0.83) vs. 3.06 (0.74), = .287).
CONCLUSION
Administration of 40 mg pravastatin resulted in an improvement in NO levels, and a decrease in IL-6 and endothelin (ET-1) levels. The direction of the effect of pravastatin on these biomarkers appears to underpin the potential for a beneficial effect of pravastatin in the prevention of preeclampsia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Cytokines; Interleukin-6; Pravastatin; Pre-Eclampsia; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 33522342
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1879785 -
Circulation May 2016We aimed to assess the long-term effects of treatment with statin therapy on all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cancer incidence from extended follow-up... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
We aimed to assess the long-term effects of treatment with statin therapy on all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cancer incidence from extended follow-up of the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial.
METHODS AND RESULTS
LIPID initially compared pravastatin and placebo over 6 years in 9014 patients with previous coronary heart disease. After the double-blind period, all patients were offered open-label statin therapy. Data were obtained over a further 10 years from 7721 patients, by direct contact for 2 years, by questionnaires thereafter, and from mortality and cancer registries. During extended follow-up, 85% assigned pravastatin and 84% assigned placebo took statin therapy. Patients assigned pravastatin maintained a significantly lower risk of death from coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR] 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97; P=0.009), from cardiovascular disease (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95; P=0.002), and from any cause (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97; absolute risk reduction, 2.6%; P=0.003).Cancer incidence was similar by original treatment group during the double-blind period (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.82-1.08; P=0.41), later follow-up (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.14; P=0.74), and overall (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08; P=0.83). There were no significant differences in cancer mortality, or in the incidence of organ-specific cancers. Cancer findings were confirmed in a meta-analysis with other large statin trials with extended follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
In LIPID, the absolute survival benefit from 6 years of pravastatin treatment appeared to be maintained for the next 10 years, with a similar risk of death among survivors in both groups after the initial period. Treatment with statins does not influence cancer or death from noncardiovascular causes during long-term follow-up.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pravastatin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Survival Rate; Time Factors
PubMed: 27016105
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018580 -
Vascular Pharmacology Apr 2021Uteroplacental vascular dysfunction, characterized by diminished uterine artery (UtA) blood flow in the second trimester is a clinically useful predictor of the further...
BACKGROUND
Uteroplacental vascular dysfunction, characterized by diminished uterine artery (UtA) blood flow in the second trimester is a clinically useful predictor of the further development of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. Efforts to develop effective treatments to protect pregnancies with abnormal UtA Dopplers would be of significant clinical benefit for mothers and their fetuses.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this pilot non randomized control study was to use pravastatin +L-arginine to improve uteroplacental haemodynamics and prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with abnormal Dopplers and high risk for developing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN
This study was performed between 2015 and 2018. All women received primary care at OB/GYN Polyclinic Jurisic and Narodni Front University Hospital, University of Belgrade Medical School, Serbia. Approval for investigational drug use was obtained and all women gave informed consent. 10 pregnant women with a poor obstetric history that developed uteroplacental dysfunction (UtA pulsatility index (PI) above the 95th percentile and notching) at 20.5 weeks IQR [17.7-22] gave consent to be treated daily with pravastatin (40 mg) and L-arginine (1.5 g) to improve placental blood flow and pregnancy outcomes. 5 women remained untreated after diagnosis at 21 weeks [20-22] (control group). Due to presence of risk factors for pregnancy complications, close maternal and fetal monitoring was undertaken in all patients. Doppler examinations were performed to monitor changes in placental vascular resistance and fetal well-being and growth.
RESULTS
PRAV+L-arginine improved uteroplacental haemodynamics, increased fetal growth and prevented early onset preeclampsia leading to delivery close to term (delivery date: median 38 weeks, IQR[36.5-39]) and appropriate weight for gestational age compared to controls, in which placental blood flow did not improve and 2 women developed severe early onset preeclampsia. Neonates from the control group were born preterm (25 weeks IQR[23.5-25]), growth restricted and spent several months at NICU. Two neonates died due to prematurity-associated complications. PRAV+L-arginine treatment prolonged pregnancies for 4.1 months, compared to 26 days in the untreated group, preventing neonatal complications associated with prematurity. The infants are now 1-3 years old and show normal growth and development.
CONCLUSION
This study describes the successful management with pravastatin+L-arginine of 10 pregnant patients with uteroplacental vascular dysfunction and high risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A larger study is being organized to confirm these observations.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Live Birth; Pilot Projects; Placental Circulation; Placental Insufficiency; Pravastatin; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33249273
DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106824 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Aug 2023Preeclampsia, especially before term, increases the risk of child neurodevelopmental adverse outcomes. Biological plausibility, preclinical studies, and pilot clinical...
BACKGROUND
Preeclampsia, especially before term, increases the risk of child neurodevelopmental adverse outcomes. Biological plausibility, preclinical studies, and pilot clinical trials conducted by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Centers Network support the safety and use of pravastatin to prevent preeclampsia.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the effect of antenatal pravastatin treatment in high-risk pregnant individuals on their child's health, growth, and neurodevelopment.
STUDY DESIGN
This was an ancillary follow-up cohort study of children born to mothers who participated in the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Centers Network pilot trials of pravastatin vs placebo in individuals at high risk of preeclampsia (ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier NCT01717586). After obtaining written informed consent (and assent as appropriate), the parent was instructed to complete the Child Behavior Checklist. To assess the child's motor, cognitive, and developmental outcomes, a certified and blinded study psychologist completed child motor, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral assessments using validated tools. Given the small number of individuals in the studies, the 10- and 20-mg pravastatin groups were combined into 1 group, and the results of the pravastatin group were compared with that of the placebo group.
RESULTS
Of 40 children born to mothers in the original trial, 30 (15 exposed in utero to pravastatin and 15 to placebo) were enrolled in this follow-up study. The time of follow-up, which was 4.7 years (interquartile range, 2.5-6.9), was not different between children in the pravastatin group and children in the placebo group. There was no difference in the child's body mass index percentiles per sex and corrected age, the rates of extremes of body mass index percentiles, or the report of any other medical or developmental complications between the 2 groups. No child born in the pravastatin group had any limitation in motor assessment compared with 2 children (13.3%) who walked with difficulty and 4 children (26.7%) who had reduced manual abilities in the placebo group. Moreover, children born to mothers who received pravastatin had a higher general mean conceptual ability score (98.2±16.7 vs 89.7±11.0; P=.13) and a lower frequency (15.4% vs 35.7%; P=.38) of having a score of <85 (ie, 1 standard deviation lower than the mean) compared with those in the placebo group. Finally, there was no difference in the parents' report on the Child Behavior Checklist between the 2 groups.
CONCLUSION
This study reported on the long-term neuromotor, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes among children exposed to pravastatin in utero during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Although the data were limited by the original trial's sample size, no identifiable long-term neurodevelopmental safety signal was evident with the use of pravastatin during pregnancy. This favorable neonatal risk-benefit analysis justifies continued research using pravastatin in clinical trials.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Mothers; Parturition; Pravastatin; Pre-Eclampsia; Male
PubMed: 36842489
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.016 -
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Mar 2022Recent in vitro studies demonstrated that dasatinib inhibits organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), and organic anion...
Prediction of drug-drug interaction potential mediated by transporters between dasatinib and metformin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.
PURPOSE
Recent in vitro studies demonstrated that dasatinib inhibits organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/1B3 (OATP1B1/1B3). We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to assess drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential between dasatinib and known substrates for these transporters in a virtual population.
METHODS
The dasatinib PBPK model was constructed using Simcyp Simulator by combining its physicochemical properties, in vitro data, in silico predictions, and pharmacokinetic (PK) results from clinical studies. Model validation against three independent clinical trials not used for model development included dasatinib DDI studies with ketoconazole, rifampin, and simvastatin. The validated model was used to simulate DDIs of dasatinib and known substrates for OCT2 and MATEs (metformin) and OATP1B1/1B3 (pravastatin and rosuvastatin).
RESULTS
Simulations of metformin PK in the presence and absence of dasatinib, using inhibitor constant (K) values measured in vitro, produced estimated geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the maximum observed concentration (C) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 1.05 and 1.06, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed metformin exposure increased < 30% in both AUC and C when dasatinib K was reduced by tenfold for OCT2 and MATEs simultaneously, and < 40% with a 20-fold K reduction. The estimated GMRs of C and AUC for pravastatin and rosuvastatin with co-administration of dasatinib were unity (1.00).
CONCLUSIONS
This PBPK model accurately described the observed PK profiles of dasatinib. The validated PBPK model predicts low risk of clinically significant DDIs between dasatinib and metformin, pravastatin, or rosuvastatin.
Topics: Dasatinib; Drug Interactions; Humans; Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; Metformin; Models, Biological; Pravastatin; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3
PubMed: 35147740
DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04394-z -
Pregnancy Hypertension Apr 2020There is avid interest in pravastatin as a therapeutic intervention for pre-eclampsia, however little is known on statin action on endothelial dysfunction. This study... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
There is avid interest in pravastatin as a therapeutic intervention for pre-eclampsia, however little is known on statin action on endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of pravastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin to reduce pre-eclampsia-associated markers of endothelial dysfunction in human endothelial cells.
STUDY DESIGN
Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and uterine microvascular cells (UtMVs) were isolated and treated with 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 µM pravastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin for 24 h, either with or without pre-treatment with TNF-α to induce endothelial dysfunction.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Cell viability (MTS) assays were performed and cells were visually inspected. Expression of endothelial dysfunction markers, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were assessed by qPCR (n=3). Intracellular VCAM-1 protein was examined by Western Blotting (n=5). ET-1 and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) protein secretion was assessed by ELISA in HUVEC conditioned media (n=3).
RESULTS
High doses of simvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly compromised HUVEC survival. 200 µM simvastatin significantly reduced UtMV survival. Abnormal cell structure was observed with these doses and thus were excluded from further analysis. The statins did not mitigate TNF-α induced ET-1 or VCAM-1 expression in either HUVECs or UtMVs, nor VCAM-1 protein expression in HUVECs. 0.2 µM pravastatin and simvastatin significantly reduced ET-1 and sFLT-1 protein secretion.
CONCLUSIONS
Pravastatin significantly reduced secretion of both ET-1 and sFLT-1, key mediators of endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, pravastatin had no toxic effects, in contrast to rosuvastatin and simvastatin. This further supports selection of pravastatin for clinical applications to combat pre-eclampsia.
Topics: Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Pravastatin; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Simvastatin; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
PubMed: 32199147
DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.03.004