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Journal of Oral Microbiology 2018: Dental caries results from a dysbiosis of tooth-associated biofilms and frequently extends through enamel into dentin which has a different structure and composition....
: Dental caries results from a dysbiosis of tooth-associated biofilms and frequently extends through enamel into dentin which has a different structure and composition. : To evaluate the metatranscriptome of caries to determine the metabolic potential of caries communities compared with health. : Samples from children, caries-free (CF: = 4) or with coronal (CC: = 5) or dentin (DC: = 5) caries were examined for gene expression potential. Functional profiling was performed using HUMAnN2 (HMP Unified Metabolic Analysis Network). : There was increased gene expression diversity in DC compared with CC and CF. Genes in CF included alcohol dehydrogenase from , methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from and choline kinase from streptococci. Genes in CC mapped mainly to . Arginine deiminase in DC mapped to and . Glycerol kinase genes mapped to in all groups whereas glycerol kinase in DC were from and streptococci. Uracil-DNA glycosylase in DC mapped to and . Repressor LexA in DC mapped to and . : Functional profiling revealed enzyme activities in both caries and caries-free communities and clarified marked differences between coronal and dentin caries in bacterial composition and potential gene expression.
PubMed: 30034639
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1495976 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases and... Sep 2022Aortoenteric fistula is a rare complication after endovascular stent grafting. In the present report, we have described the case of a 69-year-old man 3 years after...
Aortoenteric fistula is a rare complication after endovascular stent grafting. In the present report, we have described the case of a 69-year-old man 3 years after endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm who had presented with worsening back pain and fever. Computed tomography had demonstrated dilated bowel and a thickened aortic wall, with air foci within the native aneurysm sac. He underwent emergent right axillary-bifemoral bypass with explantation of the aortic endograft and primary repair of the duodenal fistula. Tissue cultures grew and , and he was discharged home with 6 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and oral metronidazole after an 18-day hospital admission.
PubMed: 35996728
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.06.003 -
BMC Anesthesiology Apr 2021Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for...
BACKGROUND
Laryngeal mask airways (LMA) are commonly used for airway management. Complications with this device are rare. However, when they do occur, there is a high risk for respiratory problems, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. We present the first case of a life-threatening abscess spreading in the visceral space caused by a penicillin and metronidazole resistant Prevotella Denticola after the use of an LMA.
CASE PRESENTATION
A female patient was admitted to our day care centre for bunion surgery. A single use LMA size 3 (Solus®, intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom) was successfully inserted. After surgery, the patient complained of a sore throat and amoxicillin was prescribed by the general practitioner. Three days after surgery the patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for obstructive breathing, due to an abscess in the visceral space. Retropharyngeal and certainly parapharyngeal abscesses in adults are already rare. This case however, is unique because it is the first case of abscess spreading into the visceral space after the use of an LMA. Amoxicillin/clavulanate and vancomycin were started. The abscess was incised 5 days later and microbiology showed 3 positive cultures of the anaerobe Prevotella denticola, resistant for penicillin and metronidazole, but sensitive for amoxicillin/clavulanate. The patient fully recovered.
CONCLUSION
LMA's are easy to use and are established, safe tools to support ventilation of the airway. In this case, the authors hypothesise a small wound in the lateral pharyngeal wall probably created an opening into the visceral space causing infection with Prevotella denticola, supporting the idea that the pharyngeal mucosal space must be part of the visceral space. Additionally, early recognition and treatment of an LMA induced abscess is necessary to prevent evolution of complications leading to airway obstruction.
Topics: Abscess; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Middle Aged; Prevotella; Vancomycin
PubMed: 33820534
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01322-9 -
European Review For Medical and... Mar 2019Probiotics S. salivarius 24SMBc and S. oralis 89a comprised in the nasal spray Rinogermina are known to exert inhibition of harmful pathogens and ameliorate the outcome... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Modulation of opportunistic species Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella melaninogenica, Rothia dentocariosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae by intranasal administration of Streptococcus salivarius...
OBJECTIVE
Probiotics S. salivarius 24SMBc and S. oralis 89a comprised in the nasal spray Rinogermina are known to exert inhibition of harmful pathogens and ameliorate the outcome of patients with chronic upper airways infections. In this study, for the first time, the effect of this formulation on the modulation of the microflora of healthy subjects was evaluated, with particular interest on pathobionts and pathogens present.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Metagenomic identification and quantification of bacterial abundances in healthy subjects were carried out by means of Ion Torrent Personal Machine. In particular, nasal swabs were sampled one, two and four weeks after seven days of treatment with Rinogermina.
RESULTS
The modulation of the abundance of pathobionts and pathogenic species (i.e., Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella melaninogenica, Rothia dentocariosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae) was characterized and a significant temporary decrease in their presence was identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The beneficial effects of S. salivarius 24SMBc and S. oralis 89a nasal intake was assessed but seemed to be restricted in specific temporal windows. Thus it would be interesting to evaluate also this positive impact of longer administration of this probiotic formulation.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nose; Probiotics; Streptococcus oralis; Streptococcus salivarius; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30920634
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17351 -
Journal of Endodontics May 2024Microbiota associated with primary endodontic infection (PEI) and secondary/persistent endodontic infection (SPEI) must be characterized to elucidate pathogenesis in...
INTRODUCTION
Microbiota associated with primary endodontic infection (PEI) and secondary/persistent endodontic infection (SPEI) must be characterized to elucidate pathogenesis in apical periodontitis and bacterial biomarkers identified for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
METHODS
This study analyzed the microbial community profiles of root canals and gingival sulci (sulcus-E) for teeth with PEI (n = 10) or SPEI (n = 10), using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial samples from gingival sulci (sulcus-C) of healthy contralateral teeth served as controls.
RESULTS
There were 15 phyla, 177 genera, and 340 species identified. The number and diversity of bacteria in root canals did not differ significantly between PEI and SPEI. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in both groups. At the genus level, Lancefieldella, Bifidobacterium, Stomatobaculum, and Schaalia were enriched in root canals with SPEI. Of significance, Lancefieldella was observed in both root canals and sulcus-E of teeth with SPEI. At the species level, Neisseria macacae, Streptococcus gordonii, Bifidobacterium dentium, Stomatobaculum longum, and Schaalia odontolytica were increased significantly in root canals with SPEI compared to PEI. Oribacterium species, Streptococcus salivarius, Lancefieldella parvula, Prevotella denticola, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum were more abundant in sulcus-E of teeth with SPEI compared to PEI.
CONCLUSIONS
There were distinctive and differing predominant bacterial species associated with the root canals and gingival sulci between teeth with PEI and SPEI. Specific bacteria identified in sulcus-E and root canals of teeth with SPEI could serve as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for detecting SPEI.
PubMed: 38768706
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.04.016 -
PeerJ 2022Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of...
BACKGROUND
Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of children. Various studies have demonstrated that the oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in the onset and development of dental caries. However, it remains uncertain about the key microbial markers associated with caries, owing to the limited evidence.
METHODS
Fifteen S-ECC children and fifteen healthy controls were selected from three-year-old children in this study. Their clinical data and oral saliva samples were collected. Shotgun sequencing was conducted to investigate the microbial differences and the relevant functions between the two groups.
RESULTS
We observed no apparent difference in oral microbial community diversity between the two groups. Still, at the genus/species levels, several characteristic genera/species such as , and increased significantly in S-ECC children, compared with the oral health group. Furthermore, we found that functional pathways involving glycolysis and acid production, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, were prominently up-regulated in the high-caries group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that dental caries in children were associated with the alterations in the oral microbiota at the composition and functional levels, which may potentially inspire the exploration of microbial diagnosis or therapeutic treatments.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Actinomyces; Microbiota
PubMed: 35669952
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13529 -
Cureus Jun 2022A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension...
A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension empyema. Thoracostomy was performed, and hemodynamics subsequently improved. Later, was cultured. This is the first known reported case of tension empyema.
PubMed: 35832761
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25853 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2019To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Similarly in depression, nuances of gut microbiota: Evidences from a shotgun metagenomics sequencing study on major depressive disorder versus bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode patients.
BACKGROUND
To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants.
METHODS
Thirty one MDD patients, thirty BPD patients, and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All the faecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Except for routine analyses of alpha diversity, we specially designed a new indicator, the G coefficient, to evaluate the inequality of relative abundances of microbiota for each participant.
RESULTS
The G coefficients are significant decreased in both MDD and BPD groups. The relative abundances of increased phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes were significantly in the MDD and BPD groups. At genus level, four of top five enriched genera (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus) were found increased significantly in the MDD and BPD groups compared with HCs. The genera Escherichia and Klebsiella showed significant changes in abundances only between the BPD and HC groups. At the species level, compared with BPD patients, MDD patients had a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae including Prevotella denticola F0289, Prevotella intermedia 17, Prevotella ruminicola, and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly increased, whereas the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BPD group compared with MDD group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggested that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of both MDD and BPD patients, and the nuances of bacteria may have the potentiality of being the biomarkers of MDD and BPD.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metagenomics
PubMed: 30927646
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.017 -
Diabetes Nov 2020Metagenome sequencing has not been used in infected bone specimens. This prospective observational study explored the microbiome and its function in patients with...
Metagenome sequencing has not been used in infected bone specimens. This prospective observational study explored the microbiome and its function in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and posttraumatic foot osteomyelitis (PFO) based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenome sequencing technologies. Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between dominant species and clinical indicators of patients with DFO. High-throughput sequencing showed that all the specimens were polymicrobial. The microbial diversity was significantly higher in the DFO group than in the PFO group. , , and were the most abundant microbes in the DFO group. The most abundant microbes in the PFO group were , , and , , and had positive correlation with the duration of diabetic foot infection (DFI_d). was positively correlated with the infection index, while was negatively correlated. The microbial functional genes were more abundant in the DFO group than in the PFO group. Metagenome sequencing is feasible for the analysis of the microbiome in infected bone specimens. Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes are dominant in DFO.
Topics: Aged; Diabetic Foot; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 32801139
DOI: 10.2337/db20-0503 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the...
Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the microbial and gene transcription activity of peri-implantitis microbiota are limited. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that disease-specific microbial and gene transcription activity lead to disease-specific clinical features, using an integrated metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and network analysis. Metagenomic data in peri-implantitis and periodontitis were obtained from the same 21 subjects and metatranscriptomic data from 12 subjects were obtained from a database. The microbial co-occurrence network based on metagenomic analysis had more diverse species taxa and correlations than the network based on the metatranscriptomic analysis. and had high activity and were core species taxa specific to peri-implantitis in the co-occurrence network. Moreover, the activity of plasmin receptor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes was higher in peri-implantitis. These activity differences may increase complexity in the peri-implantitis microbiome and distinguish clinical symptoms of the two diseases. These findings should help in exploring a novel biomarker that assist in the diagnosis and preventive treatment design of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Firmicutes; Humans; Microbiota; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; Prevotella
PubMed: 33425781
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596490