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Medicine Oct 2021Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive capacity for falls at hospital level. However, in spite of their use in some hospitals throughout the world, evidence is lacking about their effectiveness in reducing intra-hospital falls. Therefore, this study aims to develop a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing scientific literature exploring the impact of using sensors for fall prevention in hospitalized adults and the elderly population.
METHODS
We explored literature based on clinical trials in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, assessing the impact of devices used for hospital fall prevention in adult and elderly populations. The search included databases such as IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases. The critical appraisal was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality was assessed based on the ratings of individual biases. We performed the sum of the results, generating an estimation of the grouped effect (Relative Risk, 95% CI) for the outcome first fall for each patient. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. The study followed PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Results were assessed in three randomized controlled clinical trials, including 29,691 patients. A total of 351 (3%) patients fell among 11,769 patients assigned to the intervention group, compared with 426 (2.4%) patients who fell among 17,922 patients assigned to the control group (general estimation RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04, 1.37, P = .02, I2 = 0%; Moderate GRADE).
CONCLUSION
Our results show an increase of 19% in falls among elderly patients who are users of sensors located in their bed, bed-chair, or chair among their hospitalizations. Other types of sensors such as wearable sensors can be explored as coadjutants for fall prevention care in hospitals.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Data Management; Female; Hospital Design and Construction; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Prevention; Protective Devices; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34731123
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027467 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Feb 2019The goal of this review is to present an updated summary of the various approaches to prevent childhood food allergies and report recent advances in potential prevention... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The goal of this review is to present an updated summary of the various approaches to prevent childhood food allergies and report recent advances in potential prevention trials for food allergy.
RECENT FINDINGS
Several approaches related to maternal dietary supplementation as well as infant GI-based supplementation have been tried and are the subject of ongoing clinical investigation. The prevalence of food allergy appears to be increasing but several, varied approaches to prevention are being actively pursued such that an effective strategy may not be too far in the future.
Topics: Child; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 30712116
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0838-6 -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Jun 2024Lymphedema in the upper and lower extremities can lead to significant morbidity in patients, resulting in restricted joint movements, pain, discomfort, and reduced... (Review)
Review
Lymphedema in the upper and lower extremities can lead to significant morbidity in patients, resulting in restricted joint movements, pain, discomfort, and reduced quality of life. While physiological lymphatic reconstructions such as lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA), lymphovenous implantation (LVI), and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) have shown promise in improving patients' conditions, they only provide limited disease progression control or modest reversal. As lymphedema remains an incurable condition, the focus has shifted toward preventive measures in developed countries where most cases are iatrogenic due to cancer treatments. Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) has been a particular concern, prompting the implementation of preventive measures like axillary reverse mapping. Similarly, techniques with lymph node-preserving concepts have been used to treat lower extremity lymphedema caused by gynecological cancers. Preventive lymphedema measures can be classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. In this comprehensive review, we will explore the principles and methodologies encompassing lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach (LYMPHA), LVA, lymphaticolymphatic anastomosis (LLA), VLNT, and lymph-interpositional-flap transfer (LIFT). By evaluating the advantages and limitations of these techniques, we aim to equip surgeons with the necessary knowledge to effectively address patients at high risk of developing lymphedema.
Topics: Humans; Lymphedema; Anastomosis, Surgical; Primary Prevention; Lymphatic Vessels
PubMed: 38666773
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001101 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Nov 2020This article explores the role of prevention in healthy aging from the perspective of individualized prevention in the clinic and population-based prevention with... (Review)
Review
This article explores the role of prevention in healthy aging from the perspective of individualized prevention in the clinic and population-based prevention with system-level support. The traditional medical model has significant limitations to effectively target impactful outcomes related to geriatric syndromes that encompass debility, frequent hospitalizations, loss of independence, and disease progression. This article reviews aspects of the clinic visit and subsequent interventions, such as immunizations and screenings, that promote disease and disability prevention. Finally, we review the value of Population Health Management as a model of care for delivering population-based, system-level supported, patient-centered health care plans.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Disabled Persons; Healthy Aging; Humans; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 33010904
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2020.06.011 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Feb 2018Evidence for preventive screening and therapeutic intervention for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is limited for older adults. In this article, we review... (Review)
Review
Evidence for preventive screening and therapeutic intervention for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is limited for older adults. In this article, we review screening and prevention strategies, including lifestyle, modifiable risk factors, and medications, that may be considered in older adults, with a focus on those ≥75 years, accounting for age, frailty and functional status, medical conditions, and life expectancy.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Life Expectancy; Primary Prevention; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29129219
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.08.003 -
Clinics in Chest Medicine Mar 2019Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is a significant contributor to the global health burden, highlighting the urgent need for primary... (Review)
Review
Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is a significant contributor to the global health burden, highlighting the urgent need for primary prevention. This article outlines several practical and conceptual challenges that accompany primary prevention efforts. It advocates for improved predictive modeling to identify those at high-risk of developing asthma using automated algorithms within electronic medical records systems and explanatory modeling to refine understanding of causal pathways. Understanding the many issues that are likely to affect the success of primary prevention efforts helps the community of individuals invested in asthma prevention organize efforts and maximize their impact.
Topics: Algorithms; Asthma; Humans; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 30691705
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.002 -
Aging Sep 2019
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 31492828
DOI: 10.18632/aging.102255 -
Headache Nov 2018Barring unforeseen circumstances, we anticipate the arrival of the first mechanism-specific class of molecules for migraine prevention in 2018. Despite many... (Review)
Review
Barring unforeseen circumstances, we anticipate the arrival of the first mechanism-specific class of molecules for migraine prevention in 2018. Despite many ground-breaking advances in the field over the last several years, these agents, broadly identified as calcitonin gene-related peptide-based pharmaceuticals, have captured the imagination and attention of the lay press and much of the headache community. This paper will address the factors, both class-specific and systems-based, that are likely to affect the launch, access, compliance, and adherence related to this new class, as well as attempt to place these novel medications in context of the current state and anticipated changes in headache medicine.
Topics: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists; Forecasting; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 30311219
DOI: 10.1111/head.13418 -
Primary Care Dec 2019Many health care systems are shifting to value-based care and beginning to integrate population-based strategies into care delivery. Preventive care is an important... (Review)
Review
Many health care systems are shifting to value-based care and beginning to integrate population-based strategies into care delivery. Preventive care is an important domain of this work. Properly applied, these services improve population health and reduce health care costs. Preventive care comprises a substantial proportion of quality metrics for which providers are held accountable. This article discusses prevention through a public health lens, highlighting opportunities in ambulatory care settings to collaborate with community-based organizations and community health workers, redefine primary care teams, and design population-based approaches to improve health.
Topics: Community Health Workers; Humans; Population Health; Population Health Management; Preventive Medicine; Primary Prevention; United States; Value-Based Health Insurance
PubMed: 31655746
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2019.07.004 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Dec 2014
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Primary Prevention; Prophylactic Surgical Procedures; Risk Assessment; Unnecessary Procedures
PubMed: 25447082
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000613