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Caries Research 2019Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment...
BACKGROUND
Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment fluoride-mediated remineralisation of early caries lesions. However, there are indications that it may also have beneficial ecological effects on the oral microbiome.
OBJECTIVE
This in vitro study investigated whether CPP-ACP could influence microbial counts, acidogenicity, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacterial -species in polymicrobial biofilms.
METHODS
Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated every 12 h with 2% CPP-ACP or vehicle control. Colony forming units (CFUs) and acidogenicity were estimated from the treated biofilms. Microbial ecological effects of CPP-ACP were assessed based on the relative abundance of 14 specific caries- and health-associated -bacterial species using a real-time quantitative PCR assay. -Results: CPP-ACP-treated biofilms showed relatively modest, but significant, reductions in microbial CFUs (21% reduction, p = 0.008) and acidogenicity (33% reduction, p < 0.001), compared to the control-treated biofilms. The CPP-ACP treated biofilms also exhibited significantly lower bacterial loads of cariogenic Scardovia wiggsiae (fold change 0.017, p < 0.001) and Prevotella denticola(fold change 0.005, p < 0.001), and higher bacterial loads of commensal Streptococcus sanguinis(fold change 30.22, p < 0.001), S. mitis/oralis(fold change 9.66, p = 0.012), and S. salivarius/thermophilus(fold change 89.35, p < 0.001) than the control-treated biofilms.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that CPP-ACP has virulence-attenuating attributes that can influence a beneficial microbial ecological change in the biofilm.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Load; Biofilms; Calcium Phosphates; Caseins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Phosphopeptides; Prevotella; Saliva; Streptococcus; Tooth Remineralization; Virulence
PubMed: 31163430
DOI: 10.1159/000499869 -
PloS One 2014Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as...
OBJECTIVE
Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as systemic immunological and local microbiological features in healthy controls and patients with different forms of periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
14 healthy subjects, 15 patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, and 11 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Periodontal examination was performed and peripheral blood was collected from each patient. Lymphocyte populations as well as the release of cytokines by T-helper cells were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent spot assay. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from each individual and immediately cultivated for microbiological examination.
RESULTS
When stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide, a higher IL-1β release was found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (p<0.01). Numbers of B-cells, naïve and transitional B-cells, memory B-cells, and switched memory B-cells were within the reference range for all groups, but patients with chronic periodontitis showed the highest percentage of memory B-cells without class switch (p = 0.01). The subgingival plaque differed quantitatively as well as qualitatively with a higher number of Gram-negative anaerobic species in periodontitis patients. Prevotella denticola was found more often in patients with aggressive periodontitis (p<0.001) but did not show an association to any of the systemic immunological findings. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was only found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, seems to be associated with an activation of the systemic immune response.
CONCLUSION
Differences between aggressive periodontitis and moderate chronic periodontitis are evident, which raises the question of an inadequate balance between systemic immune response and bacterial infection in aggressive periodontitis.
Topics: Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid; Prevotella; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Young Adult
PubMed: 25299619
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109187 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Brain abscesses are associated with an increased long-term risk of new seizures and increased mortality within several years after infection. Common microorganisms that...
Brain abscesses are associated with an increased long-term risk of new seizures and increased mortality within several years after infection. Common microorganisms that cause brain abscesses include bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. We report a 75-year-old man with a brain abscess caused by , an oral pathogen. Based on the clinical condition, we suspected that the patient had a blood-borne brain abscess, and he received antibiotics and systemic supportive treatment. The patient developed shock for the second time after negative Gram-staining results. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing showed one strain from the oral microbiome, confirming our hypothesis, and targeted antibiotic treatment was administered quickly. Thus, we report a case in which genomic analysis was the critical factor in determining the best antimicrobial therapy for administration.
PubMed: 33693022
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644130 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2014Culture-independent analyses have greatly expanded knowledge regarding the composition of complex bacterial communities including those associated with oral diseases. A...
Comparison of bacterial culture and 16S rRNA community profiling by clonal analysis and pyrosequencing for the characterization of the dentine caries-associated microbiome.
Culture-independent analyses have greatly expanded knowledge regarding the composition of complex bacterial communities including those associated with oral diseases. A consistent finding from such studies, however, has been the under-reporting of members of the phylum Actinobacteria. In this study, five pairs of broad range primers targeting 16S rRNA genes were used in clonal analysis of 6 samples collected from tooth lesions involving dentine in subjects with active caries. Samples were also subjected to cultural analysis and pyrosequencing by means of the 454 platform. A diverse bacterial community of 229 species-level taxa was revealed by culture and clonal analysis, dominated by representatives of the genera Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, and Streptococcus. The five most abundant species were: Lactobacillus gasseri, Prevotella denticola, Alloprevotella tannerae, S. mutans and Streptococcus sp. HOT 070, which together made up 31.6 % of the sequences. Two samples were dominated by lactobacilli, while the remaining samples had low numbers of lactobacilli but significantly higher numbers of Prevotella species. The different primer pairs produced broadly similar data but proportions of the phylum Bacteroidetes were significantly higher when primer 1387R was used. All of the primer sets underestimated the proportion of Actinobacteria compared to culture. Pyrosequencing analysis of the samples was performed to a depth of sequencing of 4293 sequences per sample which were identified to 264 species-level taxa, and resulted in significantly higher coverage estimates than the clonal analysis. Pyrosequencing, however, also underestimated the relative abundance of Actinobacteria compared to culture.
Topics: Adult; Dental Caries; Dentin; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Streptococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 25429361
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00164 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of developing skin and soft tissue infections such as erysipelas, abscesses, and less frequently necrotizing fasciitis...
BACKGROUND
Intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of developing skin and soft tissue infections such as erysipelas, abscesses, and less frequently necrotizing fasciitis (NF) or gas gangrene. Rarely, the cause of the infection is microorganisms residing in the oral cavity and can lead to life-threatening infections.
METHODS
We describe the case of a 43-year-old man intravenous drug user (IDU) who was admitted for intense leg pain following an injection of cocaine at that site.
RESULTS
A clinical and radiological diagnosis of NF was made, so the patient was started on empirical antibiotic therapy and underwent surgical fasciotomy (after 8 hours from admission). was isolated from multiple intraoperative specimens and was resistant to initial antimicrobial therapy. The man, suffering from periodontal disease, reported sucking the syringe several times to unblock it. Both fasciotomy surgery and adjustment of antimicrobial therapy enabled therapeutic success.
CONCLUSIONS
In IDUs the risk of deep skin and soft tissue infections is high and may be aggravated by contamination with oral microorganisms. The choice of empirical antibiotic treatment should include agents active against oral cavity anaerobes, such as
PubMed: 38562513
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2334545 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie May 2019We report on a 40-year-old patient who presented with fever, right upper abdominal pain, right-sided chest pain and acute dyspnea. Imaging revealed several liver...
We report on a 40-year-old patient who presented with fever, right upper abdominal pain, right-sided chest pain and acute dyspnea. Imaging revealed several liver abscesses, as well as extensive right pleural empyema. Sixteen weeks previously, the patient underwent tooth extraction of the third molars (18, 28, 38, 48) and a first molar (46), and systematic closed periodontitis treatment. Four different species of the physiological microbiota of the oral cavity were detected in the pleura or liver abscess punctate (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella denticola). An underlying immune defect was ruled out. Ultrasound-guided drainage of liver abscesses and surgical treatment of pleural empyema by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and insertion of thoracic suction drains was performed, accompanied by targeted antibiotic therapy. Over a course of 6 weeks, the patient recovered completely. The case report illustrates severe infectious side effects of major dental interventions, and it critically summarizes current dental guideline recommendations on peri-interventional antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, a good clinical follow up after major tooth extractions is imperative.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drainage; Empyema, Pleural; Humans; Liver Abscess; Male; Pleura; Postoperative Complications; Prevotella intermedia; Streptococcus anginosus; Streptococcus constellatus; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Thoracoscopy; Tooth Extraction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31083748
DOI: 10.1055/a-0829-7017