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Journal of Human Hypertension Jan 2019The association between pre-hypertension (pre-HTN) and subclinical carotid damage is poorly defined. We performed a meta-analysis of ultrasonographic studies assessing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The association between pre-hypertension (pre-HTN) and subclinical carotid damage is poorly defined. We performed a meta-analysis of ultrasonographic studies assessing carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in untreated pre-HTN subjects. The OVID-MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for English-language articles without time restriction up to February 2018 through focused, high sensitive search strategies. Studies were identified by crossing the following search terms: "pre-hypertension", "high normal blood pressure", "carotid intima-media thickness", "carotid atherosclerosis", "ultrasonography". Overall, 7645 subjects (3374 normotensive, 1936 untreated pre-HTN, and 2335 HTN individuals) of both genders were included in seven studies. In the pooled study population, common carotid IMT showed a progressive increase from normotensive (723 ± 39 µm) to pre-HTN (779 ± 45 µm) (standardized mean difference, SMD 0.36 ± 0.08, CI 0.34-0.46, p < 0.0001) and to HTN subjects (858 ± 82 µm) (SMD 0.39 ± 0.07, CI 0.26-0.54, p = 0.002 vs. pre-HT). The statistical difference did not change after correction for publication bias and was not affected by a single study effect. Our meta-analysis shows that carotid IMT in pre-HTN subjects is intermediate between normotensive and HTN individuals. These findings support the view that pre-HTN is an unfavourable condition that should be properly managed in order to prevent vascular damage.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Humans; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30242246
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0114-6 -
JAMA Network Open Feb 2024Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is highly important.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Tai Chi vs aerobic exercise in patients with prehypertension.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 25, 2019, and January 24, 2022, at 2 tertiary public hospitals in China. Participants included 342 adults aged 18 to 65 years with prehypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg.
INTERVENTIONS
Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a Tai Chi group (n = 173) or an aerobic exercise group (n = 169). Both groups performed four 60-minute supervised sessions per week for 12 months.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was SBP at 12 months obtained in the office setting. Secondary outcomes included SBP at 6 months and DBP at 6 and 12 months obtained in the office setting and 24-hour ambulatory BP at 12 months.
RESULTS
Of the 1189 patients screened, 342 (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [11.9] years; 166 men [48.5%] and 176 women [51.5%]) were randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups: 173 to Tai Chi and 169 to aerobic exercise. At 12 months, the change in office SBP was significantly different between groups by -2.40 (95% CI, -4.39 to -0.41) mm Hg (P = .02), with a mean (SD) change of -7.01 (10.12) mm Hg in the Tai Chi group vs -4.61 (8.47) mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group. The analysis of office SBP at 6 months yielded similar results (-2.31 [95% CI, -3.94 to -0.67] mm Hg; P = .006). Additionally, 24-hour ambulatory SBP (-2.16 [95% CI, -3.84 to -0.47] mm Hg; P = .01) and nighttime ambulatory SBP (-4.08 [95% CI, -6.59 to -1.57] mm Hg; P = .002) were significantly reduced in the Tai Chi group compared with the aerobic exercise group.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study including patients with prehypertension, a 12-month Tai Chi intervention was more effective than aerobic exercise in reducing SBP. These findings suggest that Tai Chi may help promote the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations with prehypertension.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900024368.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Prehypertension; Prospective Studies; Tai Ji; Adolescent; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38335001
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54937 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Dec 2015Even though several studies have implicated the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease, there are only limited studies... (Review)
Review
Even though several studies have implicated the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease, there are only limited studies about inflammatory markers in prehypertension. The objective of the present article was to review the role of markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and sialic acid in prehypertension. An extensive literature search was made in Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) using phrases such as prehypertension, inflammation, C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease, cytokines and sialic acid. Several investigators have reported increased inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and sialic acid in prehypertension indicating the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of prehypertension and its complications. Elevated inflammatory markers may enhance the risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with prehypertension.
Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Prehypertension; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 26525963
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.022 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Oct 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 34709292
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210702 -
West African Journal of Medicine Jul 2021Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been found to track from childhood to adulthood with long term cardiovascular and renal complications....
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been found to track from childhood to adulthood with long term cardiovascular and renal complications. Hence early detection and control in children and adolescents is crucial. This study was conceived to add to the body of evidence on the blood pressure pattern; the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among primary and secondary school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
METHODS
A total of 1,117 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years were recruited into this study from 16 schools (10 primary and 6 secondary schools in Port Harcourt) using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. The average of three blood pressure measurements was taken by the auscultatory method using the standard technique. The weight and height of the subjects were measured using a weighing scale and stadiometer respectively and body mass index (BMI) for age and sex obtained. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.
RESULTS
The overall mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of subjects was 98.6±9.8mmHg while the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 57.2±8.8mmHg. The females had a significantly higher SBP than males (p<0.01), there was however no significant gender difference in the DBP. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects showed a gradual increase with age. Fifty-one (4.3%) subjects had prehypertension (elevated blood pressure) while 52(4.4%) had hypertension. Majority of the hypertensive patients (92.3%) had stage 1 hypertension while 7.7% had stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension was more prevalent in females than males (p<0.001) and overweight/obese children compared to the normal weight and underweight children (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents is high with overweight and obesity being associated risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nigeria; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34331050
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Human Hypertension Sep 2022Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to obtain an overall regional estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to obtain an overall regional estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and present the disease pattern based on the age and time in the Middle East region. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline for articles on the prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension among countries of the Middle East region from 1999 to 2019. STATA-14 was used to analyze the data. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I test and subgroup analysis. A total of eighty-three studies with 479816 participants met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis process. The overall prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region were 24.36% (95% CI: 19.06-31.14) and 28. 60% (95% CI: 24.19-33.80), respectively. An increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The prevalence of hypertension in the ≤ 49-year-old age group was 17.13% (95% CI: 13.79-21.27) and in people over 60 years was 61.24% (95% CI: 55.30-67.81) (P < 0.001). This pattern has been similar among both males and females. On the other hand, a decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension with age are significant concerns in the Middle East region. Screening for the prevention and control of hypertension should prioritize public health programs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Prehypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 35031669
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00647-9 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Nov 2022Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
BACKGROUND
Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
AIMS
To determine the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and abnormal heart rate and their risk factors in a multiethnic, low-income area of Lahore.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban settlement of Lahore in 2018-2019. Eligible participants were aged ≥ 30 years and resident in selected settlements. We used a modified World Health Organization stepwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of 906 residents. The modified questionnaire had a Cronbach alpha of 80.0%. Participants were interviewed in their homes and their height, weight, heart rate, and hip circumference were measured.
RESULTS
Most of the respondents were women (64.5%). The greatest proportion of the participants were aged 30-39 years (42.4%). Of all the respondents, 40.1% had hypertension, 15.8% had diabetes and 17.0% had ischaemic heart disease. Of the risk factors examined, 68.8% of the respondents were overweight or obese, 37.0% had pre-hypertension, 13.6% used tobacco, and 1.8% used alcohol. Age was the most significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Body mass index was significantly associated with diabetes in women, while family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes in men.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was higher among our study participants in Lahore than reported in the national statistics. Significant proportions of the respondents had pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes, making them vulnerable to serious complications of hypertension and diabetes.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prehypertension; Pakistan; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36515443
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.083 -
Current Hypertension Reports Jan 2016More than a simple "transitional stage" defined by covenanted cut points of systolic pressure from 120 to 139 mm of mercury (mm Hg) or a diastolic pressure from 80 to... (Review)
Review
More than a simple "transitional stage" defined by covenanted cut points of systolic pressure from 120 to 139 mm of mercury (mm Hg) or a diastolic pressure from 80 to 89 mm Hg, prehypertension should be referred to as a categorical term that defines a specific phenotype in the progression from the "absence of disease" to clinically overt disease. While the currently utilized definition of prehypertension stresses the use of blood pressure cut points to establish the diagnosis, it is of relevance to direct our attention to the structural and functional hemodynamic alterations that occur in response to the two cardinal abnormalities in the development of prehypertension and hypertension: autonomic dysfunction and arterial remodeling. Our current review addresses these aspects of the pathophysiology or prehypertension on its progression to hypertension and suggests a new approach to its classification.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Disease Progression; Genotype; Heart Diseases; Humans; Phenotype; Prehypertension
PubMed: 26694821
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0611-8 -
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2020The incidence of prehypertension (blood pressure 120-139 and/or 80-89 mm Hg) in young adults worldwide ranges from ~37.5% to 77.1%. Identifying high-risk groups of... (Review)
Review
The incidence of prehypertension (blood pressure 120-139 and/or 80-89 mm Hg) in young adults worldwide ranges from ~37.5% to 77.1%. Identifying high-risk groups of prehypertension in young adults is helpful for early and effective interventions and treatments to reduce the occurrence of future hypertension and organ damage. This review summarized the epidemiological characteristics, disease intervention measures, and disease progression characteristics of prehypertension to provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention measures for young adults with prehypertension.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Diet, Healthy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Life Style; Male; Obesity; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32114593
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.3.24998 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2022Hypertension, also referred to as the silent killer, is known to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the world today. This study aimed to identify the...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension, also referred to as the silent killer, is known to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the world today. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension among Algerian population.
METHODS
This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study involving individuals aged 18 to 69 years old who were identified in the database of the national survey on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors conducted in Algeria between 2016 and 2017 using the World Health Organization's (WHO) STEPwise approach. Differences in prevalence between normotensives, prehypertensives and hypertensives were assessed using the chi-square test. We also looked at the role of numerous socio-demographic, economic, geographical, and behavioural factors in blood pressure status using a logistic regression model.
RESULTS
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 36.2% (95% confidence interval: 35.2-37.5%) and 31.6% (95% CI: 30.5-32.7%) respectively. Prehypertension was shown to be substantially higher in males than in women, while hypertension was found to be higher in females compared to men. In addition, both sexes had a rise in the prevalence of blood pressure as they grew older. A according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the main common risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension were ageing, obesity, and abdominal obesity. Moreover hypercholesterolemia, and marital status (separated/divorced) were correlated to hypertension.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertension and hypertension are high and epidemic in Algeria. Therefore, the urgent quantification and monitoring of their risk factors becomes a necessity to plan appropriate preventive measures, in order to fight against NCDs in general.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algeria; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 35982441
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13942-y