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Current Problems in Cardiology Apr 2023Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease involving the cardiac sarcomere. It is associated with various disease-causing gene mutations and phenotypic expressions,... (Review)
Review
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease involving the cardiac sarcomere. It is associated with various disease-causing gene mutations and phenotypic expressions, managed with different therapies with variable prognoses. The heterogeneity of the disease is evident in the fact that it burdens patients of all ages. HCM is the most prevalent cause of sudden death in athletes. However, several technological advancements and therapeutic options have reduced mortality in patients with HCM to 0.5% per year. In addition, rapid advances in our knowledge of the molecular defects accountable for HCM have strengthened our awareness of the disorder and recommended new approaches to the assessment of prognosis. Despite all these evolutions, a small subgroup of patients with HCM will experience sudden cardiac death, and risk stratification remains a critical challenge. This review provides a practical guide to the updated recommendations for patients with HCM, including clinical updates for diagnosis, family screening, clinical imaging, risk stratification, and management.
Topics: Humans; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Prognosis; Death, Sudden, Cardiac
PubMed: 36529236
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101552 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Oct 2016Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer globally and third leading cause of cancer-related mortality is a heterogeneous disease with a highly... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer globally and third leading cause of cancer-related mortality is a heterogeneous disease with a highly variable clinical course. The inherent biological diversity of hepatic carcinomas may hinder therapeutic decision making and prognostication for patients. One distinct, albeit rare, subtype of primary hepatic carcinoma is combined intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (cHCC-ICC), which carries an overall worse prognosis than either HCC or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) alone. cHCC-ICC is a primary hepatic neoplasm containing unequivocal elements of both HCC and ICC. This review will focus on understanding further the histopathology of this unique tumor type, current treatment approaches and prognoses for this rare patient population.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholangiocarcinoma; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 27829279
DOI: 10.21037/cco.2016.10.02 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Lipid metabolic reprogramming is gaining attention as a hallmark of cancers. Recent mounting evidence indicates that the malignant behavior of breast cancer (BC) is...
INTRODUCTION
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is gaining attention as a hallmark of cancers. Recent mounting evidence indicates that the malignant behavior of breast cancer (BC) is closely related to lipid metabolism. Here, we focus on the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, the most common subgroup of BC, to explore immunometabolism landscapes and prognostic significance according to lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs).
METHODS
Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as training cohort, and samples from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and our cohort were applied for external validation. The survival-related LMRG molecular pattern and signature were constructed by unsupervised consensus clustering and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. A lipid metabolism-related clinicopathologic nomogram was established. Gene enrichment and pathway analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Immune landscapes, immunotherapy and chemotherapy response were further explored. Moreover, the relationship between gene expression and clinicopathological features was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Two LMRG molecular patterns were identified and associated with distinct prognoses and immune cell infiltration. Next, a prognostic signature based on nine survival-related LMRGs was established and validated. The signature was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor and an optimal nomogram incorporating age and T stage (AUC of 5-year overall survival: 0.778). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed differences in immune activities, lipid biosynthesis and drug metabolism by comparing groups with low- and high-risk scores. Further exploration verified different immune microenvironment profiles, immune checkpoint expression, and sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy between the two groups. Finally, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) was selected as the most prominent differentially expressed gene between the two groups. Its expression was positively related to larger tumor size, more advanced tumor stage and vascular invasion in our cohort (n = 149).
DISCUSSION
This is the first lipid metabolism-based signature with value for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy or chemotherapy guidance for ER+ BC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Lipid Metabolism; Prognosis; Nomograms; Lipids; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37469520
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199465 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Patients with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have varied prognoses that depend on numerous variables. However, additional research is required to uncover the...
BACKGROUND
Patients with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have varied prognoses that depend on numerous variables. However, additional research is required to uncover the latent impact of ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) on determining PDAC patients' prognoses.
METHODS
The URGs clusters were discovered via consensus clustering, and the prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across clusters were utilized to develop a signature using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis of data from TCGA-PAAD. Verification analyses were conducted across TCGA-PAAD, GSE57495 and ICGC-PACA-AU to show the robustness of the signature. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of risk genes. Lastly, we formulated a nomogram to improve the clinical efficacy of our predictive tool.
RESULTS
The URGs signature, comprised of three genes, was developed and was shown to be highly correlated with the prognoses of PAAD patients. The nomogram was established by combining the URGs signature with clinicopathological characteristics. We discovered that the URGs signature was remarkably superior than other individual predictors (age, grade, T stage, et al). Also, the immune microenvironment analysis indicated that ESTIMATEscore, ImmuneScores, and StromalScores were elevated in the low-risk group. The immune cells that infiltrated the tissues were different between the two groups, as did the expression of immune-related genes.
CONCLUSION
The URGs signature could act as the biomarker of prognosis and selecting appropriate therapeutic drugs for PDAC patients.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Ubiquitination; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Ducts; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37359528
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171811 -
Transfusion and Apheresis Science :... Aug 2023Undiagnosed and untreated hyperbilirubinemia in infants may result in Kernicterus Spectrum Disorder and poor prognoses. Rhesus incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate...
INTRODUCTION
Undiagnosed and untreated hyperbilirubinemia in infants may result in Kernicterus Spectrum Disorder and poor prognoses. Rhesus incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are among the known causes of infantile jaundice. This study was designed to define the severity and prognosis in jaundiced infants with Rh incompatibility or G6PD deficiency.
METHODS
A total of 144 term, 2- 14 days old jaundiced infants (bilirubin > 20 mg/dl) with Rh incompatibility(85 infant) or G6PD deficiency(59 infant) were included in this cohort study with 24-month follow-up through available sampling at Ghaem hospital between 2015 and 2022. Denver II test was used at 6, 12, 18, and 24-month ages after discharge. Infants with Rh incompatibility or G6PD deficiency were assigned into two groups of favorable and poor prognosis. Following that, the bilirubin levels of these infants were compared at the time of admission.
RESULTS
The bilirubin level in G6PD deficient infants with poor prognoses (37.96 ± 9.25 mg/dl) and neonates with Rh incompatibility (36.23 ± 5.08 mg/dl) almost was the same (P = 0.232). 40 babies (47%) caused by Rh incompatibility and 33 (56%) babies caused by G6PD deficiency had a poor prognosis (P = 0.465). Average bilirubin in babies with RH incompatibility with favorable prognosis is 21.8 and poor prognosis is 36.2 mg/dl. In infants with G6PD deficiency, it was 24 mg/dl with favorable prognosis and 38 mg/dl with poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). The severity of hyperbilirubinemia had a significant role in the prognosis of infants in both groups (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The two-year prognoses of hyperbilirubinemia caused by G6PD deficiency are as poor as that of Rh incompatibility. The severity of hyperbilirubinemia had a significant role in the prognosis of infants in both groups.Exchange transfusion in cases with bilirubin < 25 mg/dl can improve the prognosis in both groups, especially in infants with Rh incompatibility.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Cohort Studies; Jaundice, Neonatal; Hyperbilirubinemia; Prognosis; Bilirubin; Jaundice; Blood Group Incompatibility
PubMed: 37164807
DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103714 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Cuproptosis, the most recently identified and regulated cell death, depends on copper ions . Copper regulates the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF),...
BACKGROUND
Cuproptosis, the most recently identified and regulated cell death, depends on copper ions . Copper regulates the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the mechanism of action underlying cuproptosis in IPF remains unclear.
METHODS
We identified three cuproptosis patterns based on ten cuproptosis-related genes using unsupervised consensus clustering. We quantified these patterns using a PCA algorithm to construct a cuproptosis score. ssGSEA and the Cibersort algorithm assessed the immune profile of IPF patients. GSEA and GSVA were used to analyze the functional differences in different molecular patterns. Drug susceptibility prediction based on cuproptosis scores and meaningful gene markers was eventually screened in combination with external public data sets, experiments and our cases.
RESULTS
Of the three types of cuproptosis-related clusters identified in the study, patients in the clusterA, geneclusterB, and score-high groups showed improved prognoses. Moreover, each cluster exhibited differential immune characteristics, with the subtype showing a poorer prognosis associated with an immune overreaction. Cuproptosis score can be an independent risk factor for predicting the prognosis of IPF patients. GSEA showed a significant functional correlation between the score and cuproptosis. The genes , and , were identified as prognostic-related signatures in IPF patients. The functional role of immune regulation in IPF was further explored by correlating essential genes with immune factors. Also, the nomogram constructed by cumulative information from gene markers and cuproptosis score showed reliable clinical application.
CONCLUSIONS
Cuproptosis patterns differ significantly in the prognosis and immune characteristics of IPF patients. The cuproptosis score and five gene signatures can provide a reliable reference in the prognosis and diagnosis of IPF.
Topics: Humans; Algorithms; Copper; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Mitochondrial Proteins; Molecular Chaperones; Nomograms; Prognosis; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38035073
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268141 -
BMC Gastroenterology Jul 2023Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and is characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, and poor...
BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and is characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is a first-line treatment for advanced HCC. The identification of immune-related prognostic markers may be an effective strategy to predict and improve clinical response rate of immunotherapy.
METHODS
The DESeq2, edgeR, and limma R packages were used to compare the transcriptomes of HCC with different prognoses. Cancer-related databases such as UALCAN, TNMplot, GEPIA, muttarget and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter platform were used to analyze the relationship between CLDN18 and the clinical characteristics, as well as prognosis of HCC. The co-expressed genes of CLDN18 were obtained from LinkedOmics platform, and GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. The CIBERSORT, TIMER, Timer 2.0 and TISIDB algorithms were used to analyze immune infiltration.
RESULTS
CLDN18 was differentially expressed in HCC patients with different prognoses, and its expression level in PBMC was positively correlated with the stage of BCLC. In addition, CLDN18 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, which was consistent with PBMC sequencing results and immunohistochemical data from human protein profiles. CLDN18 was also positively correlated with HCC staging and grading, and high expression levels of CLDN18 predicted shorter overall survival. Functional annotation of CLDN18 in HCC revealed enrichment of the cellular senescence and protein activation cascade, along with biological processes such as cell cycle, inflammatory response, and cellular ketone metabolism. In addition, CLDN18 was also associated with tumor infiltrating immune cells, suppressive immune cell markers, T lymphocyte depletion and activation of HCC, and low expression of CLDN18 was associated with higher CD8 + T cell infiltration and better survival rates.
CONCLUSIONS
CLDN18 is a potential prognostic marker and immunotherapeutic target for HCC.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Liver Neoplasms; Algorithms; Claudins
PubMed: 37438735
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02843-y -
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory... 2023The central role of inflammatory progression in the development of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases, is indisputable. However, the role of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The central role of inflammatory progression in the development of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases, is indisputable. However, the role of some novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19 remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of some novel inflammatory biomarkers in the occurrence and prognosis of COVID-19.
METHODS
We systematically retrieved the studies related to COVID-19 and the inflammatory biomarkers of interest. The data of each biomarker in different groups were extracted, then were categorized and pooled. The standardized mean difference was chosen as an effect size measure to compare the difference between groups.
RESULTS
A total of 90 studies with 12,059 participants were included in this study. We found higher levels of endocan, PTX3, suPAR, sRAGE, galectin-3, and monocyte distribution width (MDW) in the COVID-19 positive groups compared to the COVID-19 negative groups. No significant differences for suPAR and galectin-3 were detected between the severe group and mild/moderate group of COVID-19. In addition, the deaths usually had higher levels of PTX3, sCD14-ST, suPAR, and MDW at admission compared to the survivors. Furthermore, patients with higher levels of endocan, galectin-3, sCD14-ST, suPAR, and MDW usually developed poorer comprehensive clinical prognoses.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this meta-analysis provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive evidence for the role of the mentioned novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19, especially in evaluating death and other poor prognoses, with most biomarkers showing a better discriminatory ability.
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Galectin 3; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; COVID-19; Biomarkers; Prognosis
PubMed: 37727063
DOI: 10.1177/17534666231199679 -
Semergen 2019The diagnoses and prognoses that medical professionals have to communicate in cases of cancer come with special problems. Of all fatal diseases, cancer possibly causes... (Review)
Review
The diagnoses and prognoses that medical professionals have to communicate in cases of cancer come with special problems. Of all fatal diseases, cancer possibly causes most psychological impact on the patient. Although, by nature, medical professionals are aware of this negative impact and take care to be as prudent and human as possible, recent studies have shown that the "psychological factors of the patient" are of direct relevance to the medical factors in cancer, over and above their importance on quality of life during the course of the disease. This direct relevance needs replies that go beyond purely medical knowledge, as well as a specific training as to their application. Interdisciplinary medical-psychological cooperation is probably required. Studies indicate that compliance with both requisites may bring an improvement to clinical results. In Europe, although less than in the United States of America, the necessary inclusion has been the recognition of psychological training in academic pre- and postgraduate training in communicating these cases.
Topics: Communication; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Neoplasms; Professional-Patient Relations; Prognosis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 30638638
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2018.11.007 -
Primary Dental Journal May 2016Root resorption is a condition resulting in the progressive loss of dental hard tissue. It may occur both within the root and upon the external aspect of the root.... (Review)
Review
Root resorption is a condition resulting in the progressive loss of dental hard tissue. It may occur both within the root and upon the external aspect of the root. Diagnosis can be difficult and management challenging. Understanding the pathology is critical to understanding why and when this disease occurs and what the best management techniques involve. With such knowledge practitioners can confidently diagnose resorption, discuss prognoses and management strategies with the patient and either refer or begin treatment. Early intervention is paramount in improving outcomes. As such, if practitioners choose to refer patients they must be aware of what can be done immediately to mitigate risks until consultation and specialist treatment begins.
Topics: Algorithms; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Early Medical Intervention; Humans; Osteoclasts; Prognosis; Radiography, Dental; Risk Factors; Root Resorption; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28826432
DOI: 10.1308/205016816819304222