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Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Jun 2022Causes of health disparities in Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the United States are multifactorial. This article contextualizes health disparities as... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Causes of health disparities in Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the United States are multifactorial. This article contextualizes health disparities as they relate to the neurodegenerative processes of ADRD.
RECENT FINDINGS
Older adults' life expectancy has increased such that a 65-year-old is expected to live 19 or more years and an 85-year-old can expect to live, on average, 6 to 7 years longer. Individuals of certain ethnoracial groups (Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander) may be at a higher risk of incident ADRD compared to non-Hispanic/Latino White people. These differences in a higher risk of ADRD across ethnoracial groups persist despite no statistically significant differences in the rate of cognitive decline over time. The intersectionality of social determinants of health, experiences with discrimination and oppression, and access to care are related to the issue of justice and the risk for and expression of ADRD. The theoretical frameworks of various health disparities provide organized approaches to tracking the progression of health disparities for diverse patients.
SUMMARY
ADRD health disparities are complex. Neurologists and their care teams must consider the main reasons for clinical ADRD evaluations of members of ethnoracial groups and the factors that may impact patient adherence and compliance with diagnostic and management recommendations.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; United States
PubMed: 35678407
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001088 -
Praxis 2018
Review
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 29587591
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002935 -
Clinical Biochemistry Oct 2019Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, incurable, neurodegenerative illness and the most common of the dementing disorders. It starts usually after... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, incurable, neurodegenerative illness and the most common of the dementing disorders. It starts usually after 60 years of age and may span 8 to 12 years. The continuous and slow decline caused by this disease, is characterized by cognitive deterioration, loss of functional independence, changes in behaviour, and expanding needs for care. In the last three decades, the proteins predominating neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles have been detected and researched: amyloid-beta protein in the plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the tangles. Alzheimer's disease is now considered a long-term process with a slow progress and with a prolonged development of pathological changes that precedes symptoms by years. AD is becoming one of the most problematic and expensive illness for the civilization, also known as "silent threat".
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Behavioral Symptoms; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31034802
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.015 -
Current Alzheimer Research 2020
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Inflammation
PubMed: 33509069
DOI: 10.2174/156720501711210101110513 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Dec 2015The kinetics of cytoskeletal networks, with actin as a key factor, play a key role in regulating the morphology and function of dendritic spines. Drebrin is a neuron... (Review)
Review
The kinetics of cytoskeletal networks, with actin as a key factor, play a key role in regulating the morphology and function of dendritic spines. Drebrin is a neuron growth and brain development-related actin-binding protein and is present in 70% of the dendritic spines of excitatory synapses. It regulates the development and formation of dendritic spines and well-developed dendritic spines pave the way for presynaptic elements. Well-developed and mature synapses are prerequisite for maintaining nervous system physiology. Abnormal morphology of dendritic spines and loss of synapses are seen in many neurologic diseases associated with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms governing these pathologic changes and their correlation with drebrin remain unclear. Exploring the relationship between drebrin and cognitive function may provide insight into the early prevention of cognitive impairment and in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Neuropeptides
PubMed: 26123582
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.021 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Aug 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases, is characterized by memory impairment, synaptic dysfunction, and character... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases, is characterized by memory impairment, synaptic dysfunction, and character mutations. The pathological features of AD are Aβ accumulation, tau protein enrichment, oxidative stress, and immune inflammation. Since the pathogenesis of AD is complicated and ambiguous, it is still challenging to achieve early detection and timely treatment of AD. Due to the unique physical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of nanoparticles (NPs), nanotechnology has shown great potential for detecting and treating AD. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in AD detection via nanotechnology based on NPs with electrochemical sensing, optical sensing, and imaging techniques. Meanwhile, we highlight the important advances in nanotechnology-based AD treatment through targeting disease biomarkers, stem-cell therapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we summarize the current challenges and present a promising prospect for nanotechnology-based AD diagnosis and intervention.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Nanotechnology; Oxidative Stress; Nanoparticles; Amyloid beta-Peptides
PubMed: 37414222
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.004 -
Current Opinion in Lipidology Jun 2019We review current knowledge regarding HDL and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on HDL's vasoprotective functions and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We review current knowledge regarding HDL and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on HDL's vasoprotective functions and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the vascular contributions of Alzheimer's disease.
RECENT FINDINGS
Many epidemiological studies have observed that circulating HDL levels associate with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk. However, it is now understood that the functions of HDL may be more informative than levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Animal model studies demonstrate that HDL protects against memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In-vitro studies using state-of-the-art 3D models of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) confirm that HDL reduces vascular Aβ accumulation and attenuates Aβ-induced endothelial inflammation. Although HDL-based therapeutics have not been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease , several HDL formulations are in advanced phase clinical trials for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis and could be leveraged toward Alzheimer's disease .
SUMMARY
Evidence from human studies, animal models, and bioengineered arteries supports the hypothesis that HDL protects against cerebrovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Assays of HDL functions relevant to Alzheimer's disease may be desirable biomarkers of cerebrovascular health. HDL-based therapeutics may also be of interest for Alzheimer's disease, using stand-alone or combination therapy approaches.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Comorbidity; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 30946049
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000604 -
Zoological Research Nov 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment and memory loss. Emerging evidence suggests that... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment and memory loss. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the regulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau metabolism, and that autophagy dysfunction exacerbates amyloidosis and tau pathology. Therefore, targeting autophagy may be an effective approach for the treatment of AD. Animal models are considered useful tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of diseases. This review aims to summarize the pathological alterations in autophagy in representative AD animal models and to present recent studies on newly discovered autophagy-stimulating interventions in animal AD models. Finally, the opportunities, difficulties, and future directions of autophagy targeting in AD therapy are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Autophagy; Models, Animal
PubMed: 37963840
DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.294 -
The Gerontologist Apr 2015
Topics: Age of Onset; Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Disease Progression; Family; Humans; Life Change Events; Motion Pictures
PubMed: 26035610
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv017 -
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ... Aug 2022Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great practical importance. The process of differentiating a disease with symptoms of dementia caused by another... (Review)
Review
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great practical importance. The process of differentiating a disease with symptoms of dementia caused by another pathology of the nervous system is based on a subjective assessment. The pathogenesis of AD emphasizes the importance of neuropil beta-amyloid deposition in the brain and the tau protein inside neurons, which is found 20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. The number of people suffering from AD doubles every 20 years and in 2050 there will be 115.4 million of them worldwide. The level of education and constant intellectual activity may be a factor protecting against the occurrence of AD. The diagnosis of AD takes into account information obtained from interviews as well as from additional imaging and laboratory tests. The available criteria for AD diagnosis are constantly modified and changed, which makes their application in everyday practice difficult.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Humans
PubMed: 36086987
DOI: No ID Found