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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Premature Birth; Parturition; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Delivery, Obstetric
PubMed: 37082127
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179856 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Jan 2015
Topics: Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy
PubMed: 25448517
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.1099 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 2016The heterogeneous causes of spontaneous preterm birth make prediction and prevention difficult. Recently developed biochemical and biophysical tests add significantly to... (Review)
Review
The heterogeneous causes of spontaneous preterm birth make prediction and prevention difficult. Recently developed biochemical and biophysical tests add significantly to clinicians' ability to evaluate and treat women at risk for spontaneous preterm birth. The primary importance of transvaginal cervical sonography and cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin lies in the high negative predictive values of the tests for preterm delivery risk. Cervical length may be useful in identifying women who are candidates for cervical cerclage or progesterone therapy for preterm birth prevention. Together, cervical length and fibronectin can be used in the triaging of women symptomatic for preterm labor.
Topics: Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Progesterone; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 27235918
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2016.01.019 -
Disease Markers 2015Preterm labour and birth are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite modern advances in obstetric and neonatal management, the rate of preterm birth... (Review)
Review
Preterm labour and birth are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite modern advances in obstetric and neonatal management, the rate of preterm birth in the developed world is increasing. Yet even though numerous risk factors associated with preterm birth have been identified, the ability to accurately predict when labour will occur remains elusive, whether it is at a term or preterm gestation. In the latter case, this is likely due to the multifactorial aetiology of preterm labour wherein women may display different clinical presentations that lead to preterm birth. The discovery of novel biomarkers that could reliably identify women who will subsequently deliver preterm may allow for timely medical intervention and targeted therapeutic treatments aimed at improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Various body fluids including amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, blood (serum/plasma), and cervicovaginal fluid all provide a rich protein source of putative biochemical markers that may be causative or reflective of the various pathophysiological disorders of pregnancy, including preterm labour. This short review will highlight recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery and the utility of single and multiple biomarkers for the prediction of preterm birth in the absence of intra-amniotic infection.
Topics: Biomarkers; Body Fluids; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26160993
DOI: 10.1155/2015/435014 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 2014Preterm birth occurs in 12% of all births in the United States. Preterm labor precedes approximately half of these births. Tocolysis is used in the short term to prolong... (Review)
Review
Preterm birth occurs in 12% of all births in the United States. Preterm labor precedes approximately half of these births. Tocolysis is used in the short term to prolong pregnancy long enough to administer corticosteroids and/or facilitate transfer to a tertiary care center. A number of agents have been used for this therapy, which will be discussed in the following chapter.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Tocolysis; Tocolytic Agents
PubMed: 25029339
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000053 -
Pediatric Research Aug 2023Specific heat shock proteins are associated with pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Placental proteomics and whole exome sequencing...
BACKGROUND
Specific heat shock proteins are associated with pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Placental proteomics and whole exome sequencing recently suggested an association between heat shock protein HSPA5 and uncomplicated SPTB. In the present study, we investigated the localization of and possible roles for HSPA5 in SPTB.
METHODS
Western blot was performed to validate the result from the previously published proteomic analysis. We used qPCR to assess mRNA expression of genes and immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy to examine localization of HSPA5 in placental tissue. We silenced the HSPA5 gene in the HTR8/SVneo human trophoblast cell line to investigate possible functions of HSPA5.
RESULTS
HSPA5 was upregulated in placentas from SPTBs compared to spontaneous term births. We did not observe upregulation of HSPA5 mRNA in placental samples. The protein was localized in placental trophoblast in both spontaneous preterm and term placentas. Gene silencing of HSPA5 in human trophoblast cell culture affected the inflammatory response and decreased the expression of several proinflammatory genes.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that upregulation of HSPA5 in the placenta is associated with spontaneous preterm labor. HSPA5 may promote the inflammatory response and alter the anti-inflammatory state of the placenta which could eventually lead to premature labor.
IMPACT
We validated upregulation of HSPA5 in placentas from spontaneous preterm birth. HSPA5 was not upregulated at transcriptional level which suggests that it may be regulated post-translationally. Silencing HSPA5 in a human trophoblast-derived cell line suggested that HSPA5 promotes expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The emerging inflammation could lead to spontaneous preterm labor. Identifying inflammatory pathways and factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth increases knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of premature labor. This could provide cues to predict imminent premature labor and lead to information about how to safely maintain pregnancies.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Premature Birth; Placenta; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Proteomics; Obstetric Labor, Premature; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 36788289
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02501-9 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Survivors of preterm birth struggle with multitudes of disabilities due to improper programming of various tissues and organ systems contributing to adult-onset... (Review)
Review
Survivors of preterm birth struggle with multitudes of disabilities due to improper programming of various tissues and organ systems contributing to adult-onset diseases at a very early stage of their lives. Therefore, the persistent rates of low birth weight (birth weight < 2,500 grams), as well as rates of neonatal and maternal morbidities and mortalities, need to be addressed. Active research throughout the years has provided us with multiple theories regarding the risk factors, initiators, biomarkers, and clinical manifestations of spontaneous preterm birth. Fetal organs, like the placenta and fetal membranes, and maternal tissues and organs, like the decidua, myometrium, and cervix, have all been shown to uniquely respond to specific exogenous or endogenous risk factors. These uniquely contribute to dynamic changes at the molecular and cellular levels to effect preterm labor pathways leading to delivery. Multiple intervention targets in these different tissues and organs have been successfully tested in preclinical trials to reduce the individual impacts on promoting preterm birth. However, these preclinical trial data have not been effectively translated into developing biomarkers of high-risk individuals for an early diagnosis of the disease. This becomes more evident when examining the current global rate of preterm birth, which remains staggeringly high despite years of research. We postulate that studying each tissue and organ in silos, as how the majority of research has been conducted in the past years, is unlikely to address the network interaction between various systems leading to a synchronized activity during either term or preterm labor and delivery. To address current limitations, this review proposes an integrated approach to studying various tissues and organs involved in the maintenance of normal pregnancy, promotion of normal parturition, and more importantly, contributions towards preterm birth. We also stress the need for biological models that allows for concomitant observation and analysis of interactions, rather than focusing on these tissues and organ in silos.
Topics: Pregnancy; Adult; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Premature Birth; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Placenta; Myometrium; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36313741
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015622 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jan 2018We aimed to explore whether maternal chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection certainly affects preterm labor (birth) in pregnant women. Four databases were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to explore whether maternal chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection certainly affects preterm labor (birth) in pregnant women. Four databases were systematically searched up to May 31, 2017, without language restriction. Any study was included if it clearly defined exposure to chronic HBV infection, reported risk of preterm labor or birth in pregnant women, and reported relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) or provided data for estimation. RRs (or ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q statistic and I statistic. Twenty-two observational studies involving 6 141 146 pregnant women (three prospective cohort studies, n = 1 116 799; 15 retrospective cohort studies, n = 5 022 513 and four case-control studies, n = 1834) were included. The risk of preterm labor was significantly intensified with chronic HBV infection compared with uninfected women, with substantial heterogeneity. Chronic HBV infection was also significantly associated with a 16% increase in the risk of preterm birth, with substantial heterogeneity. The risk of preterm birth significantly increased by 21% in HBsAg+/HBeAg+ pregnant women compared with uninfected pregnant women. Chronic HBV infection intensifies the risk of preterm labor and birth in pregnant women, but this conclusion should be interpreted with caution given the possibility of residual confounding and be confirmed by well-designed studies in the future.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Female; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Observational Studies as Topic; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 28851115
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24927 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Feb 2019
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Menopause; Microbiota; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 30632685
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15355 -
Science Signaling Jan 2017Premature labor and consequent neonatal mortality may be prevented by stimulating the expression of PIBF1 in uterine B cells.
Premature labor and consequent neonatal mortality may be prevented by stimulating the expression of PIBF1 in uterine B cells.
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-33; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Uterus
PubMed: 28096510
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam7592