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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2020The intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent...
The intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In ANCOVA, the CA characteristics of PHT were significantly different from normotensive. The odds ratios (ORs) of IMTmax, LDmax, LDmin, peak-systolic FV (PFV), end-diastolic FV (EFV), PFV/LDmin, EFV/LDmax, compliance, and β-stiffness of PHT were 4.20, 2.70, 3.52, 2.41, 3.06, 3.55, 3.29, 2.02, and 1.84 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively, in Model 2. In Model 3 adjusted for age, the ORs of LDmax, LDmin, EFV, PFV/LDmin, and EFV/LDmax of PHT were 2.10, 2.55, 1.96, 2.20, and 2.04 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively. Therefore, the present study revealed that CAD is closely correlated with pre-hypertensive status in adults.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33096848
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207686 -
Journal of Human Hypertension May 2022Hypertension (HTN) is an important cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and incidence...
Hypertension (HTN) is an important cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and incidence rate of pre-HTN, diagnosed and undiagnosed HTN, as well as its control and associated factors in adult population in southeast Iran. In a randomized household survey, 9987 participants aged 15-80 years were recruited into the study. HTN was confirmed through examination or using antihypertensive drug(s). Pre-HTN and HTN were defined as 120-139/80-89 and ≥140/90 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. The prevalence of pre-HTN was 28.5%. The prevalence of HTN was 19.2% (13.9% diagnosed and 5.3% undiagnosed). HTN increased with age (from 4% in 15-24 to 67.8% in 75-80 years). Men had higher pre-HTN (35.6% vs. 23.4%) and undiagnosed HTN (7.5% vs. 3.8%) than women. Of those diagnosed, 46.5% had uncontrolled BP, in which, women had better conditions than men (45.6% vs. 47.4%). Obesity, positive family history of HTN, anxiety, and low physical activity were the most significant predictors of HTN. The prevalence of pre-HTN decreased but there was no change in the prevalence of HTN during the last 5 years. The 5-year incidence rate/100 person-years of pre-HTN and HTN was 6.6 and 3.7, respectively. Although there are some promising signs of reducing pre-HTN and slowing HTN rise, currently, almost one-fifth of the adult population suffers from HTN. Given the poor BP control in patients with diagnosed HTN, especially in men, alarms that more effective interventions and strategies are needed to reduce deleterious consequences of HTN.
Topics: Adult; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Iran; Male; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32929131
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00392-5 -
European Journal of Neurology Mar 2015Since it has remained unclear whether arterial pre-hypertension is a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, potential associations between arterial pre-hypertension...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Since it has remained unclear whether arterial pre-hypertension is a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, potential associations between arterial pre-hypertension and intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS) were assessed.
METHODS
The population-based Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community Study was a sub-study of employees and retirees of the coal mining industry in China. Our study examined asymptomatic polyvascular abnormalities in a general population and with an age of 40+ years without history of stroke, transient ischaemic attacks and coronary heart disease. ICAS was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler sonography and was defined by peak flow velocity criteria; ECAS was diagnosed by carotid duplex sonography and was defined by the diameter of the common carotid artery or internal carotid artery.
RESULTS
Out of 4422 study participants, 711 (16.1%) subjects showed an asymptomatic ICAS and 292 (6.6%) showed an asymptomatic ECAS. After adjusting for relevant risk factors, higher prevalence of ICAS was significantly associated with higher prevalence of pre-hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11, 2.16; P = 0.010] and hypertension (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.53, 2.11; P < 0.001). Stratified by gender, the association was stronger for men than for women. Asymptomatic ECAS was not significantly associated with the prevalence of pre-hypertension (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.55, 1.10) or of hypertension (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.91, 1.24).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that arterial pre-hypertension in addition to hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of asymptomatic ICAS, more in men.
Topics: Aged; China; Constriction, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Intracranial Arterial Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 25516072
DOI: 10.1111/ene.12611 -
Annales de Cardiologie Et D'angeiologie Jun 2018There are insufficient researches aimed at evaluating biochemical markers of mechanisms of formation of AH and lesion of target organs in hypertension and...
OBJECTIVE
There are insufficient researches aimed at evaluating biochemical markers of mechanisms of formation of AH and lesion of target organs in hypertension and prehypertension. The aim of that research was to study the level of endothelial dysfunction markers and damage to the cardiovascular system in hypertension and prehypertension.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed among 938 people aged 18 to 65 years. All respondents were surveyed, blood pressure measured, for glucose, cholesterol, interleukin-6, sFAS, LIGHT, hFABP, NT-ProBNP and an Endocan concentrations were tested. Depending on the level of blood pressure participants were splitted into groups with normotension, prehypertension and hypertension.
RESULTS
Comparing the markers of inflammation, apoptosis and target organ damage in the prehypertensive group, the level of the LIGHT protein was Me=265.2pg/ml (Q-Q: 197.7-444.3), in the control group - Me=251.1pg/ml (Q-Q: 176.6-376.6), the Endocan level was Me=660.6pg/ml (Q-Q: 419.6-867.4) and in the control group Me=587.5pg/ml (Q-Q: 401.9-838.1). In the AH group, the level of the LIGHT Me=273.1pg/ml (Q-Q: 195.1-455.2), Endocan Me=668.2pg/ml (Q-Q: 434.8-977.3), heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein Me=2233.1pg/ml (Q-Q: 1518.4-3391.1) exceeded the control group.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the development of prehypertension and hypertension is characterized by an increase in the activity of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction and damage to target organs, more expressed in the presence of hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Young Adult
PubMed: 29786510
DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.04.023 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Jan 2019In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a new clinical practice guideline for defining hypertension in children as an update to the previous Fourth Report...
In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a new clinical practice guideline for defining hypertension in children as an update to the previous Fourth Report guidelines issued in 2004. Prevalence of confirmed pediatric hypertension in children has ranged from 2% to 4% based on previous guidelines yet it is unknown what the prevalence is under the new guideline. We estimated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, stage 1, and stage 2 hypertension by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline in our school-based blood pressure screening program. New prevalence estimates were compared with Fourth Report prevalence estimates in the same population by sex, age, and height factors. In 22 224 students aged 10 to 17 years screened in school as part of the Houston Pediatric and Hypertension Program at the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (previously called prehypertension) increased from 14.8% by Fourth Report to 16.3% by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline. This increase in elevated blood pressure resulted from differential classification changes in younger and older children. Prevalence of confirmed hypertension remains at 2% to 4% in this population, however shorter children <13 years old and taller, older children 13+ years old are systematically more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension by new guidelines.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Pediatrics; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 30571555
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11673 -
PloS One 2023Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk...
Hypertension (HTN) stands as the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and premature death globally. Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of HTN. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pre-hypertension (pre-HTN), HTN, and its risk factors in adults participating in the Zahedan adult cohort study (ZACS). This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of the ZACS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors. Among the 10,016 participants in this study, 60.89% were women, with an average age of 50.44 ± 9.18 years. The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 42.03% (men 45.44%, women 39.84%) and 18.47% (men 21.09%, women 16.79%), respectively. Being male, older age, having higher socioeconomic status (SES), being overweight and obese, having a family history of HTN, comorbidities such as diabetes and CVD, as well as abnormal blood lipid levels (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) were the most significant predictors of pre-HTN and HTN. These findings highlight that more than half of the participants in this study exhibit pre-HTN or HTN, placing them at risk for CVD and stroke. Implementing comprehensive preventive strategies tailored to these identified risk factors is imperative to alleviate the disease burden, enhance disease management, and improve HTN treatment and control.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cohort Studies; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Iran; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38060532
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295270 -
Current Hypertension Reviews 2016The article represents literature review and provides evidence for psychological stress to play essential role in the development of arterial hypertension. The... (Review)
Review
The article represents literature review and provides evidence for psychological stress to play essential role in the development of arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex with a significant diversity and variability of the mechanisms involved in individual patient. In this regard, the determination of specific pathogenic pathways underlying sustained blood pressure elevation in each patient would substantially individualize therapeutic approaches, and hence increase the effectiveness of treatment. Psychological stress is proposed as a significant factor contributing to the development of hypertension. Global urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, daily stress at workplace, lack of physical activity and social support lead to increased anxiety, uncertainty, and finally to chronic mental and emotional stress. This review provides information about alterations in neuroendocrine and immune systems as the main pathogenic pathways linking psychological stress and hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction is considered not only as a consequence but also a primary factor causing prohypertensive state. Moreover, physical inactivity is discussed as one of the plausible mechanisms playing a key role in the development of hypertension in modern lifestyle conditions. Particularly the loss of connection between psychosocial strain and physical activity may underlie the deleterious effect of stress on cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Topics: Anxiety; Essential Hypertension; Humans; Prehypertension; Sedentary Behavior; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Urbanization; Workplace
PubMed: 28034357
DOI: 10.2174/1573402112666161230121622 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy...
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young adults between the ages of 19 and under 45, excluding those with a diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medications. Of the 2225 participants, the normotensive group was 1498 (67.3%) and the pre-hypertensive group 727 (32.7%). Determinants of pre-hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression based on a complex sample design. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels. Pre-hypertension is a pre-stage that can prevent the morbidity of hypertension through lifestyle control, so its management is very important. Furthermore, a young adult is a stage in the growth and development of human beings, in which lifestyles such as healthy behaviors, eating habits, and exercise are fixed. Therefore, it is very important to improve lifestyles such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation and to control risk factors in young adults who are at the pre-hypertension stage for health promotion. Continuous health examinations should be conducted for young adults, and education that can be practiced based on clinical data through this should be implemented for community health.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Nutrition Surveys; Prehypertension; Republic of Korea; Young Adult
PubMed: 34501734
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179144 -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2023Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a higher risk of developing elevated arterial blood pressure. There are limited studies in Ethiopia regarding this topic and thus this study determined the prevalence and determinant factors of occupational noise-induced pre-hypertension among metal manufacturing workers in Gondar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out. In this study, 300 study participants were recruited by census sampling method. A sound level meter was used to measure the working area noise level. A semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. Blood pressure was measured in a quiet room in the morning using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with noise-induced prehypertension. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported, and variables with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically associated factors with pre-hypertension.
RESULTS
The prevalence of noise-induced pre-hypertension was 27.7% (95% CI: 22.7-32.7). In multivariable logistic regression, working area noise level (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 6.8-8.9), 45-65 years' age (AOR = 9.8, 95% CI: 5.4-12.9), years of work experience ((6-10 years (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.98-5.90 and >10 years (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 7.8-9.75)), being a cigarette smoker (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.36-9.77), and alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.06-1.04) were significantly associated with noise-induced prehypertension.
CONCLUSION
Workers in metal manufactures who were exposed to noise levels >85 dB developed elevated blood pressure. The odds of having prehypertension were increased by years of work experience, advanced age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our findings recommended that the real-world preventive strategies should be taken to lower the risk of noise-induced pre-hypertension hastened by occupational noise exposure.
Topics: Humans; Prehypertension; Noise, Occupational; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36687313
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S392876 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Oct 2017Systemic hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in childhood can potentially have a...
INTRODUCTION
Systemic hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in childhood can potentially have a significant impact on future adverse outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship of diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with anthropometric data and area of residence of children in municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study of 709 children between six and nine years of age. Blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Statistical tests had a maximum significance level of 5% (p≤0.05) and the software used was SPSS version 13.0.
RESULTS
Obesity was significantly associated with pre-hypertension, and stage 1 and 2 hypertension as assessed by DBP and SBP (≤0.05); high WC was significantly associated with a classification of pre-hypertension and stage 1 hypertension based on DBP and a classification of stage 1 and 2 hypertension based on SBP (≤0.01).
CONCLUSION
Children living in urban areas had significantly higher mean SBP than those living in rural areas. Those with high WC presented higher SBP and DBP compared to children with normal WC. Obese children showed higher mean SBP and DBP compared to those who were overweight or normal weight and mean SBP and DBP also increased with older age and higher mean body mass index and WC.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Brazil; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29054491
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.12.013