-
Allergology International : Official... Apr 2018Solar irradiation affects sensitization to aeroallergens and the prevalence of allergic diseases. Little is known, however, about how the time and amount of solar...
BACKGROUND
Solar irradiation affects sensitization to aeroallergens and the prevalence of allergic diseases. Little is known, however, about how the time and amount of solar irradiation during pregnancy affects such risks in children. We aimed to find out how solar irradiation during pregnancy affects sensitization to aero-allergens and the prevalence of allergic diseases in children.
METHODS
This population-based cross-sectional study involved 7301 aged 6 years and aged 12 years children. Maternal exposure to solar irradiation during pregnancy was evaluated using data from weather stations closest to each child's birthplace. Monthly average solar irradiation during the second and third trimesters was calculated with rank by quartiles. Risks of allergic sensitization and allergic disease were estimated.
RESULTS
Relative to the first (lowest) quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for allergic sensitization in the fourth (highest) quartile was lowest within solar irradiation during pregnancy months 5-6 (aOR = 0.823, 95% CI 0.720-0.942, p < 0.05). During months 9-10, the aOR for allergic sensitization for the fourth was higher than the first quartile of solar irradiation (aOR = 1.167, 95% CI 1.022-1.333, p < 0.05). Similar results were observed when solar irradiation was analyzed as a continuous variable during months 5 (aOR = 0.975, 95% CI 0.962-0.989, p < 0.001) and month 9 (aOR = 1.018, 95% CI 1.004-1.031, p = 0.003). Increased solar irradiation during months 7-8 increased the risk of asthma (aOR = 1.309, 95% CI 1.024-1.674, p = 0.032).
CONCLUSIONS
Maternal exposure to solar irradiation during the second trimester of pregnancy associated with reduced aeroallergen sensitization, whereas solar irradiation during the third trimester was related to increased sensitization to aeroallergens.
Topics: Adult; Child; Climate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prevalence; Republic of Korea; Sunlight
PubMed: 28882557
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.007 -
Nursing & Health Sciences Mar 2024It is recommended that pregnant women be physically active to promote maternal and child health. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of physical inactivity and...
It is recommended that pregnant women be physically active to promote maternal and child health. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of physical inactivity and its modifiable predictors in the three trimesters in Chinese pregnant women. Four hundred forty-four pregnant women completed the Pregnant Physical Activity Questionnaire in the first, second, and third trimesters. The prevalence of physical inactivity reached its highest (66.2%) in the first trimester and lowest (19.4%) in the second trimester. Pregnant women with inadequate physical activity knowledge and low self-efficacy were at higher risk for physical inactivity. Monitoring physical inactivity could be incorporated into antenatal care and start from the first trimester. Prenatal care professionals should take action to increase pregnant women's physical activity self-efficacy and knowledge to enhance their physical activity.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Pregnant Women; Sedentary Behavior; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimesters
PubMed: 38356050
DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13086 -
American Journal of Perinatology Jan 2019We aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the second and third...
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a case-control study of PAS and controls. hCG-H was measured in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in women with pathologically confirmed cases of PAS and in gestational age-matched controls without PAS. We compared serum hCG-H levels in cases and controls, calculated summary statistics for diagnostic accuracy, and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to define an optimal cut-point for diagnosis of PAS using hCG-H.
RESULTS
Thirty case samples and 30 control samples were evaluated for hCG-H. Mean hCG-H was lower in the case compared with control group (7.8 ± 5.9 μg/L vs. 11.8 ± 8.8 μg/L, = 0.03). At an optimal cut-point for hCG-H of ≤7.6 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, and area under the ROC curve were 66.7%, 69.7%, 2.20%, 0.48%, and 0.68%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Hyperglycosylated hCG levels in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were lower in patients with PAS than in controls, but hCG-H showed only modest capability as a diagnostic test for PAS.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Correlation of Data; Female; Glycosylation; Humans; Placenta Accreta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 29490399
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636501 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Oct 2020Some disinfection by-products (DBPs) are reproductive and developmental toxicants in laboratory animals. However, studies of trimester-specific DBP exposure on adverse...
BACKGROUND
Some disinfection by-products (DBPs) are reproductive and developmental toxicants in laboratory animals. However, studies of trimester-specific DBP exposure on adverse birth outcomes in humans are inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
We examined whether trimester-specific blood and urinary biomarkers of DBP were associated with small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth.
METHODS
A total of 4,086 blood and 3,951 urine samples were collected across pregnancy trimesters among 1,660 mothers from Xiaogan City, China. Blood samples were quantified for biomarkers of trihalomethanes (THMs): chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. Urine samples were quantified for biomarkers of haloacetic acids (HAA): dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Birth outcomes were abstracted at delivery from medical records. We used Poisson regression models with log link functions to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SGA, LBW, and preterm birth across tertiles (or categories) of DBP biomarker concentrations measured across pregnancy trimesters. We also examined the relative exposure differences across gestation comparing adverse outcomes with normal births using mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
Blood TCM concentrations in the second trimester were associated with an elevated risk of SGA comparing middle vs. lowest (RR, 2.34; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.35) and highest vs. lowest (RR, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.58) exposure groups. Third-trimester blood TCM concentrations were also associated with an increased risk of SGA comparing the second tertile with the first (RR, 2.61; 95% CI: 1.15, 5.92). We found that maternal blood TCM concentrations were significantly higher for SGA compared with non-SGA births across the period from 23 to 34 wk gestation. Other blood and urinary DBP biomarkers examined were unrelated to SGA, LBW, or preterm birth.
CONCLUSION
Blood TCM concentrations in mid to late pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of SGA, whereas other biomarkers of DBPs examined across pregnancy were not associated with birth outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7195.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; China; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Obstetric Labor Complications; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy Trimesters; Premature Birth; Trihalomethanes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 33026246
DOI: 10.1289/EHP7195 -
Gait & Posture Sep 2018Pregnancy-related changes in walking speed, gait dynamics, and total physical activity have been reported in past research, but free-living step cadences and their rates...
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-related changes in walking speed, gait dynamics, and total physical activity have been reported in past research, but free-living step cadences and their rates of change across pregnancy have not been studied.
RESEARCH QUESTION
The purpose of this study was to describe free-living stepping cadence in pregnant women and examine differences between second and third trimester women. We hypothesized that physical activity walking cadences would be lower later in pregnancy.
METHODS
Fifty pregnant women were recruited for this study and n = 45 was the analytic sample size; 46.7% were in their second trimester (13-25 weeks) while 53.3% were third trimester (≥26 weeks). Participants completed a survey of demographic characteristics and wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 7-8 days. These accelerometer data were downloaded in 60-sec epochs, allowing for determination of min-by-min walking cadence, defined as steps/min. Mean steps/day, mean cadence, peak cadence (average cadence over the 30 min of highest cadence in each day), mean time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA, time spent with cadence ≥100 steps/min), and mean daily time spent in several cadence ranges were calculated for each participant. Between-trimester differences were determined using independent-samples t-tests.
RESULTS
Average daily steps were 11,060.1 ± 2,955.3; 66.7% of second trimester and 54.2% of third trimester women met daily step recommendations of 10,000 steps/day, but 0.0% of the sample accumulated the recommended 150 min/wk of MVPA. There were no differences by trimester for cadence at any step rates (p > 0.05).
SIGNIFICANCE
Overall, pregnant women accumulated high numbers of steps per day but at low cadences; neither daily steps nor cadence varied from second to third trimester. These data suggest that steps and MVPA recommendations are not equivalent and therefore should not be used interchangeably, especially during pregnancy.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Alabama; Female; Gait; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Surveys and Questionnaires; Walking; Walking Speed
PubMed: 30558952
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.06.175 -
European Journal of Sport Science 2016The aim of this study was to investigate changes in physical activity across pregnancy and the relationship between trimester-specific physical activity and unplanned... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in physical activity across pregnancy and the relationship between trimester-specific physical activity and unplanned caesarean sections (CSs). A cohort study design was carried out. A cohort of 150 pregnant women was established when they received prenatal care at 29-40 weeks of gestation at a medical centre in northern Taiwan. Participants were asked to recall the amounts of physical activity in which they had engaged in the three trimesters as assessed by the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Overall self-reported physical activity for the cohort decreased by 31% in the first trimester compared to the pre-gravid period, then increased in the second trimester and remained stable until delivery. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data and revealed significantly more physical activity during the second trimester than in the first and third trimesters (F = 36.471, P = 0.000). In addition, there was a significant difference between normal spontaneous delivery and unplanned CS groups (F = 4.770, P = 0.031). Logistic regression determined that the odds ratio of undergoing a CS increased by 0.644 (95% confidence interval: 0.429-0.968) for women in the third trimester who performed low levels of physical activity. Results support the benefits of physical activity, and professionals are encouraged to provide pregnant women with information on recommendations for physical activity, particularly in terms of reducing unplanned CSs.
Topics: Adult; Cesarean Section; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 25837804
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1028468 -
Pediatric Obesity Mar 2020To describe total and trimester-specific gestational weight gain (GWG) among low-income Hispanic women and determine whether these GWG exposures are associated with...
OBJECTIVE
To describe total and trimester-specific gestational weight gain (GWG) among low-income Hispanic women and determine whether these GWG exposures are associated with infant anthropometric outcomes at birth and 6 months.
STUDY DESIGN
Data were from 448 mother-infant pairs enrolled in the Starting Early child obesity prevention trial. Prenatal weights were used to calculate total GWG and 2 and 3 trimester GWG rates (kg/week) and categorized as inadequate, adequate, and excessive according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions estimated associations of infant anthropometric outcomes (birthweight, small-for-gestational age [SGA], large-for-gestational age [LGA], rapid weight gain, and weight-for-age, length-for-age, and weight-for-length z-scores at 6 months) with GWG categories.
RESULTS
For total GWG, 39% and 27% of women had inadequate and excessive GWG, respectively. 57% and 46% had excessive GWG rates in the 2 and 3 trimesters, respectively, with 29% having excessive rates in both trimesters. Inadequate total GWG was associated with lower infant weight and length outcomes (ß range for z-scores = -0.21 to -0.46, p < 0.05) and lower risk of LGA (adjusted Relative Risk, aRR = 0.38; 95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.16, 0.95) and rapid weight gain (aRR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.51, 1.00). GWG rates above recommendations in the 2 trimester or 2 /3 trimesters were associated with greater weight outcomes at birth and 6 months (ß range for z-scores = 0.24 to 0.35, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Counseling women about health behaviors and closely monitoring GWG beginning in early pregnancy is necessary, particularly among populations at high-risk of obesity.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Height; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pediatric Obesity; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Weight Gain
PubMed: 31696650
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12589 -
BMC Women's Health Jul 2019Uterine leiomyomas are often discovered during early pregnancy and in most cases will have no effect on pregnancy outcomes. However, in rare cases uterine leiomyomas may...
BACKGROUND
Uterine leiomyomas are often discovered during early pregnancy and in most cases will have no effect on pregnancy outcomes. However, in rare cases uterine leiomyomas may lead to obstetric complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate rate of uterine leiomyoma growth in the 3 trimesters of pregnancy.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Included were women who were diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma during pregnancy and had at least two sonographic measurements in different trimesters. Data regarding leiomyoma growth, recorded by ultrasound examination, during 1st 2nd and 3rd trimesters were collected from electronic patient records.
RESULTS
Two-hundred forty-eight uterine leiomyomas were included in the study. Leiomyoma area increased substantially in size between the 1st and 2nd trimesters (54.5% ± 75.9%, p = .007) and to a lesser degree between the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (17.9% ± 59.7%, NS). Evaluation of the change in size throughout the pregnancy - between 1st and 3rd trimesters revealed a significant increase of 95.9% ± 191.3% (p < .001). There was no significant growth of the leiomyomas between the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
CONCLUSIONS
Uterine leiomyomas tend to grow substantially during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. This trend is attenuated later with minimal growth towards the end of gestation.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy Trimesters; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Burden; Ultrasonography; Uterine Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 31331317
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0803-5 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... May 2020Physiological changes in hormone levels occur in thyroid gland during pregnancy. Screening of the thyroid hormone levels and determining trimester-specific reference...
Physiological changes in hormone levels occur in thyroid gland during pregnancy. Screening of the thyroid hormone levels and determining trimester-specific reference intervals in pregnancy are important. Guidelines recommend the use of trimester-specific reference ranges for each country. The aim of this study is to determine trimester-specific thyroid function reference intervals for pregnancy in Turkish population. In total, 5000 patients were screened out of which 1258 patients have all of fT3, fT4 and TSH levels measured, were included in the study. Patients were grouped as follows: 482 women were in first trimester, 361 women were in second trimester, and 415 women were in third trimester. All analyses were performed by means of chemiluminescence methods (Liaison; DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, Italy). The TSH reference intervals were 0.005-3.65, 0.01-3.63, and 0.2-3.46 mIU/L at the first, the second, and the third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The fT4 reference intervals were 0.72-1.79, 0.71-1.26, and 0.65-1.12 ng/dL at the first, the second, and the third trimesters, respectively. The fT3 reference intervals were 2.45-4.03, 2.37-3.85, and 2.31-3.77 ng/dL at the first, the second, and the third trimesters, respectively. It is crucial to determine population- and gestational-specific reference intervals for trustworthy treatment of pregnants.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin; Turkey
PubMed: 31532263
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1666817 -
Ginekologia Polska 2022To predict fetal and neonatal outcome during pregnancy based on detailed analysis of ductus venosus blood flow velocities in first and second-trimester fetuses.
OBJECTIVES
To predict fetal and neonatal outcome during pregnancy based on detailed analysis of ductus venosus blood flow velocities in first and second-trimester fetuses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was made in 680 patients with single pregnancies in years 2015 and 2016. The following ductus venosus blood flow velocities in first and second-trimester were analyzed: S-wave velocity, D-wave velocity, a-wave velocity, Tmax velocity, PIV. Results were divided into sub-groups with reduced value, normal value and increased value and compared with fetal and neonatal condition.
RESULTS
The relationship between the increased PIV value in the first trimester of pregnancy and an increased risk of chromosomal aberrations was observed, whereas the increased DV PI value in the second trimester of pregnancy with reduced A -wave were associated with a higher incidence of FGR. No correlation between the remaining DV blood flow velocities in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and the more frequent occurrence of fetal and neonatal complications has been confirmed.
CONCLUSIONS
The increased DV PIV is a good prognostic tool for the detection of chromosomal aberrations in first trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester, the increased DV PIV and the reduced A- wave velocity correlate with the fetal growth restriction. Ductus venosus seems to be an indirect indicator of intrauterine hypoxia with moderate prognostic value for adverse obstetric outcomes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Fetus; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Chromosome Aberrations; Blood Flow Velocity
PubMed: 35315021
DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2021.0220